Intertextuality is defined as the relationship between texts, especially literary ones, where one text shapes the meaning of another. There are three types of intertextual relationships: obligatory, where the writer deliberately invokes comparisons between texts; optional, where the writer pays homage to original works or rewards those who are familiar with source texts; and accidental, which is undefined. Obligatory intertextuality is exemplified by 2Pac's "California Love" music video borrowing imagery from the Mad Max films. Optional intertextuality can involve acknowledging similarities between works, like director J.J. Abrams doing so between Star Wars: The Force Awakens and the original Star Wars film.

1. INTERTEXTUALITY

2. WHAT IS INTERTEXTUALITY?
It is defined as, the relationship between texts, especially
literary ones. Intertextuality is the shaping of a text's
meaning by another text. Intertextuality and intertextual
relationships can be separated into three types: obligatory,
optional and accidental .

3. OBLIGATORY
Obligatory intertextuality is when the writer deliberately
invokes a comparison or association between two (or
more) texts. For example, the music video for ‘California
Love’ by 2Pac uses a lot of imagery from the Mad Max film
series, including sets, costumes and vehicles. It even
tributes shots directly from the films.

4. EXAMPLES
Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome (1985)
The Road Warrior (1981)
The Road Warrior (1981)
Set
Location
Costume

5. OPTIONAL
The intent of the writer when using optional intertextuality,
is to pay homage to the 'original' writers, or to reward
those who have read the hypotext.

6. EXAMPLE
Upon it’s 2015 release, Many
people drew comparisons
between the story arc of ‘The
Force Awakens’ and the first
star wars film ‘A New Hope’ ,
as they are very similar. The
director, J.J. Abrams has
acknowledged this, and
stated that he wanted to pay
tribute to his favourite film in
the Star Wars franchise
whilst also paving the way for
new stories in future sequels.