Art Appreciation specifically in Music. This is will cover the history of music from pre-historic until the modern music. Also, the elements and types of music.

2. CONTENTS
DEFINITION & HISTORY
BY HAZEL MARIE CAGULADA
01
ELEMENTS & TYPES
BY CHERIZZA MAE SAMPAN
02
FAMOUS ARTISTS
BY LORENAUBREY ADDUCUL
03
FAMOUS WORKS
BY ROCHELLEANNE PEÑALOSA
04

3.  An art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions
in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody,
harmony, and color.
WHAT IS
USIC?
 The word music comes from the Greek word mousike,
which means “Art of the Muses”.
M

4. MUSICTIMELINE
PRE-HISTORIC
MUSIC
MODERN
MUSIC
ANCIENT
MUSIC
GREECE
MUSIC
RENAISSANCE
MUSIC
BAROQUE
MUSIC
CLASSIC
MUSIC
ROMANTIC
MUSIC

5. PRE-HISTORIC MUSIC
 The origin of music is unknown as it occurred
prior to recorded history. Some suggest that the
origin of music likely stems from naturally
occurring sounds and rhythms. Human music
may echo these phenomena using patterns,
repetition and tonality.
ANCIENT MUSIC
 The "oldest known song" was written in
cuneiform, dating to 3400 years ago from Ugarit
in Syria.

6. GREECEMUSIC
 In ancient Greece, mixed-gender choruses performed for
entertainment, celebration and spiritual reasons. Instruments
included the double-reed aulos and the plucked string instrument,
the lyre, especially the special kind called a kithara. Music was an
important part of education in ancient Greece, and boys were
taught music starting at age six.
RENAISSANCEMUSIC
 Approximately 1450-1600
 A more personal style emerged in this era with a greater focus on
Humanism, and a rebirth of learning and exploration. During this
"golden age of vocal music," the leading composers include
Josquin Desprez, Palestrina, and Weelkes.

7. BAROQUE MUSIC
 Approximately 1600-1750
 This era—the last great age of aristocratic rule— is represented by
extremely ornate and elaborate approaches to the arts. This era saw
the rise of instrumental music, the invention of the modern violin
family and the creation of the first orchestras. Great composers of the
late Baroque include Vivaldi, Handel and JS Bach.
CLASSICMUSIC
 Approximately 1750-1820
 The music of this politically turbulent era focused on structural unity,
clarity and balance. The new expressive and dramatic approaches to
composition and performance that were developed in this era became
the standards that all "Classical" music are judged by. Great
composers of the Classic era include Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

8. ROMANTICMUSIC
 Approximately 1820-1900
 This era witnessed an explosion of flamboyance, nationalism, the rise
of "superstar" performers, and concerts aimed at middle-class
"paying" audiences. Orchestral, theatrical and soloistic music grew to
spectacular heights of personal expression. Among the leading
Romantic composers are Berlioz, Chopin, Wagner.
MODERN MUSIC
 Approximately 1900-Present
 Since approximately 1900, art-music has been impacted by daring
experimentation and advances in musical technology, as well as
popular/non-Western influences. Leading composers of the early 20th
century were Debussy, Schoenberg and Stravinsky, while many of the
most prominent composers since 1950 have come from the US.

9. HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE MUSIC
from Gong Music Era to Present

10. PHILIPPINE MUSIC TIMELINE
GONG
MUSIC ERA
RONDALLA
MUSIC ERA
HARANA &
KUNDIMAN ERA
OPM
ERA

11. 01 GONG MUSIC ERA
Philippine gong music can be divided into two types:
the flat gong commonly known as gangsà and
played by the groups in the Cordillera region and the
bossed gongs played among the Islam and animist
groups in the southern Philippines.
02 RONDALLA MUSIC ERA
The Rondalla is a traditional string orchestra
comprising two-string, mandolin-type instruments
such as the banduria and laud; a guitar; a double
bass; and often a drum for percussion. The rondalla
has its origins in the Iberian rondalla tradition, and is
used to accompany several Hispanic-influenced
song forms and dances.

12. 03 HARANA & KUNDIMAN ERA
The Harana and Kundiman are popular lyrical songs
dating back to the Spanish period, and are customarily
used in courtship rituals. The Harana is rooted in the
Mexican-Spanish tradition and based on the rhythmic
patterns of the habanera. The Kundiman, meanwhile, has
pre-colonial origins from the Tagalophone parts of the
country, uses a triple meter rhythm, and is characterised
by beginning in a minor key and shifting to a major one in
the second half.
04 OPM ERA
Original Pilipino music, now more commonly termed
original Pinoy music or OPM, originally referred only to
Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those
popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila
sound of the late 1970s. Currently, OPM is used as a
catch-all term for popular music composed and performed
by Filipino musicians and singers.

13. ELEMENTSAND TYPESOF MUSIC

14. WHY ARE THE ELEMENTS OF
MUSICIMPORTANT?
There are important for 2 reasons:
 Performing or Analyzing Music – An understanding of the
musical elements will enable you to understand any piece
of music, whether you are trying to perform the piece or
analyze it.
 Composing Music – The musical elements are your
“composer’s toolbox” – without a clear understanding of
the elements of a car you will never be able to build a car.
Without a clear grasp of the elements of music your ability
to write music will be seriously compromised and you will
not be able to reach your potential as a composer
(whatever style you are wanting to write in).

15. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
TONE COLOR
OR TIMBRE
TEXTURE
FORM
RHYTHM
DYNAMICS
MELODY
HARMONY
The essential ingredients of
music that, when combined,
cause music to sound particular,
unique, and idiosyncratic. Music
of different historic time periods
and different cultures vary
according to the application of
musical elements.
MUSIC
Without the key
musical elements a
piece of music will
no longer be music.

16. 01 RHYTHM
Rhythm is the element of "TIME" in music. When you tap your foot to the music, you
are "keeping the beat" or following the structural rhythmic pulse of the music. There
are several important aspects of rhythm:
 DURATION: how long a sound (or silence) lasts.
 TEMPO: the speed of the BEAT.
(Note: Tempo indications are often designated by Italian terms):
Largo = "large" or labored (slow)
Adagio = slow
Andante = steady "walking" tempo
Moderato = moderate
Allegro = fast ("happy")
Presto = very fast Other basic terms relating to
Rhythm are:
 Syncopation: an "off-the-beat" accent (between the counted numbers)
 Ritardando: gradually SLOWING DOWN the tempo
 Accelerando: gradually SPEEDING UP the tempo
 Rubato: freely and expressively making subtle changes in the tempo. (a technique
commonly encountered in music of the Romantic era)

17. 02 DYNAMICS
All musical aspects relating to the relative loudness (or quietness) of music fall under
the general element of DYNAMICS. The terms used to describe dynamic levels are
often in Italian:
 pianissimo [pp] = (very quiet)
 piano [p] = (quiet)
 mezzo-piano [mp] = (moderately quiet)
 mezzo-forte [mf ] = (moderately loud)
 forte [f ] = (loud)
 fortissimo [ff ] = (very loud)
Other basic terms relating to Dynamics are:
 Crescendo: gradually getting LOUDER
 Diminuendo (or decrescendo) : gradually getting QUIETER
 Accent: "punching" or "leaning into" a note harder to temporarily emphasize it

18. 03 MELODY
Melody is the LINEAR/HORIZONTAL presentation of pitch (the word used to describe
the highness or lowness of a musical sound).
Many famous musical compositions have a memorable melody or theme. Melodies
can be described as:
 CONJUNCT (smooth; easy to sing or play)
 DISJUNCT (disjointedly ragged or jumpy; difficult to sing or play).
04 HARMONY
Harmony is the VERTICALIZATION of pitch. Often, harmony is thought of as the art of
combining pitches into chords (several notes played simultaneously as a "block").
These chords are usually arranged into sentence-like patterns called chord
progressions. Harmony is often described in terms of its relative HARSHNESS:
 DISSONANCE: a harsh-sounding harmonic combination
 CONSONANCE: a smooth-sounding harmonic combination

19. 05 TONECOLOR OR TIMBRE
Refers to quality of the sound being produced. For example, a violinist can change
the tone of the sound by using a different bowing technique.
06 TEXTURE
In music, texture is how the tempo, melodic, and harmonic materials are combined in
a composition, thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece.
 Monophonic: Literally meaning one voice, monophonic texture (monophony)
refers to a single melodic line, though it may be played by one or many
instruments. The voices may be in exact unison or in different octaves, as long as
the same notes and rhythms are played.
 Homophonic: is the most common texture in Western music, both classical and
popular. It is defined as having one voice, a melody, which stands out from
background accompaniment. • Polyphonic: involves multiple melodic voices, all of
equal importance, occurring simultaneously. This complex, dense texture is
typical of Renaissance and baroque music.

20. 07 FORM
The architecture of the piece. The way in which different phrases are
arranged. The large-scale form of a musical composition can be projected via
any combination of the musical elements previously studied.

21. TYPESOF MUSIC
CLASSICAL ROCK JAZZ
POP
Music written
according to
standard European
forms or structures
by people such as
Mozart and
Beethoven.
A type of music that
developed from rock
’n’ roll and uses a
heavy regular beat,
electric guitars,
singing, and a tune
that is easy to
remember.
Type of music that
developed in the late
19th century in which
there is a strong lively
beat and the players
often improvise (make
up the music as they
play).
A type of music, usually
played on electronic
instruments, that is popular
with many people because
it consists of short songs
with a strong beat and
simple tunes that are easy
to remember.

22. TYPESOF MUSIC
COUNTRY BLUES HIPHOP
ELECTRONIC
A type of popular
music based on the
traditional music of
the southern U.S.,
usually containing
singing, guitars, and
violins.
A type of slow and
sad music that
developed from
the songs of black
slaves in the
southern U.S.
A type of music that
developed amongAfrican-
American musicians using
rap and samples (short
pieces of recorded music
or sound) that are
repeated and combined
with musical instruments.
This is a kind of music
that’s distinguished by
the usage of
instruments. The most
common tools are:
synthesizers, theremin,
and electric guitar.

23. FAMOUS
LOCAL

24. ANTONIOJ
.MOLINA
 FIRST NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1973)
 One of the “Triumvirate of Filipino Composers” and “Dean of Filipino Composers”
 Molina’s first composition, “Matinal” (1912), is preserved in an unpublished volume called
Miniaturas, Vol. 1. According to the composer, they are called Miniaturas because they do
not seem to arrived at a category of serious musical works.
Other works:
 Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass (1964)
 Ang Batingaw (1972)
 “Hatinggabi” (1915)
LUCRECIAROCESKAS
ILAG
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1989)
 She is particularly known for incorporating indigenous Filipino instruments into orchestral
productions.
Works:
 Ang Apoy ng mga Hayop (The Fire of Animals), musical tale (1986)
 Ang Pamana (The Heritage) (1966)
 Serendipity (1994)

25. LUCIOD.S
ANPEDRO
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1991)
 He was a prolific composer whose works included band music, concertos,
choral works, cantatas, chamber music, and songs for solo voice.
Works:
 “Simbang Gabi”
 “Lahing Kayumanggi”
 “Sa Mahal Kong Bayan”
LEVICELERIO
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1997)
 Credited for writing more than 4,000 songs, many of which are dedicated to his wife and
children. He wrote Filipino folk, Christmas, and love songs and some of his songs were
used in feature films.
Works:
 Sa Ugoy ng duyan, sung by the then very young Lea Salonga, is an immortal Filipino
lullaby from Lucio D. San Pedro and Levi Celerio.
 "Ang Pasko ay Sumapit", officially title "Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon"
 "Ang Pipit"
 "Kahit Konting Pagtingin"

26. J
OS
EMACEDA
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1997)
 As an ethnomusicologist, Maceda investigated various forms of music in
SoutheastAsia, producing numerous papers and even composing his own
pieces for SoutheastAsian instruments.
Works:
 Pagsamba for 116 instruments, 100 mixed and 25 male voices (1968)
ANDREAO.VENERACION
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1999)
 She was a lyric soprano soloist in various Oratorio works and in the Opera
Stage.
 Choirmaster of the Philippine Madrigal Singers.
Works:
 Bituing Marikit by Nicanor Abelardo

27. R
Y
ANCAY
ABY
AB
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (2018)
 His works range from commissioned full-length ballets, theater musicals, choral
pieces, a Mass set to unaccompanied chorus, and orchestral pieces, to
commercial recordings of popular music, film scores and television specials.
Works:
 Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika
 "Kumukutikutitap"
HONORATA“ATANG”DELARAMA
 NATIONAL ARTIST IN MUSIC (1987)
 Became known for singing the song, Nabasag na Banga.
 Producer and the writer of plays such as Anak ni Eva and Bulaklak ng
Kabundukan.

28. FRANCISMAGALONA
 Released the album Yo!, the first commercially released Filipino rap album.
 Featured politically conscious and thought-provoking rhymes in both English and Tagalog
 Released Rap Is Francis M, with tracks addressing the various cultural and social
problems that plagued his country.
Works:
 "Mga Kababayan"
 "Mga Praning" – drug addiction
 "Halalan" – political instability
 "Tayo'y Mga Pinoy" - detrimental effects of a colonial mentality
LEAS
ALONGA
 Best known for her roles in musical theatre, for supplying the singing voices of
two Disney Princesses (Jasmine and Mulan), and as a recording artist and
television performer.
 Originated the lead role of Kim in the musical Miss Saigon
Works:
 The journey by Julie Gold

29. GREATEST
LOCAL HITS
OF ALL TIME

30.  Bayan Ko, 1928. It was composed for the zarzuela Walang Sugat with music by
Constancio de Guzman and words by the great poet Jose Corazon de Jesus.
 Ugoy Ng Duyan, 1956, by Lucio San Pedro and Levi Celerio. This later became a
popular choral piece for the Philippine Madrigal Singers.
 Bakit (Kung Liligaya Ka Sa Piling Ng Iba), 1974, composed by George Canseco and
recorded by Imelda Papin.
 Bonggahan, 1977, composed by Gary Perez and Sampaguita.
 Kay Ganda Ng Ating Musika, 1978, words and music by Ryan Cayabyab.
 Anak, 1978, composed and recorded by FreddieAguilar.
 Tayo’y Mga Pinoy, 1978, music and lyrics by Heber Bartolome.
 Pangarap Na Bituin, 21. Bituing Walang Ningning 22. Sana’y Wala Na’ng Wakas,
The Sharon Trilogy, 1984 to 1987, composed by Willy Cruz.
 Christmas In Our Hearts, 1990, with words and music by Jose Mari Chan.

31. FAMOUS
INTERNATIONA
L ARTISTS

32. LUDWIGVANBEETHOVEN
 Composed in all the main genres of classical music, including symphonies, concertos,
string quartets, piano sonatas and one opera.
 The "Early" period - "Viennese" style.
 The "Middle" or "Heroic" period - struggle and heroism
 Beethoven's "Late" period - intense, personal expression and an emotional and
intellectual profundity.
Works:
 "Moonlight Sonata"
 "Für Elise"
J
OHANNESS
EBAS
TIANBACH
 Composed Latin church music, Passions, oratorios, and motets.
 He often adopted Lutheran hymns, not only in his larger vocal works, but for
instance also in his four-part chorales and sacred songs.
Works:
 Toccata and Fugue in D Minor

33. WOLFGANGAMADEUSMOZART
 Wrote in all the musical genres of his day and excelled in every one.
 Clarity, balance, and transparency are the hallmarks of his work, but simplistic
notions of its delicacy mask the exceptional power of his finest masterpieces.
Works:
 Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor, K. 491
 The Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550
 Serenade in G major, K. 525
GUIDOD’AREZZO
 Credited with the invention of the Guidonian hand, a widely used mnemonic
system where note names are mapped to parts of the human hand.
 Developed new techniques for teaching, such as staff notation and the use of
the "ut–re–mi–fa–so–la" (do–re–mi–fa–so–la) mnemonic (solmization).
Works:
 Ut queant laxis

34. LOUISARMS
TRONG
 Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice as well as his trumpet
playing.
 Enjoyed many types of music, from blues, to LatinAmerican folksongs, to
classical symphonies and opera.
Works:
 What a Wonderful World
MICHAELJ
ACKS
ON
 Explored genres including pop, soul, rhythm and blues, funk, rock, disco, post-
disco, dance-pop and new jack swing.
 Off the Wall - vocabulary of grunts, squeals, hiccups, moans, and asides
Works:
 Billie Jean
 Thriller

35. THEBEATLES
 Highlights key features of their music: the sound imagination, the persistence of
tuneful melody, and the close coordination between words and music. It
represents a new category of song – more sophisticated than pop ... and
uniquely innovative.
Works:
 Hey Jude
 Let It Be
BOBMARLEY
 One of the pioneers of reggae,
 His musical career was marked by blending elements of reggae, ska, and
rocksteady, as well as forging a smooth and distinctive vocal and songwriting
style.
Works:
 No Woman, No Cry

36. MADONNA
Works:
 Like a Prayer - different genres of music, including dance, funk, R&B and
gospel music.
 Ray of Light - electronic music
 Like a Virgin
EL
VISPRES
LEY
 Pioneer of rockabilly, an up tempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and
rhythm and blues.
Works:
 Can’t Help Falling In Love

37. GREATEST
INTERNATIONAL
HITS OF ALL
TIME

38.  Bohemian Rhapsody (1975) by Queen
 Stairway to Heaven (1971) by Led Zeppelin
 Imagine (1971) by John Lennon
 Smells Like Teen Spirit (1991) by Nirvana
 One (1988) by Metallica
 Hotel California (1976) by Eagles
 Comfortably Numb (1979) by Pink Floyd
 Sweet Child of Mine (1987) by Guns N' Roses
 Hey Jude (1968) by The Beatles
 Lose Yourself (2002) by Eminem