The document discusses various elements and genres of music. It defines elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timbre, texture, and tempo. It then provides lists of example artists in genres like alternative rock, pop, R&B, jazz, and hip hop.

4. MUSIC GENRESHISTORY ELEMENTS

6. Music may be defined according to various
criteria including
organization, pleasantness, intent, social
construction, perceptual processes and
engagement, universal aspects or family
resemblances, and through contrast or negative
definition.

7. "Musical language" may be used to mean style or
genre, while music may be treated as language
without being called such, as in Fred Lerdahl or
others' analysis of musical grammar.
Many definitions of
music implicitly hold
that music is a
communicative
activity which
conveys to the
listener
moods, emotions, t
houghts, impressio
ns, or
philosophical, sexu
al, or political
concepts or
positions.

14. The pitch is the relative lowness or highness that we
hear in a sound. The pitch of a sound is based on the
frequency of vibration and the size of the vibrating
object. The slower the vibration and the bigger the
vibrating object, the lower the pitch; the faster the
vibration and the smaller the vibrating object, the
higher the pitch. For example, the pitch of a double
bass is lower than that of the violin because the
double bass has longer strings. Pitch may be definite
(i.e. piano) or indefinite (i.e. Cymbals).

16. It may be defined as the pattern or
placement of sounds in time and beats in
music. Roger Kamien in his book Music:
An Appreciation defines rhythm as "the
particular arrangement of note lengths in a
piece of music." Rhythm is shaped by
meter; it has certain elements such as
beat and tempo.

18. He is a retired professor emeritus of
musicology in the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Israel. He is the author of the book
Music: An Appreciation, which is a book
intended to show students the basics and the
importance of music.

20. Dynamics normally refers to the volume
of a sound or note, but can also refer to
every aspect of the execution of a given
piece, either stylistic (staccato, legato
etc.) or functional (velocity). The term is
also applied to the written or printed
musical notation used to indicate
dynamics. Dynamics are relative and do
not indicate specific volume levels.

22. Also known as tone color; it refers
to the quality of sound that
distinguishes one voice or
instrument from another. Timbre
may range anywhere from dull to
lush, from dark to bright.

24. Musical texture refers to the number
of layers as well as the type of layers
used in a composition and how these
layers are related. Texture may be
monophonic (single melodic
line), polyphonic (two or more melodic
lines) and homophonic (a main
melody accompanied by chords).

26. The tempo is the Italian word at the
beginning of a music piece
that indicates how slow or fast t
he piece should be played. This is
called the tempo
which is effective throughout the
duration of the music
unless the composer indicates
otherwise

28. Some alternative rock bands:
1. Linkin park
2. My Chemical Romance
3. Muse
4. Evanescence
5. Red Hot Chili Peppers
6. Paramore
7. Creed
8. Oasis
9.The All American Rejects
10. Incubus

40. Pop Art i st :
1. Col bi e Cai l l at
2. Chr i st i na Agui l er a
3. Br i t ney Spear s
4. Tayl or Swi f t
5. Lady Gaga
6. Mar i ah Car ey
7. Kat y Per r y
8. Avr i l Lavi gne
9. Kel l y Cl ar kson
Char i ce Pempengco

52. R&B Ar t i st s
1. Kyl a
2. Jay-R
3. Ni na
4. Br uno Mar s
5. Luke Mej ar es
6. Boyz I I Men
7. Br i an McKni ght
8. Ne Yo
9. Ri hanna
10. Beyonce Knowl es

64. Jazz Ar t i st s:
1. Si t t i Navar r o
2. Ri char d Poon
3. Fr ank Si nat r a
4. Loui s Ar mst r ong
5. Nat Ki ng Col e

71. Hi phop Ar t i st s:
1. Emi nem
2. Kanye West
3. Li l Wayne
4. Ni cki Mi naj
5. Jay-Z
6. Dr ake
7. Snoop Doog
8. Cent
9. Di ddy/ P. Di ddy/ Sean Jean Combs
10. Bone Thugs-N-Har mony