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1. By: ALEXIS JOHN B.
BENEDICTO
Teacher, Writer, Artist, Publication
adviser, THE HERALD
For more info. Visit “alexis art and
perception”
Like, comment, and leave a
message

2. Hint: The answer is NOT ‘because sir/miss told me to’

3. Measurement
Development
Professionalism

4. Implying that it is to:
Assess your knowledge and understanding?
Grade your achievements?
Judge your writing skills?
Measure you against your peers?

5. Implying that it is to:
Assess your knowledge and understanding?
Grade your achievements?
Judge your writing skills?
Measure you against your peers?
Of course, but it isn’t the main reason

6. Far more important is that you are given the opportunity:
to explore what you think
to improve how you think
to practice communicating your thoughts

7. Writing is a tool which can allow us to:
Organise our thoughts clearly
give ourselves room to examine
what we think
why we think it
whether we should continue to think it

8. Sustained, coherent and complex thinking cannot be
done silently.
That is to say, most people cannot sit alone and think
CLEARLY about something COMPLICATED for A LONG
PERIOD of time

9. But, what do you do when there is no-one you can talk to

10. Planning an essay is like having that conversation with
yourself
Writing the essay is sharing those thoughts with other
people

11. Which is important because….

12. Anybody can make a gut decision
but
only someone who is practiced in communicating and
reasoned argument will be able to justify how the more
difficult decision was made

13. ….what kind of essays are there.

14. There are generally considered to be three types of essay
Descriptive
Contrast/compare
Argumentative

15. In de scribe e ssays, yo u are m e re ly aske d to
de scribe , so m e thing , be it an e ve nt, o bje ct, g raph o r
table .
Yo ur O PINIO Nis no t re q uire d unle ss spe cifically
aske d fo r

16. Description of object or place
Describing a sequence of events.
Describing a process
Describing and explaining

17. Introduction
major aspects of the subject.
description of aspect A
description of aspect B
etc.
Conclusion
Plan – Object or place
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Describe ....
•Narrate...
•Tell....

18. Plan – Sequence of Events
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Give an
account of...,
•Trace...,
•Examine
developments
in...
Introduction
First situation
then A happened
then B happened
etc.
Final situation
Conclusion

19. Plan – A Process
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Explain/What
is the
connection
between....
•Describe the
procedures by
which...
Definition of process
Main equipment/Main steps
Step One
leads to
Step Two
leads to
Step Three
Conclusion
Summary of process

20. Plan – Describing and explaining
Questions often introduced by:
•Explain the causes/reasons....
•Account for....
•Analyse the causes....
•Comment on (the reasons for)....
•Show that....
•Show why...
•Examine the effect of....
•Suggest reasons for....
•Why did...?
•What are the implications of...?
•Discuss the causes of....
•Discuss the reasons for....

21. Plan – Describing and explaining
Introduction to causes of A
Cause 1 + example
Effects 1
Cause 2 with example
Effects 2
etc.
Conclusion
Introduction to causes of A
Causes + examples
Transition
Effects
Conclusion
OR

22. Co ntrast or disting uish be twe e n questions usually
present you with two or more terms, instruments,
concepts or procedures that are closely
connected, and sometimes confused. The
purpose of the essay is to explain the differences
between them.

23. The contrast essay
The compare essay
The compare and contrast essays

24. Plan – Contrast
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Contrast ....
•Distinguish between ...
•What is the difference
between....
•What are the
differences between....
•How are ... and ...
different?
Introduction to differences
between A and B
Contrast A & B in terms of first
difference
Contrast A & B in terms of second
difference
etc
Conclusion

25. Plan – Compare
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Compare ....
•What features do ...
and ... have in
common?
•What are the
similarities
between....
•How are ... and ...
similar?
Introduction to similarities between A
and B
Compare A & B
in terms of first similarity
Compare A & B
in terms of second similarity
etc.
Conclusion

26. Plan – Compare/Contrast
Questions are
often introduced
by:
•Compare ....
•What features do ...
and ... have in
common?
•What are the
similarities
between....
•How are ... and ...
similar?

27. The purpose of an argumentative essay
is to persuade the reader to follow your
point of view. You do this by supporting your
point with facts or relevant ideas.

28. The balanced view
The persuasive essay
The to what extent essay.

29. The balanced view
If the essay title begins with something like:
• Give the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . .
• Asse ss the im po rtance o f. . . .
• Exam ine the arg um e nts fo r and ag ainst. . . .
• What are the advantag e s and disadvantag e s
o f. . . ?
• Evaluate . . . .
Then you will need a BALANCED essay

30. The balanced view
That is to say:
• Present BOTH sides of the argument in an
unbiased fashion
• State your opinion in the conclusion, based on
the evidence you have provided

31. Plan –
The
balanced
view
Introduce the argument to the reader.
e.g. why it is particularly relevant topic nowadays
or refer directly to some comments that have been
voiced on it recently.
Reasons in favour of the argument
Reasons against the argument
After summarising the two sides,
state your own opinion,
and explain why you think as you do

32. The persuasive essay
If the essay title begins with something like:
• Give yo ur vie ws o n. . . .
• What do yo u think abo ut. . . ?
• Do yo u ag re e that. . . ?
• Co nside r whe the r. . . .
Then you will need a PERSUASIVE essay

33. The persuasive essay
In which you
• state yo ur o pinio n im m e diate ly
• try to co nvince the re ade r, by re aso ne d
arg um e nt, that yo u are rig ht

34. Plan –
The
persuasive
essay
Introduce the topic briefly in general terms,
and then state your own opinion.
Explain what you plan to prove in the essay.
Reasons against the argument.
Dispose briefly of the main objections to your case.
Reasons for your argument
the arguments to support your own view,
with evidence and examples.
Conclusion - Do not repeat your opinion again.
End your essay with something memorable
e.g. a quotation or a direct question.

35. The to what extent essay
If the essay title begins with something like:
• To what e xte nt . . . .
• Ho w true . . . .
• Ho w far do yo u ag re e . . . .
Then you will need a TO WHAT EXTENT
essay

36. The to what extent essay
• Because the truth is never 100%
• so, how true is it?

37. Plan –
The to what
extent essay
Introduction to problem
Aspect 1 - true
Aspect 1 - false
Aspect 2 - true
etc
Conclusion
a ‘subtraction’ sum

38. ….how to write