This document summarizes research on cocoa polyphenols and their health benefits. Cocoa has the highest concentration of flavonoids among commonly consumed foods. Studies show cocoa extracts have high antioxidant capacity compared to other flavonoid-rich foods like tea and wine. Cocoa polyphenols have been shown to inhibit LDL oxidation and increase plasma antioxidant levels in humans. While cocoa may benefit cardiovascular health through antioxidants and effects on inflammation, platelets, and endothelium, no trials have yet demonstrated its protective effects on cardiovascular disease.