This document discusses commonly used disinfectants and their effectiveness against bacteria. It defines disinfectants and antiseptics, and their uses on living vs. non-living surfaces. The document outlines three levels of disinfection - low, intermediate, and high - and provides examples of commonly used disinfecting chemicals like alcohols, phenols, halogens, quaternary ammonium compounds, and their mechanisms of action against bacteria. It emphasizes the importance of handwashing and disinfection to maintain health.

1. Discuss the commonly used disinfectants and
their relative efficiency against the bacteria
MADE BY :-
SUNIL KUMAR
AJEET KUMAR
MANISH KUMAR
MONOJ KUMAR
Vikesh Kumar

2. PURPOSE
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The purpose of this project
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what is disinfection.
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Level of disinfection
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how many types of disinfection.
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which disinfectant would most effectively kill
bacteria.

3. PURPOSE
l
The purpose of this project
l
what is disinfection.
l
Level of disinfection
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how many types of disinfection.
l
which disinfectant would most effectively kill
bacteria.

4. WHAT IS DISINFECTANT
Disinfectants are liquid substances that kill germs or
bacteria on non-living objects.
They are usually chemicals used to clean clothes,
rooms, dishes, and utensils. They are also used to help
hospitals and care units stay clean and free of germs.
The common disinfectants used in households aren’t as
effective as the ones used in hospitals or care units to
stop diseases.

5. WHAT IS ANTISEPTICS
Chemical disinfectants which
can safely applied to living tissues and are
used to prevent infection by inhibiting the
growth of microorganisms.

6. ANTISEPTICS V/S DISINFECTION
ANTISEPTICS:-
Use on skin and mocous membranes to kill microorganisms.
Not for use on inanimate objects.
DISINFECTION:-
Use to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.
Not for use on skin or mucous membranes.

7. Chemicals agents
A variety of chemicals agents are used as antiseptics
and disinfectants.
Factors influencing the potency of a disinfectant:
 Concentration
 Time of action
 PH
 Temperature
 Nature of organism
 Presence of organic matter

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LEVEL OF DISINFECTION

9. LOW LEVEL DISINFECTION
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Many organisms can survive on exposure to
these disinfectants.
–Used for items which come in contact with the
patients but they do not penetrate into tissues.
–Stethoscopes, ECG electrodes etc.

10. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTION
• May not effective against spores
• Includes alcohols, iodophores and phenols
• Used for:
–Laryngoscopes
–Fiber optic endoscopes

11. HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION
• Glutaraldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, peracitic acid and
chlorine compounds.
• Effectiveness may be equal to that of sterilisation.
• Used for:
l Endoscopes
l Cystoscopies
l Surgical instruments with plastic components

12. EXAMPLE OF DISINFECTION

13. Alcohols :-
–Ethyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol are
commonly used.
–Act by denaturing of bacterial proteins.
–No sporicidal and virucidal activity.
–Used as skin antiseptics.
–Isopropyl alcohol is preferred to Ethyl alcohol
as it is better fat solvent, more bactericidal
and less volatile.

14. Alcohols :-

15. Phenols:-
• first introduced the use of phenol ( Carbolic acid) in
surgery (1867).
• Produced by distillation of coal tar between
temperatures of 170°C and 270°C.
• Commonly used Phenol derivatives are
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cresol
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chlorhexidine
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chloroxylenol
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hexachlorophanes

16. Synthetic phenol surface disinfectant.

17. Cresols :-
• Lysol is a solution of
cresols in soap.
• Active against a wide
range of organisms.
• Uses:
1.Cleaning of floors
2.Disinfection of excreta

18. Chlorhexidine:-
–Eg.Savlon – (Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide)
–More active against Gram positive than
Gram negative
–Good fungicidal activity.
–No action on spores and
–little activity against viruses

19. Chloroxylenol :-
–Eg.dettol
–Less toxic and less
irritant.
–Readily
inactivated by
organic matter
–Inactive against
pseudomonas.

20. Hexachlorophane:-
• More active against Gram positive than Gram
negative bacteria.
• Bacteriostatic at high dilutions.
• Applied on skin as prophylaxis against
staphylococcal infections.
• Potentially toxic and should be used with care.

21. Halogens:-
4.Halogens:
l Chlorine
l Iodine
Commonly used
disinfectants
Bactericidal,
sporicidal and
virucidal

22. Chlorine :-
Bleaching powder,
Disinfection is due to release of free chlorine.
Reacts with water to form hypochlorus acid .
Used in water supplies, swimming pools, food and
dairy industries.

23. Iodophors:-
Iodophors are disinfectants that include
iodine. They are used to clean hospital
surfaces like tables and beds,and also to
disinfect food preparation
equipment.

24. Iodophor surfaces disinfectant.

25. Iodine :-
l Used as skin
disinfectant.
l Bactericidal and
moderate action on
spores.
l Betadine is one
example.

26. The anionic compounds:-
:
• E g :- common soaps,
• Have strong detergent but weak
antimicrobial properties .
• These agents are most active at acidic ph.
• Effective against Gram
• organism

27. Bleach:-
Bleach is a relatively inexpensive and highly effective
disinfectant. It not only cleans up dirt and mold, but also
kills some of the most dangerous bacteria,
However, bleach is also one of the most harmful
disinfectants to human health and has been linked to
respiratory problems and birth defects. Bleach should not
be used on the skin.

28. Quaternary ammonium compounds
Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in
lots of common household cleaners. They are
used as disinfectants and as detergents.

29. Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are fast-acting
disinfectants. They disinfect quickly and effectively. They
are used mostly by hospitals to clean the surgical tools
and other medical devices.

30. Fig. 20-13 Fast-acting high-level disinfectant.

31. l
Wash your hands!!!
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(When???)

32. l
When you’re at common places…

33. Conclusion
Health is very important. Getting a sickness from
bacteria can happen in an unhealthy environment.
Using a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria is an
important way to stay healthy.

34. END OF PRESENTATION

35. THANK YOU