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ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS
This presentation discusses antiseptics and disinfectants used to destroy or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms. It defines key terms like antiseptics, disinfectants, sterilization and provides examples. Antiseptics are used on living surfaces like skin while disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces. Various classes of antiseptics and disinfectants are described such as aldehydes, phenols, alcohols, heavy metals, chlorines, iodophores and cationic surfactants. Specific antiseptics discussed include formaldehyde, cresol, ethanol, mercury compounds, chloroxylenol, povidine-iodine and chlorhexidine
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ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS
- 1. MICROBIOLOGY PRESENTATION BY:-MOIN KHANHUSSAIN UID:-14BBT1129
- 2.
- 3. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS •Germicides • Antiseptics • Disinfectants • Sterilization • Decontamination • Sanitization • Pasteurisation • Preservation
- 4. DEFINITION DISINFECTANTS –are thosegermicides or chemical substances which are used to destroy or inhibit the growth of pathogenic vegetative bacteria (not their spores) on inanimate (n0nliving )surfaces such such as glassware or surgical instruments • Ex. Formaldehyde, phenols, ethyl alcohol, soaps ANTISEPTICS-are those germicides or chemical substances which are used to destroy the pathogenic bacteria (not the spores) on animate/ living) surfaces such as skin mucous membranes
- 5. DEFINITION • STERILIZATION- isthe process that kills all the living micro-organisms including spores, viruses and fungi. • DECONTAMINATION- means marked reduction or destruction of viable pathogenic organisms to a level that will allow a healthy persons natural defenses to prevent any infection. • SANITATION- means reduction in microbial load from an inanimate surface to a level set forth by public health department.
- 6. DEFINITION • PASTEURISATION- isa process of heating milk or other liquids or semisolids for about 30min at 60- 80 c, which kills the non-sporulating micro- organisms and prevents the growth of food borne pathogens for specific period of time
- 7. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTISEPTICS Actby precipitating bacterial protiens Aldehydes –formaldehyde,glutaraldehyde Phenols –cresol,lysol,chloroxylenol Alcohols –ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol Heavy metals-silver nitrate,zinc calamine
- 8. ACTING BY COMPLEXINGWITH SULFHYDRYL(SH) GROUPS OF BACTERIAL ENZYMES Mercurial antiseptics-mercurochrome, nitromersol Act by oxidising the sulfhydrl(SH) group by bacterial enzymes Chlorophores-chlorinated lime, chloramine- T,sodium hypochlorite Iodophores –Povidine-iodine, Tincture iodine Oxidising agents-Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, peracetic acid
- 9. ACT BY ALTERINGTHE PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE • Cationic surface active agents • -chlorhexidine, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride Miscellaneous agents Dyes-Acriflavine,Aminacrine,Gentian violet Others –nitrofurazone, Boric acid
- 10. ALDEHYDES Spectrum-G+ve ,G-ve,bact’l spores, . viruses, fungi Formaldehyde-37% aqueous soln-formalin 4-5%-preserve dead tissues -pungent odour ,sensitization Glutaraldehyde-is pungent, used as immersion disinfectant
- 11. PHENOLS • -broad spectrum–G+ve ,G-ve,tubercle baccilli,viruses,fungi • Cresol-is a mixture of methyl alcohol • -surface disinfectant • Lysol-50% soapy emulsion of cresol • Chloroxylenol-Non-corrosive, • Dettol -4.8% Chloroxylenol, 9% terpinol,13%- Alcohol
- 12. PHENOLS • Eugenol –antimicrobialand analgesic Hexachlorophene-accumulates in skin, -cutaneous absorption and neural toxicity Triclosan-chlorinated biphenol antiseptic Anti-inflammatory
- 13. ALCOHOLS Ethanol andisopropyl alcohol Spectrum-G+ve, G-ve, tubercle baccilli, viruses,fungi -they are not sporicidal Damage-corneal tissue, mucous membrane,ulcers HEAVY METALS-Thiomersal Silver nitrate eye drops, Silver sulfadiazine-suppress bacterial growth
- 14. ZINC SALTS • Zincsalts-mild antiseptics • Zinc sulphate-eye drops • Zinc oxide+calamine Acts by complexing with sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups of bacterial enzyme Inorganic and organic Mercurochromme-weak antiseptic Nitromersol –also mercurial antiseptic
- 15. CHLORINES AND CHLOROPHORES •Chlorine –effective at 0.25 ppm • Used to disinfect drinking water • Sodium hypochlorite solution-(Naclo) unstable ,5% -inanimate objects Dakins solution-(surgical chlorinated soda solution ) Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)-30-35%
- 16. CHLORAMINE-T • Organic chlorophore,less irrritant, stable • skin antisptic ,treatment of drinking water Oxidising agents Hydrogen peroxide -broad spectrum germicide,cleaning wounds, Abscesses, removing slough. 10-20%-sporicidal H2o2 –respirators aclrylic resins
- 17. Gentian violet-roseaniline dye, G+ve bacteria and fungi.0.5-1%-chronic ulcers Furan derivatives Nitrofurazone-G+ve, G-ve ,aerobic &anaerobic b’a, inhibit carbohydate metabolism 0.2% cream –burn dressing Boric acid-bacteristatic, weak antiseptic bladder irrigation and burns dressing
- 18. THANK YOU!!!!! MOIN KHANHUSSAIN UID:-14BBT1129