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All about Construction
Cash Allowances
Version 1.2
By Peter Vander Klippe
What is a Construction
Cash Allowance?
Cash Allowances are
funds set aside for work
that will be detailed later
Why should you care?
Why care #1: Cash
Allowances are part of
most CCDC* contracts
*CCDC = Canadian
Construction Documents
Committee
*Almost every
construction contract in
Canada is based on a
CCDC contract
Why care #2: They allow
you to tender sooner
Example: A retail project
that was part of a larger
program
The client was bundling
the refrigeration
installation
(So that they could get
the best price)
But they needed to get
started on the
construction ASAP
So they included a
refrigeration installation
Cash Allowance
The amount was
estimated based upon
previous costs
After they received the
pricing on the
refrigeration installation
bundles
The work was assigned to
the contractor
With no additional mark
up for overhead or profit*
*this won’t work if your
estimate is too low
Work started on site
sooner then if we had to
wait for the final price
Why care #3: They
provide flexibility
You can use Cash
Allowances to be more
flexible
This works best for scope
near the end of the
project
Like landscaping,
furniture, and security.
You can defer some
decisions to later in the
process
So if a deal is found on
used furniture you can
sod instead of seed the
lawn
Or if you decide to use
keys instead of swipe
cards you can afford a
patio
Or if you exceed your
budget you can use some
of the Cash Allowance

No patio or Sod

Staying within your
budget
Things to watch out for
when using Cash
Allowances
Watch out for multiple
specific Cash Allowances
This can limit your
flexibility and run against
approval thresholds
Example:
You have three Cash
Allowances
$10,000 for security
$50,000 for landscaping
And $140,000 for
refrigeration installation
For a total of $200,000
Contract is awarded,
contractor starts work
And it turns out that it is
going to take a lot more
security work
To connect this system to
the client’s other
buildings requires
upgrading the existing
system
The new security
estimate is $25,000

But, thankfully concurrent
to this,
The pricing came in for
the refrigeration
installation
And the layout was
revised, reducing the
number of cases
Which reduced the
refrigeration installation
to $125,000

So now we have:
$25,000 for security
The same $50,000 for
landscaping
And $125,000 for
refrigeration installation
For a grand total of
$200,000
BUT
When you tell your
contractor about this
He demands $2,250 extra
in overhead and profit

He says that managing a
security company is a lot
more work
So he included a 20%
markup in his bid for the
security Cash Allowance
And only a 5% markup
for the refrigeration
installation Cash
Allowance
So because we are
shifting $15,000 from 5%
to 20% markup, he wants
his cut
And to make it worse
Your client lets you know
that as the security costs
has risen by 150%
He needs his CEO to sign
off on the change

This could all be avoided
Make sure it is clear that
there is only one Cash
Allowance
Watch out for hidden
Cash Allowances
It can get complicated if
Cash Allowances are not
clearly identified
Example
The mechanical sub-
consultant ran out of time
prior to tender
And instead of designing
the reverse osmosis
system
A drawing note was
included that instructed
the contractor to carry a
$15,000 Cash Allowance
Possible outcome #1:
Waste of funds
2 bids are disqualified as
they didn’t include this
Cash Allowance
One of these bids that
was $45,000 lower then
the awarded contractor

Possible outcome #2:
Contractor claim
The contractor awarded
the job missed this Cash
Allowance in his estimate
(This often happens as
missing something lowers
your price)
So when the
Supplemental Instruction
is issued for the reverse
osmosis system
The contractor submits a
claim for the work at
$17,345 + 10% markup

Possible outcome #3:
Double dipping
The contractor technically
did include the cash
allowance in his price
But do to staffing
changes at the
contractor’s company
The new representative
for the contractor submits
the claim anyways
And the contract
administrator isn’t aware
of this Cash Allowance
So the claim is approved
The contractor also
invoices for 100% of his
base work
And as the contractors
invoice doesn’t itemize
the Cash Allowance
He is paid for both the
Cash Allowance and the
draw
Which gives the
contractor $30,000 for
$15,000 worth of work

Summary
Cash Allowances can be
extremely useful*
*if used correctly

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All About Construction Cash Allowances v1.2