This document defines the basic elements of music and their functions. It discusses that music is organized sound with elements like pitch, duration, timbre, harmony, texture and dynamics. It then explains the various functions of music including aesthetics, emotional appeal, nationalism, entertainment, and marketing. It concludes by describing the key musical elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, texture, timbre, dynamics, form, and musical instruments.

1. Basic Elements of
Music

2. Music and Its Function

3. What Music is?
• Sound that is organized, systematic,
and structured is called music.
• It has elements like pitch, duration,
timbre, harmony, texture and
dynamics that are organized into an
artistic form of communication
expressed either vocally or
instrumentally.

4. Functions of Music
• Music is an important ingredient in our
daily lives. Its value depends on our
purposes, whether for celebrations, rites,
rituals, and/or special occasions.

5. Function Specifications Examples
1. Aesthetics • It provides a sense
of achievement,
happiness, and
satisfaction.
• It is very personal
and intimate. No
two listeners have
equally the same
emotional
response.
“Jesu Joy of Man's
Desiring” by Johann
Sebastian Bach
2. Emotional Appeal • It helps in the
release of
emotions and in
the expression of
one's feelings in
the lines of a song
or the melodic
movemen of the
instrumental piece.
“Anak” by Freddie
Aguilar

6. Function Specifications Examples
3. Nationalistic
Fervor
• It is an effective
means to develop
nationalism,
strengthen national
discipline, and
transmitting
cultural values,
history, and oral
traditions.
“Bayan Ko” by
Constancio de
Guzman
“Mutya ng Pasig” by
Nicanor Abelardo
4. Artistic Forms and
Academic Disciplines
• It is used to
convey ideas.
“Magkaugnay” by
Joey Ayala
5. Medium between
God and people
• It is used to
communicate with
God.
“Dona Nobis Pacem”
by Kerenyi Gyorgy
6.Comparison in
Work
• It keeps workers
inspired to do their
best in their tasks.
“Magtanim ay Di
Biro” Phil. folk song

7. Function Specifications Examples
7. A Form of
Entertainment
• It provides
entertainment for
different
occasions,
celebrations, and
programs.
• It allows
appreciation of
musical skills.
“Ikaw” by Yeng
Constantino
8. Tool of Marketing • It promotes
products new in
the market.
“Beat Energy Gap”
by James Reid

8. • Sound is produced by the vibration of
objects.
• Some sounds are disorganized; others are
organized.
• Unpleasant and disorganized sound is
called noise.
• Music is a systematic, organized,
structured sound.

9. ACTIVITY
• SING A FEW LINES OF YOUR FAVORITE
SONG IN CLASS AND TELL ITS
IMPORTANCE IN YOUR LIFE.

10. Elements of Music

11. Rhythm
• the time element of music.
• A specific rhythm is a specific pattern in
time; we usually hear these in relation to a
steady pulse, and mentally organize this
pulse or tempo into meter (sometimes
called a "time signature").
• Meter organizes beats into groups, usually
of two or three; beats can be divided into
small units usually 2, 3 or 4 subdivisions

16. Beat/Time Signature
• 2 - two beats in a measure and
4 the quarter note receives one beat
ex. Lupang Hinirang,
Sitsiritsit,Pamulinawen,
Magtanim Ay Di Biro,
Dungawin Mo Hirang,
Chua-Ay, etc.

17. • 3 - three beats in a measure and
4 the quarter note receives one beat
ex. Atin Cu Pung
Singsing, Santa Clara,
Sarung Banggi, Pasyon,
Bahay Kubo, Mutya Ng
Pasig, Nasaan Ka Irog

18. • 4 - four beats in a measure and
4 the quarter note receives one beat
ex. Leron Leron Sinta,
Dios Te Salve, Ode to
Joy, If You're Happy and
You Know It, London
Bridge, etc.

19. • Duration- how long a sound lasts
• Tempo- speed at which the music is played
Accelerando becoming faster
Adagio slow
Allegretto moderately fast
Allegro fast
Andante moderately slow
Grave very slow, solemn
Largo really slow
Moderato moderate
Prestissimo as fast as possible
Presto very fast
Ritardando gradual slowing
Vivace lively

20. Dynamics
• refers to the loudness and softness of sound.
Crescendo Decresendo
Forte loud
Piano soft
Mezzo forte medium loud
Mezzo piano medium soft
Crescendo getting louder
Decresendo getting softer

21. • A composition that has extremely soft
passages as well as extremely loud
passages is said to have a large or
wide dynamic range.
• Dynamics can change suddenly or
gradually (crescendo, getting louder,
or decrescendo, getting softer.)

22. Melody
• It is the horizontal succession of notes
written or performed in a recognizable
shape.
Wide Range 8 tones & above
Moderate Range 5 tones
Narrow Range 1-3 tones

23. • Melodic Line
Jagged-

24. Melodic Line
Rounded-

25. Melodic Direction
Step- line to space
Skip- line to line, space to space
Leap- more than a step

26. Texture- refers to the number of
individual musical lines (melodies) and
the relationship these lines have to one
another.
Monophonic one voice (melody) or line
Polyphonic voices
Homophonic a melody with simple accompaniment
Heterophony “mixed” or multiple similar versions of a melody
performed simultaneously

27. Harmony- vertical arrangement and
simultaneous sound production of notes that
blend into a chord is
• Dissonance- a harsh-sounding harmonic
combination
• Consonance- a smooth-sounding
harmonic combination

28. Timbre/Tone Color- sound quality or tone
color; timbre is the characteristic that allows
us to distinguish between one instrument
and another
• Head Voice
• Nasal Voice
• Chest Voice

29. • Idiophone (gong, cymbals, xylophone)
• Membranophone (drum)
• Chordophone (guitar, violin)
• Aerophone (flute)
• Electrophone (piano, electric guitar)

30. Form- overall structure of a musical
composition
• Stropic Form (A)
• Binary (AB)
• Ternary (ABA)