This document provides an overview of managerial accounting. It discusses how managerial accounting provides information for internal managers, compared to financial accounting which provides information to external parties. Key aspects of managerial accounting covered include planning, controlling, and decision making. The document also discusses how the business environment has changed with trends like just-in-time and total quality management, requiring more from managerial accounting. Finally, it outlines the code of ethics for management accountants from the Institute of Management Accountants, focusing on competence, confidentiality, integrity, objectivity, and resolving ethical conflicts.

1. Managerial Accounting
Oleh
Bambang Kesit
Program Studi Akuntansi,
Islamic University of Indonesia,
Yogyakarta
2010

2. Managerial
Accounting
dan
Lingkungan
Bisnis
Bab 1

3. Managerial Accounting and
Financial Accounting
Managerial accounting
provides information
for managers of an
organization who
direct and control
its operations.
Financial accounting
provides information
to stockholders,
creditors and others
who are outside
the organization.

4. Work of Management
Planning
Controlling
Directing and
Motivating

5. Planning and Control Cycle
Decision
Making
Formulating Long-and
Short-Term Plans
(Planning)
Measuring
Performance
(Controlling)
Implementing
the Plans
(Directing and
Motivating)
Comparing Actual
to
Planned Performance
(Controlling)
Begin

6. Differences Between Financial
and Managerial Accounting
Financial Managerial
Accounting Accounting
1. Users External persons who Managers who plan for
make financial decisions and control an organization
2. Time focus Historical perspective Future emphasis
3. Verifiability Emphasis on Emphasis on relevance
versus relevance verifiability for planning and control
4. Precision versus Emphasis on Emphasis on
timeliness precision timeliness
5. Subject Primary focus is on Focuses on segments
the whole organization of an organization
6. Requirements Must follow GAAP Need not follow GAAP
and prescribed formats or any prescribed format

7. Expanding Role of Managerial
Accounting
Increasing complexity and
size of organizations
Rapid development and
implementation of technology
Regulatory
environment
World-wide
competition
Increased
emphasis
on quality
Factors that
increase the need for
managerial accounting
information

8. The Changing Business
Environment
A more competitive
environment emphasizing:
 Higher quality products
 Lower prices and costs
 Global competition
 Meeting and anticipating
customer needs
Business environment
changes in the past
twenty years

9. The Changing Business
Environment
Just-In-Time
Total Quality
Management
Process Reengineering
Theory of Constraints
New tools for
managers!

10. C o r p o r a t e O r g a n iz a t io n C h a r t
P u r c h a s in g P e r s o n n e l V ic e P r e s id e n t
O p e r a t io n s
T r e a s u r e r C o n t r o lle r
C h ie f F in a n c ia l
O f f ic e r
P r e s id e n t
B o a r d o f D ir e c t o r s
Organizational Structure
An organization is a group of people
united for a common purpose.
An organization is a group of people
united for a common purpose.

11. The Controller
The chief accountant in an organization
with responsibility for:
– Financial planning and analysis.
– Cost control.
– Financial reporting.
– Accounting information systems.
The chief accountant in an organization
with responsibility for:
– Financial planning and analysis.
– Cost control.
– Financial reporting.
– Accounting information systems.

12. Importance of Ethics
in Accounting
• Ethical accounting practices build trust and
promote loyal, productive relationships with
users of accounting information.
• Many companies and professional
organizations, such as the Institute
of Management Accountants (IMA),
have written codes of ethics which
serve as guides for employees.

13. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Competence
Confidentiality
Integrity
Objectivity
Resolution of Ethical Conflict
Competence
Confidentiality
Integrity
Objectivity
Resolution of Ethical Conflict

14. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Follow applicable laws,
regulations and
standards.
Prepare complete and clear
reports after appropriate
analysis.
Maintain
professional
competence.
Competence

15. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Do not disclose confidential
information unless legally
obligated to do so.
Ensure that subordinates do
not disclose confidential
information.
Do not use
confidential
information for
personal
advantage.
Confidentiality

16. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Avoid conflicts of interest
and advise others of
potential conflicts.
Recognize and
communicate personal and
professional limitations.
Do not subvert
organization’s
legitimate
objectives.
Integrity

17. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Integrity
Avoid activities that could
affect your ability to
perform duties.
Communicate
unfavorable as well as
favorable information.
Refrain from
activities
that could
discredit the
profession.
Refuse gifts
or favors
that might
influence
behavior.

18. IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Objectivity
Communicate information
fairly and objectively.
Disclose all information
that might be useful to
management.

19. Resolution of Ethical Conflict
Follow established policies.
For unresolved ethical conflicts:
– Discuss the conflict with immediate superior.
– If immediate superior is the CEO, consider the
board of directors or the audit committee.
– Except where legally prescribed, maintain
confidentiality.
IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants

20. Resolution of Ethical Conflict
Clarify issues in a confidential discussion with
an objective advisor.
Consult an attorney as to legal obligations.
The last resort is to resign.
IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants

21. TERIMA KASIH