This document discusses air pollution by defining it, outlining its causes and effects, and providing suggestions for prevention. It defines air pollution as the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere that are detrimental to human health and the environment. The major causes are identified as the burning of fossil fuels, industrial emissions, transportation, construction, agriculture, waste burning and indoor air pollutants. The effects include negative impacts on human health like respiratory diseases, as well as environmental damage through acid rain and ozone depletion. Suggestions for prevention focus on reducing emissions from vehicles, industry and other major sources.

1. INTRODUCTION
• AT THE END OF TH E SESSION WE WILL CONCLUDE THE POiNTS.
• [1] WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION
• [2] CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
• [3] EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
• [4] HOW IT CAN BE PREVENTED
• [5] CASE STUDY

2. {1} WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION
• SIR POLLUTION REFERS TO THE RELEASE OF THE POLUTANTS INTO THE AIR POLLUTANTS WHICH ARE
DETRIMENTAL TO HUMAN HEALTH AND PLANTS AS WHOLE.
• AIR POLLUTION IS THE PRESENCE OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCE IN ATMOSPHERE THAT ARE HARMFUL TO
HUMAN HEALTH AND OTHER LIVING BEINGS.
• THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIR POLLUTIONS , SUCH AS GASES (AMMONIA, METHANE, CARBON
DIOXIDE, CARBONO OXIDE , NITROUS OXIDE). PARTICULATES(BOTH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC
HARMFUL SUBSTANCES) AND BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES.
• AIR POLLUTION MAY CAUSE DISEASES , ALLERGIES AND EVEN DEATH TO HUMAN’S ; IT MAY ALSO CAUSE
HARM TO OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS SUCH AS ANIMALS AND FOOD CROPS AND MAY DAMAGE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ( FOR EXAMPLE CLIMATE CHANGE , OZONE DEPLETION) BOTH HUMAN
ACTIVITIES AND NATURAL PROCESSES CAN GENERATE AIR POLLUTION.

4. • AIR POLLUTION IS A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR A NUMBER OF POLLUTION RELATED DISEASES ,
INCLUDING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, HEART DISEASE , STROKE , LUNG CANCER.
• INDORE AIR POLLUTION AND POOR URBAN AREA QUALITY ARE LISTED AS TWO OF THE WORLD’S
WORST TOXIC POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN THE YEAR 2008.
• BLAKSMITH INSTITUTE REPORTED WORLD’S WORST POLLUTED PLACE.
• OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION ALONE CAUSES 2.1 TO 4.21 MILLION DEATH PER YEAR.

5. • OVERALL AIR POLLUTION CAUSES DEATH’S OF AROUND 7 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE EACH YEAR
AND IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST SINGLE ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH RISK.
• THE SCOPE OF THE AIR POLLUTION.
• CRISIS IS ENORMOUS : 90% OF WORLDS POPULATION BREATHS DIRTY AIR TO THE SOME DEGREE.
• ALTHOUGH THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCEARE EXTENSIVE , THE WAY THE PROBLEM IS HANDLED IS
OFTEN HAZARDOUS.

6. {2} CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
• THE RISING NUMBER OF AIR POLLUTANTS HAS MADE BREATHING FRESH , CLEAN AIR NEXT TO
IMPOSSIBLE.
• CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION HAS LEFT EVERYONEWORRIED ABOUT THEIR HEALTH .
• AS POLLUTANTS IN THE AIR CANNOT BE SEEN WITH OUR NAKED EYES , WE DON’T REALIZE THE SOURCE
OF THE INTERESTINGPOLLUTION LEVEL.

7. THE BASIC CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
[1] THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS.
• MOST OF AIR POLLUTION TAKE PLACE DUE TO BURNING OF FOSSIL FUEL SUCH AS COAL , OIL ,
GASOLINE TO PRODUCE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICITYOR TRANSPORTATION.
• THE RELEASE OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN HIGH LEVEL INDICATES HOW MUCH FOSSIL FUEL IS BURNED.
• THIS ALSO RELEASE OTHER TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN THE AIR.
• INHALING AIR INDUCED WITH POLLUTANTS DUE TO THE BURNING OF NATURAL GASSES AND FOSSIL
FUEL ETC REDUCES HEART’S ABILITY TO PUMP ENOUGH OXYGEN CAUSING ONE TO SUFFER
RESPIRATORY ILLNESS.

9. [ 2] INDUSTRIAL EMISSION
• INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIESEMIT SEVERAL POLLUTANTS IN THE AIR THAT AFFECTS THE AIR QUALITY MORE
THAN EVEN WE CAN IMAGINE.
• PARTICULATE MATTER 2.5 AND 10 , NITROGEN DIOXIDE , CARBON MONOXIDE , SULFUR DIOXIDE , ETC
KEY POLLUTANTS ARE EMITTED FROM INDUSTRIES USE COAL AND WOOD AS THE PRIMARY ENERGY
SOURCE FOR PRODUCTION OF THEIR FOODS.
• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH POUR HEALTH CAN RANGE FROM IRRITATION IN
YOUR EYES , THROAT TO BREATHING ISSUES , AT TIME CAN EVEN LEAD TO CHRONIC ILLNESS.

11. [3] TRANSPORTATION
• THERE IS DENYING THAT VEHICLE POLLUTION IS THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTER TO THE AIR POLLUTION.
• ESPECIALLY IN THE URBAN CITIES WHEN THE CAR BURN GASOLINE IT EMITS POLLUTANTS IN THE AIR
WHICH IS HARMFUL AS SMOKING 10 CIGARETTES A DAY .
• WHEN VEHICLE POLLUTION IS HIGH IN THE ATMOSPHERE IT CREATE A HOLE IN OZONE LAYER
CONTRIBUTING TO SMOG AND CAUSING VARIOUS HEALTH ISSUES.

13. [4] INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
• USE OF TOXIC PRODUCT ALSO CALLED AS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ( VOC,s) , INADEQUATE
VENTILATION, UNEVENTEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY LEVEL CAN CAUSE INDOOR AIR POLLUTION.
• WHETHER ARE YOU AT OFFICE , SCHOOL , OR AT YOUR COMFORTABLEHOME.
• HOUSE AIR POLLUTION CAN TAKE PLACE DUE TO IGMORANT FACTORS , FOR INSTANCE SMOKING
TOBACCO INSIDE A ROOM , OR LEAVING MOLD INFECTED WALL UNTREATED, WHICH CAN DIRECTLY
AFFECT THE HEALTH OF A PERSON IN NO TIME .

15. [5] WILDFIRE
• CLIMATE CHANGE IS NOT JUST INCREASING WILDFIRE BUT ALSO SPIKING AIR POLLUTION , BURNING
STUBBLE AND FORMS RESIDUE, IT ALSO A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO WILDFIRE.
• IT CAUSES INCREASED PARTICULATE MATTER 2-5 IN THE AIR WHICH COLLIDES WITH OTHER HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES LIKE CHEMICAL GAS POLLEN CREATING SMOG.
• SMOG MAKES THE AIR HAZY AND PEOPLE FIND IT DIFFICULT TO BREATH.

17. [6] MICROBIAL DECAYING PROCESSES
• MANUFACTURING CHEMICAL AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES RELEASE A LARGE NUMBER OF CARBON
MONOXIDE, HYDROCARBON CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH CONTAMINATE OUR
ENVIRONMENT.
• BACTERIA AND FUNGI PLAY A FUNDAMENTALROLE IN THE BIOCHEMICAL IN NATURE.
• BREATHING TOXIC GAS LIKE METHANE MAY LEAD TO DEATH .

19. [7] OPEN BURNING GARBAGE WASTE
• OPEN BURNING OF GARBAGE WASTE IS MUCH MORE HARMFUL TO YOUR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
THAN ONE MAY THINK , AS PER ENHAGE EPW DELHI AIR POLLUTION IS CHOKING PUBLIC HEALTH.
• DELHI GENERATES A WHOOPING 9500 TONE’S OF WASTE EVERYDAYWHICH MAKE IT INDIA’S SECOND
WASTE DUMPING CITY .
• EXPOSURE TO OPEN BURNING OF GARBAGE WASTE CAN POSE SERIOUS HEALTH RISKS INCLUDING
CANCER , LUNG ISSUES, IMPAIRMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM , REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS ,CAN ALSO
AFFECT THE DEVELOPING NERVOUS SYSTEM.

21. [8] CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
• DURING CLEAN AIR MOVEMENTCENTRALPOLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ( CPCB) REGISTERED THE
HIGHEST NUMBER OF AIR POLLUTION COMPLAINTSIN DELHI NCR DUE TO CONSTRUCTIONAND
DEMOLITIONACTIVITIES.
• WITH THE RISE OF POPULATION IN THE CITY , CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION IS THE PART OF
EVERGOING DEVELOPMENTPHASE OF NATIONAL CAPITAL.
• SEVERAL CONSTRUCTION SITES AND RAW MATERIALS SUCH AS BRICKS AND COCRETE CAUSE HAZE AND
FOUL AIR WHICH IS HAZARDOUS FOR THE PEOPLE SPECIALLY CHILDREN AND ELDERLY CITIZENS.

23. [9] AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
• AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESHAVE HAD A SERIOUS IMPACT ON DECREASING AIR QUALITY TO BEGIN
WITH PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS ARE THE MAIN SOURCE OF CONTAMINATETHE SURROUNDING AIR .
• NOWADAYS PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS ARE MIXED WITH NEW INVASIVE SPECIES WHICH ARE NOT
FOUND IN NATURE FOR QUICK GROWTH OF THE CROPS AND VEGETATIONS.
• ONCE THEY ARE SPRAYED OVER , THE SMELL AND EFFECT OF THE PESTICIDESARE LEFT IN THE AIR SOME
ARE MIXED WITH WATER AND SOME SEEPS INTO THE GROUND WHICH NOT ONLY DESTROYS, BUT ALSO
CAUSES NUMEROUS BREATH RELATED ISSUES.

25. [10] USES OF CHEMICALS AND SYNTHETIC
PRODUCT’S
• TALKING ABOUT AIR POLLUTION WE ALWAYS CONSIDER OUTDOOR POLLUTANTS DANGEROUS FOR OUR
LIVES BUT , NEVER TALK ABOUT INDOOR AIR POLLUTION HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT CAUSE INDOOR
POLLUTION.
• WHICH IS ABOUT 10 TIMES MORE HARMFUL THAN OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION.
• VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ( VOC,s) FOUND IN PAINTS , CLEANETS AND PERSONAL CARE
PRODUCTS SUCH AS PERFUME AND DEODRANTSARE A REASON FOR COMMON HEALTH ISSUES RISKS
LIKE ASTHMA OR OTHER RESPIRATORY ISSUES AND LUNG DISEASE ARE OTHER ISSUES CAUSED BY
INHALING POOR HOUSE AIR QUALITY.

27. {3} EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
• [A] EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
[B] EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
. [C] CROPS AND FOREST DAMAGE

28. [A] EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
• EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH VARY DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF POLLUTANTS AND
OTHER FACTORS
# TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
{1} SMOG AND SOOT
{2} HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

29. 1.HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
• MERCURY , LEAD , DIOXINE AND BENZENE THIS ARE ALSO MOST OFTEN EMITTED DURING GAS OR COAL
COMBUSTION IN THE CASE BENZENE FOUND IN GASOLINE.
• (1) BENZENE.
• BENZENE CLASSIFIED AS A CARCINOGEN BY EPA.
• BENZENE CAN CAUSE EYE , SKIN , AND LUNG IRRITATION IN SHORT TERM AND BLOOD DISORDERS IN
LONG TERM.

31. • (2) DIOXINS
• MORE TYPICALLY FOUND IN FOOD BUT ALSO PRESENT IN SMALL AMOUNT IN AIR.
• IT CAN AFFECT THE LIVER IN SHORT TERM AND HARM IMMUNE , NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINESYSTEM
AS WELL AS REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS.
• (3) MERCURY
• ATTACKS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
• LEAD
• IT CAN DAMAGE CHILDREN BRAIN AND KIDNEY AND EVEN CAN AFFECT THE CHILDREN IQ.

32. 2. SMOG AND SOOT
• THESE ARE THE MOST PREVALENT TYPE OF AIR POLLUTION.
• (1) SMOG (GROUND LEVEL OZONE).
• OCCURS WHEN EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTING FOSSIL FUELS REACT WITH SUNLIGHT.
• SMOG CAN IRRITATE THE EYE AND THROAT AND DAMAGE THE LUNGS ESPECIALLY THOSE OF CHILDREN
AND SENIOR CITIZENS THOSE WHO WORK OUTDOOR.
• THIS EXTRA POLLUTANTS CAN INTENSIFY THEIR SYMPTOMS AND TRIGGER ASTHMA.
• ATTACKS.

34. (2) SOOT ( PARTICULATE MATTER)
MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES OF CHEMICALS , SOIL , SMOKE, AND DUST , OR ALLERGENS IN THE FORM OF
EITHER GAS , SOLIDS THAT ARE CARRY IN AIR .
• THE TINIESTAIR BORN PARTICLES , IN SOOT ARE ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE THEY CAN
PENETRATE THE LUNGS AND BLOOD STREAM AND WORSEN BRONCHITIS LEAD TO HEART ATTACKS AND
HASTEN DEATH.

35. [B] EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT
• 1) ACID RAIN.
• ACID RAIN IS PRECIPITATION OF CONTAININGHARMFULAMOUNT OF NITRIC ACID AND SULPHURICACID.
• THIS ACIDS ARE FORMED PRIMARILY BY NITROGEN OXIDE AND SULPHUROXIDE RELEASE IN THE ATMOSPHERE
WHEN FOSSILFUELSARE BURN.
• (2) OZONE DEPLETION
• OZONE IS A GAS THAT OCCURS IN EARTH’S UPPER ATMOSPHERE KNOWN AS STRATOSPHERE.
• OZONE FORM A LAYER THAT PROTECT THE LIFE ON EARTH FROM HARMFUL UV RAYS..
• BUT THIS OZONE IS GRADUALLY GET DESTROYED BY MANMADECHEMICALS REFFER TO AS OZONE DEP Ll
eating SUBSTANCEARE CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,HYDROFLUOROCARBONS ANDHALONS.
• THESE SUBSTANCESWERE FORMLY USED IN COOLANTS , FOAMINGAGENT, FIRE EXTINGUISHER.

37. [C] EFFECTS ON CROPS AND FOREST DAMAGE
• AIR POLLUTION CAN DAMAGE CROPS AND TREES IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, GROUND LEVEL OZONE CAN
LEAD TO REDUCTIONS IN AGRICULTURAL CROP AND COMMERCIALFOREST YIELDS , REDUCED GROWTH
AND SURVIVABILITY OF TREE SEEDLINGS , AND PLANTS SUSCEPTIBILITY , TO DISEASE PEST AND OTHER
ENVIRONMENTALSTRESSES {SUCH AS HARSH WHETHER}.
• AS DESCRIBED ABOVE CROP AND FOREST DAMAGECAN ALSO RESULT FROM ACID RAIN AND FROM
INCREASED UV-RADIATION CAUSED BY OZONE DEPLETION.

38. { 4} HOW AIR POLLUTION CAN BE PREVENTED
• THERE ARE NUMBER OF WAYS TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION.
• [1] RIDING A BIKE OR WALKING INSTEADOF DRIVING.
• [2] TAKING A BUS OR CAR POOLING.
• [3] BUYING A CAR THAT HAS GREATER FUEL EFFICIENCY.
. [4] TURNING OFF LIGHTS AND APPLIANCES WHEN THEY ARE NOT IN USE.
[5] USING ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHT BULBS AND APPLIANCES.
[6] BUYING FEWER THINGS THAT ARE MANUFACTUREDUSING FOSSIL FUELS.

39. {4} CASE STUDY OF KOLKATA AIR POLLUTION

54. PRESENTED BY BPHARM 1ST YEAR SEM II STUDENTS
GROUP {ROLL NO 16 -DHIRENDRA .H.TIWARI
17- DINESH . D. NAIK
18- DIPAK .D. BHALEKAR
19- GANESH .S. PARKHEDE
20- GAURAV .P. MIRGE }