Alcohol use disorders
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Alcohol use is a major health issue as it affects almost all organ systems in the body. It also has significant impact on behaviour and leads to significant social and functional impairment. This presentation will help you understand the prevalence of alcohol use disorders and its impact on brain and behaviour.
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Explain how alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream,
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and excretion
Understand the process by which alcohol is excreted in the
breath via the lungs
Understand the concepts of infrared and fuel cell breath-testing
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Describe commonly employed field sobriety tests to assess
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Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, Eleventh Edition, by Richard Saferstein. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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It is no secret that in spite of the concerted efforts of law enforcement agencies to prevent distri-
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istration of drugs, and many more innocent lives are lost as a result of the erratic and frequently
uncontrollable behavior of individuals under the influence of drugs. But one should not automati-
cally attribute these occurrences to the wide proliferation of illicit-drug markets. For example, in
the United States alone, drug manufacturers produce enough sedatives and antidepressants each
year to provide every man, woman, and child with about 40 pills. All of the statistical and medi-
cal evidence shows ethyl alcohol, a legal over-the-counter drug, to be the most heavily abused
drug in Western countries.
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and identify drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs. Their services are required
not only in such legal institutions as crime laboratories and medical examiners’ offices; they
also reach into hospital laboratories—where the possibility of identifying a drug overdose may
represent the difference between life and death—and into v.
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A Comprehensive Look at Toxic Chemicals in the Body - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
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- 1. D.Y. Patil Education Society Deemed to be University Dr Gurudas Harshe, M.D. Professor & Head, Department Of Psychiatry DY Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre 1 Alcohol Use Disorders: Basic Concepts PSYCHIATRY DEPARTMENT OF DY Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre Kolhapur
- 2. 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur • Understand the basic chemical and pharmacological principles in metabolism of alcohol. • Understand the prevalence and physical consequences of alcohol use disorder. At the end of this presentation, students shall
- 3. 3 HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF ALCOHOL: DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur • One of the most commonly used chemical substances for intoxication by humans in history • Word 'alcohol' originates from the Arabian term 'al-kuhul', meaning "the kohl" a powder for the eyes • No one knows when beverage alcohol was first used • Intentionally fermented beverages existed at least as early as 10,000 B.C • In India, alcoholic beverages appeared in between 3000 BC - 2000 BC
- 4. 4 ALCOHOL: PROBLEM STATEMENT DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur Alcohol is estimated to cause about 20-30% of oesophageal cancer, liver cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver, homicide, epilepsy, and motor vehicle accidents. Worldwide, alcohol causes 1.8 million deaths each year In India male : female ratio is 6:1 nearly 21-30% of adult men and <5% of women consume alcohol.
- 5. 5 PERCENT POINT PREVALENCE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur 0 5 10 15 20 25 Alcohol Cannabis Percent Prevalence
- 6. 6 ALCOHOL: PHARMACOKINETICS DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur Absorption- 10% from stomach, 90%-small intestine(proximal). Peak blood conc.- In 30-90 minutes. Metabolism- 90% in liver 10% excreted unchanged by kidney and lungs Body can metabolises about 15 ml/hr (10-34) per hour Alcohol Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid
- 7. 7 ALCOHOL: EFFECTS ON THE BODY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur No organ system is immune to effects of alcohol. Most adversely and commonly affected are, Central nervous system Gastrointestinal systems Hepatobilliary system
- 8. 8 ALCOHOL: EFFECTS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur 1) Acute intoxication • Initial signs: Raised pulse, blood pressure and reduced social inhibition. • Increasing levels: slurred speech, ataxia and sedation. 2) Effects on sleep 3) Wernicke’s encephalopathy 4) Korsakoff’s psychosis 5) Cerebellar degeneration 6) Amblyopia 7) Central pontine myelinosis 8) Epilepsy 9) Dementia 10) Peripheral neuropathy
- 9. 9 ALCOHOL EFFECT ON BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR WITH BLOOD CONCENTRATION DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre D Y Patil Education Society, Deemed to be University. Kolhapur 0-0.05% • Inco-ordination, speech impairment • Ataxia • Perceived benefits • Sedation 0.06-0.15% • Perceived relaxation • Aggression • Imbalance, ataxia • Slurred incoherent speech • Moderate memory impairment 0.16-0.30% • Poor reaction time, imbalance • All co-ordination related problems • Impaired jusgement • Impaired decision making • Vomiting • Consciousness affected 0.31-0.45% • Loss of consciousness • Alcohol poisoning • Risk of death due to affected vital functions Blood Alcohol Concentration in Percent
- 10. D. Y. PATIL EDUCATION SOCIETY DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY KOLHAPUR Department Of Psychaitry Thank You 20
Editor's Notes
- A very good afternoon to all. I, Dr Devavrat Harshe would be presenting the strides taken by the Department of Psychiatry over last 5 years
- I thank you all for your patient listening.