IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The document provides guidance for political reporting. It discusses the importance of politics and understanding the perspective of readers. Political reporters should focus on how decisions affect people's lives, cultivate a wide range of sources, and ask probing questions. When writing stories, reporters should include different viewpoints early, provide context and explanation, and write in a way that shows the human impact. The document also discusses common political story types and sources, as well as tips for interviewing politicians and keeping personal views separate from reporting.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a sub-editor in publishing a newspaper or magazine. A sub-editor plays a central role in editing news stories and ensuring factual accuracy and quality writing. The key responsibilities of a sub-editor include selecting and editing news stories, correcting errors, improving writing, rewriting for clarity, translating content, formatting stories for pages, and proofreading before publication. Strong language skills, mental alertness, news judgment, composition ability, and decisiveness are important qualifications for a sub-editor.
This document discusses the importance of sources in journalism and provides guidance on working with different types of sources. It notes that sources provide timely information to reporters and are essential to creating reports. However, reporters must be careful in protecting source identities and maintaining objectivity. The document cautions about types of unreliable sources like liars seeking publicity, hoaxsters spreading misinformation, and promoters pushing agendas. It advises reporters to verify information from multiple sources and be skeptical of leaks and online information. Finally, it outlines different types of sources reporters may use, including other reporters, primary witnesses, documents, and secondary sources like police, while being wary of anonymous tips.
This document discusses various aspects of news editing mechanics. It explains that editing for mechanics involves proofreading work to correct errors in spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. It also discusses selecting and sorting creed material, translating news stories while considering cultural and political contexts, and structuring news stories using techniques like the inverted pyramid or narrative/storytelling approaches. The document notes that rewriting may be necessary when a story contains serious flaws and inaccuracies after initial editing.
This document discusses news values, which are guidelines used to determine what makes a news story worthy of being published or reported. It identifies nine main news values: timeliness, proximity, impact, controversy, magnitude, prominence, currency, oddity/novelty. Each value is then defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it determines the newsworthiness of a story. Timeliness refers to recency, proximity refers to local relevance, and impact, controversy, magnitude, and prominence refer to the number of people affected or interested in a story. Currency tracks issues that remain topics of public interest, while oddity/novelty means unusual or unique stories. These values help journalists decide what is essential, important information to report on
Citizen journalism allows non-journalists to report and share information through writing, blogging, photos, videos, and commentary. It has become significant due to its ability to report news when large organizations are unable to. While it provides immediate perspectives, citizen journalism lacks the training of professional journalists in verification and impartiality. Anyone with internet access can be a citizen journalist by posting online.
The document discusses the concept of gatekeeping, which was coined by Kurt Lewin in 1947 to refer to the process by which certain individuals control the flow of information to larger groups. Gatekeepers decide what messages or content will be allowed to pass through gates or filters to be distributed and consumed by others. The document provides examples of gatekeepers in media like newspaper editors and television news producers. It also discusses how gatekeeping theory has been applied across various fields of study.
Development media theory (Mass communication theory)AribaTanveer
Development media theory refers to using communication to facilitate social development in developing countries. It posits that mass media should support national development programs and nation building. The theory originated in the 1940s due to the development gap between first-world and third-world countries and aims to help people through ethical, two-way communication rather than propaganda while respecting local cultures.
The document provides guidance for political reporting. It discusses the importance of politics and understanding the perspective of readers. Political reporters should focus on how decisions affect people's lives, cultivate a wide range of sources, and ask probing questions. When writing stories, reporters should include different viewpoints early, provide context and explanation, and write in a way that shows the human impact. The document also discusses common political story types and sources, as well as tips for interviewing politicians and keeping personal views separate from reporting.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a sub-editor in publishing a newspaper or magazine. A sub-editor plays a central role in editing news stories and ensuring factual accuracy and quality writing. The key responsibilities of a sub-editor include selecting and editing news stories, correcting errors, improving writing, rewriting for clarity, translating content, formatting stories for pages, and proofreading before publication. Strong language skills, mental alertness, news judgment, composition ability, and decisiveness are important qualifications for a sub-editor.
This document discusses the importance of sources in journalism and provides guidance on working with different types of sources. It notes that sources provide timely information to reporters and are essential to creating reports. However, reporters must be careful in protecting source identities and maintaining objectivity. The document cautions about types of unreliable sources like liars seeking publicity, hoaxsters spreading misinformation, and promoters pushing agendas. It advises reporters to verify information from multiple sources and be skeptical of leaks and online information. Finally, it outlines different types of sources reporters may use, including other reporters, primary witnesses, documents, and secondary sources like police, while being wary of anonymous tips.
This document discusses various aspects of news editing mechanics. It explains that editing for mechanics involves proofreading work to correct errors in spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. It also discusses selecting and sorting creed material, translating news stories while considering cultural and political contexts, and structuring news stories using techniques like the inverted pyramid or narrative/storytelling approaches. The document notes that rewriting may be necessary when a story contains serious flaws and inaccuracies after initial editing.
This document discusses news values, which are guidelines used to determine what makes a news story worthy of being published or reported. It identifies nine main news values: timeliness, proximity, impact, controversy, magnitude, prominence, currency, oddity/novelty. Each value is then defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it determines the newsworthiness of a story. Timeliness refers to recency, proximity refers to local relevance, and impact, controversy, magnitude, and prominence refer to the number of people affected or interested in a story. Currency tracks issues that remain topics of public interest, while oddity/novelty means unusual or unique stories. These values help journalists decide what is essential, important information to report on
Citizen journalism allows non-journalists to report and share information through writing, blogging, photos, videos, and commentary. It has become significant due to its ability to report news when large organizations are unable to. While it provides immediate perspectives, citizen journalism lacks the training of professional journalists in verification and impartiality. Anyone with internet access can be a citizen journalist by posting online.
The document discusses the concept of gatekeeping, which was coined by Kurt Lewin in 1947 to refer to the process by which certain individuals control the flow of information to larger groups. Gatekeepers decide what messages or content will be allowed to pass through gates or filters to be distributed and consumed by others. The document provides examples of gatekeepers in media like newspaper editors and television news producers. It also discusses how gatekeeping theory has been applied across various fields of study.
Development media theory (Mass communication theory)AribaTanveer
Development media theory refers to using communication to facilitate social development in developing countries. It posits that mass media should support national development programs and nation building. The theory originated in the 1940s due to the development gap between first-world and third-world countries and aims to help people through ethical, two-way communication rather than propaganda while respecting local cultures.
The document discusses different types of radio news based on the target audience and purpose of the radio station. It covers gay radio, public service radio like the BBC which aims to inform and educate, commercial radio which airs advertisements, community radio which serves a local hospital, small-scale college radio, local town radio, regional radio covering a wider area, national radio informing about the whole country, and internet/satellite/cable radio which uses different broadcasting methods.
This document discusses codes of ethics for mass media. It states that codes can help guide appropriate behavior and protect media from criticism. The document then outlines a general code of ethics which includes principles like objectivity, seeking truth, avoiding plagiarism and stereotyping, minimizing harm, and getting multiple sides of a story. It emphasizes accuracy in reporting and fact checking. The next lecture will cover Islamic codes of ethics for media.
1) The document discusses reporting and editing in print media. It defines reporting as the collection of facts about current events through interviews, investigations and observation. Editing is preparing news reports for publication by reading, correcting, modifying and improving the content.
2) A good reporter gathers news from listening, covering events, press conferences, reports and statements, and interviews. Qualities of a good reporter include clarity, objectivity, accuracy and specializing in a particular area.
3) Editing improves readability by condensing and reorganizing content. Hard news and soft news differ in urgency. Features provide in-depth stories while human interest stories focus on individuals.
This document provides 10 tips for producing effective radio bulletins. It discusses the importance of including a variety of topics that are relevant to the audience's lives. It recommends highlighting how issues affect everyday people rather than just focusing on political elites. The document also stresses the importance of including voices of those affected by stories, writing in a clear and concise manner so audiences can easily understand, and ensuring bulletins remain fresh by rewriting and updating content throughout the day. It emphasizes keeping bulletins short and focused so audiences can easily grasp key information.
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
Citizen journalism utilizes social media to improve traditional media by allowing the public to collect, report, analyze and disseminate news and information. Social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, Flickr and YouTube benefit citizen journalists by enabling them to instantly upload and discuss thoughts and news. While speeding the spread of information, social media can sometimes result in misleading news due to human tendencies to embellish stories. However, citizen journalism also fills gaps ignored by traditional media and leads professional journalists to new stories through on-the-spot footage and pictures shared on social networks.
The presentation is a simple breakdown of the theory with examples from an Indian as well as international Media context. The intent of the same is to understand the theory with real life instances of where it is used.
Resume
Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
I am a great communicator, host many seminars, workshops and functions at university level I have great teaching skills where my teachers suggest me to join teaching as a profession I am a g
News gathering involves collecting information from various sources to develop news stories and features. Sources include traditional methods, modern technologies, and communication techniques like interviews. Key sources today include radio, television, newspapers, press releases, and institutions that provide information. Effective news gathering relies on observation, telephone conversations, research, and interviews to verify facts and gather accurate accounts of events.
Codes of ethics are meant to guide journalists and ensure truth, accuracy, impartiality and other standards. They help journalists deal with ethical dilemmas and provide accountability. The codes emphasize getting facts right, presenting all sides, maintaining credibility, and correcting errors. Case studies show how codes can be applied, such as protecting sources in the Watergate story or deciding whether to publish a decades-old accusation before an election. Overall, codes are intended to support ethical journalism and avoid issues like paid news or unnecessary religious provocation.
Herbert Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian professor who coined the phrase "the medium is the message". He proposed that the medium itself, not just the content, should be the focus of study. McLuhan believed that media forms have a greater influence on society than the messages they convey. He argued that new technologies introduce changes in human affairs by accelerating and altering the scale of functions. McLuhan's work highlighted how technological communication advances affect culture and society through their introduction of new media, rather than just their messages.
News values are general guidelines used by media outlets to determine how prominently to report a story. There are eight main news values: (1) timeliness - recent events are prioritized; (2) proximity - local stories rank higher; (3) impact - stories affecting many people are prioritized; (4) controversy - debates and opposing viewpoints increase interest; (5) magnitude - significance in scale or potential impact; (6) prominence - involvement of famous individuals; (7) currency - stories people are currently discussing; and (8) oddity/novelty - unusual events capture attention. Media outlets use these criteria to evaluate newsworthiness.
1. Yellow journalism refers to sensationalized and unethical practices in newspaper reporting from the late 19th century, particularly by Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
2. These newspapers used tactics like exaggerated headlines, scandalous stories, and fabricated reports to increase sales, in a competition that defined the era of "yellow journalism."
3. Notable stories included Nellie Bly's undercover exposés, coverage of the Spanish-American War that helped propel the U.S. into conflict with Spain, and the World's campaign to raise money to build the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty.
Online multimedia journalism is the process of combining text, images, sound, videos and graphics, to tell an interesting story with the use of the new technologies and internet.
McLuhan was a media theorist who believed that media are extensions of human senses and faculties. His most famous work explored how the characteristics of different media shape society. Technological determinism asserts that a society's technology drives cultural and social changes. The movie Inception depicts dreams as extensions of the subconscious mind. Advanced technology allows people to share and explore dreams on deeper levels. Totems help distinguish reality from dreams, while projections are extensions of the subconscious that respond violently if threatened. The film shows how technology can be used to overcome limitations like death but may also risk becoming trapped in endless dreams.
This training module has been written for journalism students preparing for a career in the media. It is written using material from The News Manual and Media Helping Media.
This document provides an overview of media effects research and cultural approaches to media research. It discusses early theories like the hypodermic needle model and minimal effects model. It also covers research methods like experiments, surveys, and content analysis. Cultural studies focuses on how people make meaning through cultural symbols and examines power structures. Key concepts in cultural studies include the public sphere and viewing communication as culture. The document outlines the development of both effects-focused and cultural approaches to media research.
This document discusses the inherent freedom and dignity of humans. It argues that when humans limit themselves based on artificial constraints like social classes, they lose their true humanity. It encourages focusing on our shared identity as God's creation, beyond divisions, and finding freedom through spiritual connection with the divine rather than being bound by worldly restrictions. The document promotes seeing the intrinsic worth in all people.
The document discusses different types of radio news based on the target audience and purpose of the radio station. It covers gay radio, public service radio like the BBC which aims to inform and educate, commercial radio which airs advertisements, community radio which serves a local hospital, small-scale college radio, local town radio, regional radio covering a wider area, national radio informing about the whole country, and internet/satellite/cable radio which uses different broadcasting methods.
This document discusses codes of ethics for mass media. It states that codes can help guide appropriate behavior and protect media from criticism. The document then outlines a general code of ethics which includes principles like objectivity, seeking truth, avoiding plagiarism and stereotyping, minimizing harm, and getting multiple sides of a story. It emphasizes accuracy in reporting and fact checking. The next lecture will cover Islamic codes of ethics for media.
1) The document discusses reporting and editing in print media. It defines reporting as the collection of facts about current events through interviews, investigations and observation. Editing is preparing news reports for publication by reading, correcting, modifying and improving the content.
2) A good reporter gathers news from listening, covering events, press conferences, reports and statements, and interviews. Qualities of a good reporter include clarity, objectivity, accuracy and specializing in a particular area.
3) Editing improves readability by condensing and reorganizing content. Hard news and soft news differ in urgency. Features provide in-depth stories while human interest stories focus on individuals.
This document provides 10 tips for producing effective radio bulletins. It discusses the importance of including a variety of topics that are relevant to the audience's lives. It recommends highlighting how issues affect everyday people rather than just focusing on political elites. The document also stresses the importance of including voices of those affected by stories, writing in a clear and concise manner so audiences can easily understand, and ensuring bulletins remain fresh by rewriting and updating content throughout the day. It emphasizes keeping bulletins short and focused so audiences can easily grasp key information.
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
Citizen journalism utilizes social media to improve traditional media by allowing the public to collect, report, analyze and disseminate news and information. Social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, Flickr and YouTube benefit citizen journalists by enabling them to instantly upload and discuss thoughts and news. While speeding the spread of information, social media can sometimes result in misleading news due to human tendencies to embellish stories. However, citizen journalism also fills gaps ignored by traditional media and leads professional journalists to new stories through on-the-spot footage and pictures shared on social networks.
The presentation is a simple breakdown of the theory with examples from an Indian as well as international Media context. The intent of the same is to understand the theory with real life instances of where it is used.
Resume
Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
I am a great communicator, host many seminars, workshops and functions at university level I have great teaching skills where my teachers suggest me to join teaching as a profession I am a g
News gathering involves collecting information from various sources to develop news stories and features. Sources include traditional methods, modern technologies, and communication techniques like interviews. Key sources today include radio, television, newspapers, press releases, and institutions that provide information. Effective news gathering relies on observation, telephone conversations, research, and interviews to verify facts and gather accurate accounts of events.
Codes of ethics are meant to guide journalists and ensure truth, accuracy, impartiality and other standards. They help journalists deal with ethical dilemmas and provide accountability. The codes emphasize getting facts right, presenting all sides, maintaining credibility, and correcting errors. Case studies show how codes can be applied, such as protecting sources in the Watergate story or deciding whether to publish a decades-old accusation before an election. Overall, codes are intended to support ethical journalism and avoid issues like paid news or unnecessary religious provocation.
Herbert Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian professor who coined the phrase "the medium is the message". He proposed that the medium itself, not just the content, should be the focus of study. McLuhan believed that media forms have a greater influence on society than the messages they convey. He argued that new technologies introduce changes in human affairs by accelerating and altering the scale of functions. McLuhan's work highlighted how technological communication advances affect culture and society through their introduction of new media, rather than just their messages.
News values are general guidelines used by media outlets to determine how prominently to report a story. There are eight main news values: (1) timeliness - recent events are prioritized; (2) proximity - local stories rank higher; (3) impact - stories affecting many people are prioritized; (4) controversy - debates and opposing viewpoints increase interest; (5) magnitude - significance in scale or potential impact; (6) prominence - involvement of famous individuals; (7) currency - stories people are currently discussing; and (8) oddity/novelty - unusual events capture attention. Media outlets use these criteria to evaluate newsworthiness.
1. Yellow journalism refers to sensationalized and unethical practices in newspaper reporting from the late 19th century, particularly by Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
2. These newspapers used tactics like exaggerated headlines, scandalous stories, and fabricated reports to increase sales, in a competition that defined the era of "yellow journalism."
3. Notable stories included Nellie Bly's undercover exposés, coverage of the Spanish-American War that helped propel the U.S. into conflict with Spain, and the World's campaign to raise money to build the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty.
Online multimedia journalism is the process of combining text, images, sound, videos and graphics, to tell an interesting story with the use of the new technologies and internet.
McLuhan was a media theorist who believed that media are extensions of human senses and faculties. His most famous work explored how the characteristics of different media shape society. Technological determinism asserts that a society's technology drives cultural and social changes. The movie Inception depicts dreams as extensions of the subconscious mind. Advanced technology allows people to share and explore dreams on deeper levels. Totems help distinguish reality from dreams, while projections are extensions of the subconscious that respond violently if threatened. The film shows how technology can be used to overcome limitations like death but may also risk becoming trapped in endless dreams.
This training module has been written for journalism students preparing for a career in the media. It is written using material from The News Manual and Media Helping Media.
This document provides an overview of media effects research and cultural approaches to media research. It discusses early theories like the hypodermic needle model and minimal effects model. It also covers research methods like experiments, surveys, and content analysis. Cultural studies focuses on how people make meaning through cultural symbols and examines power structures. Key concepts in cultural studies include the public sphere and viewing communication as culture. The document outlines the development of both effects-focused and cultural approaches to media research.
This document discusses the inherent freedom and dignity of humans. It argues that when humans limit themselves based on artificial constraints like social classes, they lose their true humanity. It encourages focusing on our shared identity as God's creation, beyond divisions, and finding freedom through spiritual connection with the divine rather than being bound by worldly restrictions. The document promotes seeing the intrinsic worth in all people.
In this Slides we will Cover Some Basic Commands and then Permission on User and Other Files in Fie System.
Our Group also Make Compete Course of Linux in Urdu in Future Insha Allah in PPT Format and also in Video or Word and Pdf mean IT related all Format
The document analyzes and summarizes the music video "Bubbles" by the band Biffy Clyro. It discusses how the video uses close-ups of the main band member to portray him as the focal point and help viewers connect to the band. It also discusses how different shot types of the full band create a sense of unity and showcase that the band works best together. The low-key lighting and lack of direct address from the singer add an air of mystery and reflect the darker themes and emotions behind the song lyrics.
Html and css in urdu by muhammad danish irshadMuhammad Danish
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. Staying active also helps maintain a healthy weight and keeps muscles, bones and joints healthy as we age.
This is a beginner guide to computer in Urdu. It will help people who are looking for a newbie guide to computer in Urdu. First steps to know for a newbie to computer.
For more free guides visit: http://titanscomputer.blogspot.com
This document provides an overview of the gender system in the Urdu language. It discusses that Urdu has two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. It outlines some general rules for determining the gender of nouns based on their endings, such as nouns ending in "aa" typically being masculine and nouns ending in "ii" typically being feminine. However, it notes there are exceptions to these rules. The document also provides several examples of masculine and feminine nouns to illustrate how gender is assigned in Urdu.
This document is a 24-page report from MKFC Stockholm College that provides copyright information on the front page and is sequentially numbered from pages 2 through 24, but contains no other substantive text or content on any page.
Learn urdu poetry easily اردو شاعری سیکھیںghulamenabi786
کتاب
آءو شاعری سیکھیں
مفت
حاصل کریں
pdf ،بہہLearn ilm e Arooz ,urooz in urdu ,Shairi Seekhy ,Poetry Seekhy ,Urdu poetry,Urooz o Qawafi ,
GhulameNabi786.blogspot.com
The document contains a single email address, aazzamm@yahoo.com, repeated over 200 times. It also contains a secondary email address, azamm@Urdufanz.com, following each repetition of the first address. No other substantive information is included.
Learn Javascript in urdu
JavaScript is Porgramming Language that used to devloped and design dynamic content for webpages. This Ebook Wrote and Created by Muhammad Danish Irshad.
The document discusses various formats for business letters. It describes the full block format, semi-block format, block format, and modified block format. The modified block format has two variations - indented paragraphs and blocked paragraphs. It also discusses the simplified format and memo format. The goal of using standard formats for business letters is to convey professionalism and help the reader understand the message.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document is a brochure from MKFC Stockholm College from 2007 that promotes the college. It features the college logo and website repeatedly. Some images depict soap, gentlemen, women, and the college graphics designer Olle Lundberg. The brochure promotes MKFC Stockholm College and its website through repetitive branding and images.
Learn Arabic Language for Holy Quran in urdu by Br, Amir Sohailsamadash
This book will provide grammatical learning of the Arabic language to understand the Holy Quran. The book is written in Urdu by Amir Sohail. I have personnaly seen his videos and used his books to learn Arabic Language. His video lectures are available at http://khuddam-ul-quran.com/arabic-grammer/basic-level
Interrogating how the media portrays contemporary religion- The viewpoints.pptxHENRY NEONDO
Religion and media are two strange bedfellows. While the media, particularly those that might be construed as ‘secular’ or commercially orientated appear to want to focus on all other things but religion in their bid to set people’s agenda and shape worldviews by the way they frame issues, it is apparent that this is not possible. Religion seems to permeate every sphere of human life as to qualify a designation of a dominant group within societies. Little ever happens in this world without religion having a hand in it and religion has rightly distinguished itself as a core moral compass of human society. Religion permeates itself in our quest for peace and security, education, economy, family, environment and by extension climate change to name but a few. Religion is firmly embedded in people and their culture that it is just not possible for media to ignore it. In equal measure, religion can hardly function as a moral compass without the technological advances so easily noticeable in the media industry. Thus, there is clearly a demonstratable symbiotic relationship between the two. This study will use a scoping review for a systematic and iterative approach to identify and synthesize an existing or emerging body of literature on media and religion to map out the evolving or emerging topics and identify gaps that could lead to major research undertaking.
Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indi...ijtsrd
Print media is a mass media that serves as a vigilant watchdog in a society. It analyses the latest policies of the government and builds up public opinion, and works as a bridge between people and the government. Media has the power to generate a specific reaction from the public by the way a news story is portrayed. Newspapers have a significant impact on public perception of violent crime, far more than any other news source Paulsen, 2002 . During a conflict, the media plays a crucial role in shaping perception. The ways media constructs discourse vis a vis terrorist attacks needs to be recognized. “The credibility of media messages, their sources, and the messengers communicating those messages, as well as the context within which the messages are delivered, all mediate the influence of news on consumers†Baum and Groeling, 2009 . Since the terrorist attacks, in addition to involving perpetrators and victims, also involves the audience. It can be said that the way news about the attacks is covered has an influence on how the masses perceive the incident. Such attacks have become a common occurrence, however, the focus of the current study is to analyze the discourse that has been generated by the media in the coverage of the Hyderabad blasts. The study also analyses the dissent in Indian print media by analyzing the reportage of the Hyderabad blasts by the four leading Indian English newspapers. Saima Riyaz | Dr Aaliya Ahmed "Discourse and Dissent in the Coverage of Hyderabad Blasts by the Leading Indian English Dailies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21609.pdf
Effective communication is vital for business success as it allows managers to delegate work, provide feedback, and control operations, while good communication can reduce conflict and prevent misunderstandings among employees. Formal communication refers to official channels within a business, while informal communication occurs through unofficial exchanges between employees. Barriers to communication like physical or language barriers can interfere with the transmission of messages if not properly addressed.
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How print media can play its advocacy role in mantaining positive living among those infected and the affected by HIV and AIDS
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become an issue of debate on press freedom and the working condition of reporters following untoward
development on the media space which has become a preoccupation with journalism professional organizations.
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fundamental societal encumbrances. The findings also indicate that a good number of journalists have been
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societyand which is an alarming proportion. More so, there is need for media houses in Nigeria to have safety
policies that will guarantee the smooth operation and safety of journalists. The study recommended training and
retraining of journalists on safety strategies in order to create awareness on safety tips for journalists. The study
also recommended that media organizations in Nigeria should gear up efforts in protecting the rights and lives of
journalists.
KEYWORDS: Journalist, freedom of expression, safety, Protection, Professional organizations
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Al Qur’an as A Media of Journalism for Da’wah
1. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 11, Ver. II (Nov. 2015) PP 92-98
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-201129298 www.iosrjournals.org 92 | Page
Al Qur’an as A Media of Journalism for Da’wah
M.Yoserizal Saragih, S.Ag, M.I.Kom
Faculty of Da’wah and Communication, State Institute for Islamic Studies/IAIN/UIN, Medan, Indonesia
Abstract: The development dissemination of Islam tends to increase through electronic media, as well as print
media. Journalism as a tool has a very powerful effect though it may appear slower, but leaves a deep
impression. The words (text) can be a thing that stimulates the psychological response of man, and it is caused
by several things, that are: a. the beauty of the language. b. clarity of information. c. a very strong logic. 4.
provide hope. 5. provide a warning. The Al-Quran through this journalism namely; Qaulan ma'rufan means the
correct pronunciation, Qaulan Kariman means the polite word (Surah Al-Isra ': 23), Qaulan Maysuran means
appropriate greeting (Surat al-Isra': 28), Qaulan Balighan means greeting appropriate to the circumstances (
Surah An-Nisa: 63), Qaulan Layyinan is gentle greeting.
Keywords: Da’wah; Journalism; Al Qur’an; Media Communication
I. Introduction
Recently, the development dissemination of Islam tends to increase either through electronic media, as
well as print media. Almost every day, even during the holy month of Ramadan, we could follow the
broadcasting of Islam in all national TV stations. Speakers with his style that captivated interspersed with slang
are trendy today supported with depth science they have. Presentation the development of Islam on TV, as the
writer explaines above, is more attractive to the public because it is visual. Beside audio visual, audio is also
can be used to interact the audiences. From these ways, the method of delivery of messages should be packaged
well and beautifully so that the public can receive the result of the presence of the journalism.
Islam means the spread of da’wah. Da’wah does not only mean lecturing as a traditional way, but can
use a variety of modern facilities in other not out of date. The core of da’wah to bring people to Allah can be
achieved. Journalism as a tool has a very powerful effect though it may appear slower, but leaves a deep
impression. The essence of da’wah through journalism does not merely convey messages, but also a particular
focus on what will be happened after finishing reading the media on the results of earlier journalistic product.
For that, man is not only influenced by words but also the power of writing in relation to the language of
da’wah. The words (text) can be a thing that stimulates the psychological response of man, and it is caused by
several things:
1. The beauty of the language
2. Clarity of information.
3. A very strong logic.
4. Provide hope.
5. Provide a warning
Allah says:
Meaning:
"Ask the man to the way of Allah with wisdom and good instruction, and arguing them in a good manner.
Surely your Lord knows the best those who stray from the path. And He knows the best those who receive
guidance ".
Qur'an sees Islam journalism is da’wah through writing in order to spread Islam to the religion of Allah because
the ultimate goal and the process of da’wah journalism is the Oneness of Allah as the only God worthy of
worship.
2. Journalism As A Media Communication Of Da’wah
DOI: 10.9790/0837-201129298 www.iosrjournals.org 93 | Page
Allah says in the Yusuf Verse paragraph 108:
Meaning:
."This is my way (religion), the people and I invite (you) to the God with real proof, all-holy God and I'm not
including the people who are idolatrous.
II. Method of Research
a. Types of Research
The research conducted by the author is a library research means research conducted by the author with
collecting data and materials as well as a variety of sources and literature that supports the discussion which has
been selected.
b. Data Source
Retrieval of data sources in this research, the author takes and obtains data which is divided into two, namely
primary data and secondary data.
The primary data are taken from:
1. Tafsir Al-Maraghi (Ahmad Al-Marahgi, 1974)
2. Tafsir Al-Ahkam (Abdul hakim hasan binjai, 2006)
3. Tafsir Ibnu Katsier (Ibnu katsier, 1993)
4. Tafsir Al-Azhar ( HAMKA, 1996)
5. Tafsir Al-Quran An-Nuur (Haski Ash-Shiddieqy, 1972)
6. Belajar Jurnalistik dan Nilai-nilai Al-qur’an (Amilia Indriyanti, 2006).
While the source of secondary data are:
1. Da’i Bersenjata Pena (Badiatul Muchlisi Asti, 2006).
2. Mahir Berjurnalistik (Z. Bambang, dick, 2006).
3. Jurnalistik Tujuh Menit, Jalan Pintas Menjadi Wartawan dan penulis lepas (Martin Moentadhim S.M,
2006).
4. Jurnalistik Kontemporer (Septiawan Santasa, 2005).
5. Jurnalistik Pembangunan (Dra.S.Rochmath Paparat, 85).
6. Bahasa Jurnalistik (Drs, AS. Hans Sumandiria,, M.Si, 2006).
7. Jurnalistik Teori dan Praktek (Hikmah Kusumaninggrat, 2006).
8. Hukum Komunikasi Jurnalistik (M. Djan Amar, 1984).
9. Tafsir Al - Qur’an (Mahmud Yunur, 2000).
10. Dinamika Komunikasi (Onong Uchjana Efendi, 2001).
11. Politik Komunikasi Harmoko dan Rakyat ke Panggung Politik (Fachry Au, dkk, 1997).
12. Hubungan Masyarakat Studi Komunikologis (Onong Uchjana Efendi, 2002).
13. Psikologi Dakwah (Abmad Mubarok, 2001).
14. Pers Bebas tapi Dilibas (J. Anto, dkk, 2005).
15. Wawasan Dakwah (Abdullah, M.Si, 2002).
16. Main-main dengan Teks (Hemowo, 2004).
17. Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi (Hafied, 2004).
18. Aku Menulis Maka Aku Ada (H.Zainal Arifin Thoha, 2005).
19. www.Akubisamenulis (PIP PP IRM, 2007).
III. Discussion
A. Meaning of Da’wah Journalism
Etymologically, journalism comes from the word jour. In French, jour means records or daily reports.
So the meaning of journalistic is the activity which is associated with the recording or daily reporting. In the
dictionary, journalism is defined as activities for preparing, editing, writing for a newspaper, magazine or other
periodical issue.Based on the lexicon formulated on communication, the definition of journalism is the work of
collecting, writing, editing and spreading of the word and essays for newspapers, magazines and other mass
media such as radio and television.
Fraser. Bond F in An Introduction to Journalism says that journalism is all forms that make news and
reviews regarding news to the observer group. Roland E. Wolseley in Understanding Magazines mention that
journalism is gathering, writing, interpretation, processing, and dissemination of general information, opinions
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observer, general entertainment systematically and reliably for publication in newspapers, magazines, and
broadcast in the broadcast station.
B. Islamic Journalism
Mass-media of Islamic journalism does not mean belong to Islam or Islamic press. For media who claims
Islamic journalism does not mean the news contents of Islamic news, as well as Islamic societies do not reflect
as an Islamic society (in accordance with Islamic values). Thus, Islamic journalism and Islamic mass media are
two different ‘worlds’ even though there is a close connection between the two.
Islamic journalism refers to the process or journalistic activity based on the Islamic values. While the
Islamic mass media is the product of a process of journalistic activity which is generally in the form of da’wah
or set of journalistic with raw material concept of Islamic teachings which has no relation to the values of
Islam.
All Islamic media that contains news and articles of Islam, may not be regarded as Islamic journalistic if the
style of language has a ‘bad writing’, not in accordance with the rules of journalism, or even editorial policies
tend to attack other Muslim groups to damange ukhuwah Islamiyah.
C. Elements of Journalism in the Qur'an
Qur'an contains many elements of jurnalistism. Among them, there are four that are considered most
urgent in activities of journalism, namely: fairness, accuracy, free of charge, and constructive criticism.
1. Fairness
When journalists deliver the message, it should not be separated from the elements of compliance
according to the ethics. Jongen Westerstahi suggested a view of objectivity includes factuality, truthfulness,
relevance and impartiality. He is sure that not all elements apply in all cases have the same degree, or presented
in a similar way. Fairness itself includes several elements:
a. Honesty in Communications
In the Qur'an, this honesty can be termed a mandate, ghair altakdzib, shidq, al haq. If the journalist
follows these ethics, they will not give information in a lie, or known as lahw al 'hadith and al-ifk. The term
lahw al 'hadith can be translated as a lying story. While al-ifk word implies false news.
b. Impartiality (Al-Adl)
Al-adl in Islamic term means to give something that is rightfully or take something equally. Another
meaning is the same fair and balanced in a reward, such as qishasil, diyat, and so on. The word fair is also said
to be opposed of dzulm. He is judged to be tyrannical. In Al-Qur'an, the word al-adl with any change in shape is
repeated 28 times. Among others in Surat Al-An'am verse 152.
This means:
"And when you say something, you shall be fair, even though he is your relative and thus fulfill God's promise
that God commanded you so that you can remember".
The problem of the Muslim is a matter of speaking fair.It means having to communicate (exchanging
information) with a completely impartial, balanced and of course in accordance with the right of person.
2. Accuracy of Information
Allah says:
Meaning:
O ye who believe! Be ye truly enforcement of justice, bearing witness because God even against yourselves,
parents or even your family. If he is rich or poor, then God knows for his welfare. Do not follow your desires
because you want to deviate from turth. And if you distort words or reluctant to be witnesses, then Allah is
knowledgeable of what you are doing.
In other to deliver true, valid and accurate news, a journalist must perform a search to various sources of news.
Find some witnesses who have certainty known whether the news is true or not. So function of journalism as
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truth of enforcement authorities can run. To achieve the accuracy of the data and facts as material information to
be conveyed to the public, required careful study by the personal hygiene, especially journalists so it is known
as investigative reporting.
IV. Free and Responsible
In acquiring and conveying the truth, journalists must have freedom. But this freedom is limited by
the sentence of qad tabahhana al-rusyd min al-ghayi, and the aspects of the truth which is mentioned by the
God is al-urwat al-wutsqa. In verse 36, Surah Al-Isra ', Allah affirmed in the Qur'an, which means:
Meaning:
"And do not follow what you do not have hear about it. Truthfully, knowledge, observation and conscience, all
of which will be held to account (responsibility)".
V. Constructive Criticism
Conveying that right is right and wrong is wrong, is a human being personal hygiene tasks. The goal
simply wants to improve the situation into the good situation.
The Qur'an describes the task of telling the truth is a command that must be carried out either by individuals
(individual) or group (collective). Further confirmed, every believer is asked to carry out an obligation in the
form of work to persuade others to do good (al-khair), gets someone else to carry out good (al-ma'ruf) and
forbids people to do bad things (al-munkar).
D. Characteristics of Islam Language Journalism
All journalistic activities is a missionary movement, with a record of what is written or published. The
news which is published by a journalist is something that is da’wah, calling on the good and forbidding in the
unjust. The journalist should use a polite language that reflects the da’wah.
There are few characteristics which becomes the distinguishing between the language used by the
common journalistic compared with Islamic journalism, namely: simple, short, solid, straightforward, clear,
clean, attractive, democratic, populist, logical, grammatical, avoid using words which is only understood by
certain gourps such as "Atok” which means grandfather, avoid using foreign terms, using an appropriate word
choice (diction), giving priority to active sentences, and finally as far as possible avoid to technical terms and
must subject to the rules of ethics.
1. Simple
Simple means always prioritizing and selecting a word or phrase that is most widely known by an audience or
readers who are very heterogeneous, in terms of intellectual level as well as demographic characteristics.
2. Brief
Brief means directly to the subject matter (to the point), not long-winded, do not spin, and do not waste the
reader's time is very valuable.
3. Solid
According to Patmoko, SK, senior editor of Rays of Hope in the book of Journalism Techniques, solid in
journalistic language means every sentence and paragraphs must consist of a lot of important and interesting
information for the audience. It means there is a clear distinction between short sentences and phrases.
4. Unadorned
Means straightforward, unambiguous, avoiding euphemisms or smoothing words and sentences.
5. Clear
Clear means easily captured intention which is not diffuse and vague. As an example, black is a clear color,
white is a clear color, but when these two colors put colesely it is a clearer which one is called black and
which one is white.
6. Transparent
Transparent means honest, sincere, does not hide anything such as prejudice or slander.
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7. Interesting
Language journalism must be interesting. Exciting means able to generate interest and borders audience
of readers, triggering appetite read, and make people who are asleep, awake instantly. Language journalism rests
on the principle of exciting, true and raw.
8. Democratic
One of the most prominent characteristic of language journalism is democratics. Democratic means
language journalism is not familiar with the language level, rank, caste or other distinction and greet parties as
found in the grammar of Sundanese and Javanese.
9. Populist
Populist means any word, term or any sentence contained in the works of journalism should be familiar in the
ears, eyes, and minds of an audience or readers. Language journalism must be populist, means acceptable and
familiar to all levels of society.
10. Logic
Logic means anything contained in words, terms, sentences or paragraphs journalism should be acceptable and
not contrary to common sense.
11. Grammatical
Grammatical means words, any term or phrase used and selected in language journalism must follow standard
rules of grammar.
12. Avoid using Speech language
Speech language is the word commonly used in everyday conversation informally. Speech language is words
that are spoken in the coffee shop, including a city bus, or in the market.
13. Avoid using foreign words and terms.
14. Choice an appropriate word (diction).
15. Stresses at active sentence.
Active voice is more easily understood and more preferably by an audience or readers rather than the passive
voice.
16. Avoid using technical terms.
17. Subject to the rules of ethics.
E.Journalism as Media Communication of Da’wah
Many years ago, journalism is a simple technique to communicate to create reports. But now, it si
known widely and deeply discussed. Journalism itself does not directly come into the world in coincide with
the printing press invented by Guttenberg. But we should understand that communication in journalism and the
printing press turns out to have a close relationship that appears in our world.
Science communication or now it is popular with the term of journalism is growing rapidly in the
period of entering the over half a century. It has not been long when compared to other social sciences such as
law or sociology. The development of science communication is not directly coincide with the birth of the print
media.The development of science communication depends on the situation and condition. Furthermore we can
actually see that science communication / journalism recognized as a science because after doing long time
research and finally it is fulfill the requirements to be a science with specific objects; systematically; methods;
universal. It is determined later that the science is rooted in skill retorica at the time of Aristotle's life and
achieves its rapid development in the period Cicero.
In ancient Greece, The study of Publication/Communications has been practiced and discussed as a
skill or technique to connect with other people. From the explanation above, it can be drawn that journalism can
be used as a medium of communication that is the masses, because the results and journalism is up to the
community then becomes the consumption of the masses, thus forming public opinion.
Effects or responses will be seen some time later, because journalism is a communication process that does not
only have a profound effect but slightly slower.
Qur'an also gives a very privileged position to journalists who conveys a message through his preaching as the
best people, God said:
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This means:
You are the best people are born to men, sent to the ma'ruf, and prevent what is wrong, and believe in Allah. If
the Booker believed, it would have been better for them, among them there are believers and most of them are
people who are wicked.
F. Message of the Quran About Dakwah Bil-Kitabhah (Journalism)
Al-Quran is the holy book of useful and as the main reference of Muslims, but it is also in response to
the problems faced by Moslem daily. Koran as a guide and reference for human life in general and Muslims in
particular is also a material object da’wah that is why the discussion about the Koran certainly can not be
separated from the discussion of da’wah.
Literally, the da’wah of Islam can be interpreted as calling people to pro-Islamic. Meanwhile, according to the
terminology of science da’wah, Islamic da’wah is interpreted as a way to bring people wise to the beaten path in
accordance with the command of God, for the benefit and happiness of the world and the hereafter.
From the above description implies three things that are important in the implementation of the da’wah of Islam.
If you want always have meaningful to humans, first invited in a way that is done in accordance with the
conditions of the object of da’wah. If not, it will lose its appeal in the development of society.
Second, humans are very diverse as its object or plural of the various aspects of life, so that awareness of the
condition of the object pluralistic da’wah must be taken into consideration by a preacher when he formulates his
message. Plurality in global community, so that any value will be developed in the community must consider
such as diversity.
G. Journalism in the Qur'an
The rapid flow of information makes the world of journalism increasingly important amongst the
people. In the context of the country and journalism, the public becomes aware of information about what is
being done by the government. Especially news that directly relates to the rights of the people, besides the is the
phrase "the public has a right to know".
The existancy of journalism is really rooted in the society. The public should know all information that
is increasingly sophisticated with the flow of the times that continues rapidly from day to day in the law of
human rights (Human Rights Act), the right to receive information properly protected as to which article 19,
which states "everyone has the right and freedom to possess and convey opinions as well as information.
In this case, freedom includes to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, impart information and
thoughts through any media and do not see boundaries. But once freedom is also to be seen and the other side
must not be violated rights of personality.
The position of journalism is very important in Moslem society. The effect is also vary, and the Qur'an always
offers a solution to all the problems facing people throughout the ages, not to mention the problem of
journalism. Many elements and values that can and should be explored as stated in the Qur’an.
Meaning:
"O ye who believe, when it comes to you people who are wicked brings a message, then check carefully, so that
you can inflict a disaster to a people without knowing the circumstances that causes you regret for the act".
VI. Conclusion
Qur'an as the Muslim holy book used as a guide to life makes the position of journalism as a medium
of mass communication. The result of this journalism to the community becomes the consumption of the people
to shape public opinion. This proves that journalism can be used as mass media.
From the research and observations made by researchers, it can be concluded that there are some basic
concepts offered by the Al-Quran through this journalism namely; Qaulan ma'rufan means the correct
pronunciation, Qaulan Kariman means the polite word (Surah Al-Isra ': 23), Qaulan Maysuran means
appropriate greeting (Surat al-Isra': 28), Qaulan Balighan means greeting appropriate to the circumstances (
Surah An-Nisa: 63), Qaulan Layyinan is gentle greeting (Surah Ta Ha: 44).
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Al-Quran contains of many journalistic elements which can be divided into four namely: (1) fairness accuracy
(to be fair), (2) the accuracy of the information, (3) Responsible, and (4) constructive criticism.
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