Artificial intelligence (AI),the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, is an oxymoron in itself.Reason being that we homosapiens, struggle to comprehend the reasons behind our own consciousness, more often than not turning to the metaphysical for answers. So we can’t really expect this to be created at the hands of humanity anytime soon.However the recent developments in AI have been quite promising: Microsoft launched Kinect for Xbox 360,the first gaming device to track human body movement and Narrative Science successfully created a computer program ‘Quill’ that analyses numerical data such as sports scores or financial earnings to write a news story Hence in this paper, AI is seen with a new perspective and it’s present day scenario and future implications in terms of consciousness ,are discussed.
3. Artificial intelligence (AI) - the intelligence
exhibited by machines or software, is an
oxymoron in itself. (McCarthy, 1855) Reason
being that we homo sapiens, struggle to
comprehend the reasons behind our own
consciousness, more often than not turning
to the metaphysical for answers. So we can’t
really expect this sentience, to be created at
the hands of humanity, in the form of AI.
Hence, even though this form of science has
been around for several decades now,
researchers want to rethink the very way we
look at this field
AI IN USE,ON A DAILY BASIS
-Virtual Personal Assistants
(Apple’s SIRI,Google’s Google Now
and Microsoft’s CORTANA)
-Microsoft says that Cortana
“continually learns about its user”
and that it will eventually develop
the ability to anticipate users’
needs.
-They Answer questions asked in
the user’s voice-“What’s on my
schedule today?”
-Tailor made for speech
recognition
4. FOUNDERS OF AI
-Ada lovelace
-Charles Babbage
-Alan turing
-Isaac Asimov (3 laws of robotics)
-John McCarthy and Marvin
Minsky of Darthmouth
conference( A machine can be
made to simulate Human
Intelligence)
-Fictional arena-Frankenstein by
Mary shelley
The "Turing Test" is a popular
notion derived from the dual
father of computer science
and AI, Alan Turing's
renowned 1950 research on
Computing Machinery and
Intelligence (Turing,1950). In
the paper, Turing talks about
an Imitation Game in which a
human judge is pitted against
a computer and a human to
see whether they can tell
them apart using only text
conversation through a
terminal.
5. • RELATES TO ONLY EMULATING HUMAN MIND
(DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EMULATING THE ACTIONS AND
ACTUAL ACTIONS OF HUMAN BEINGS)
• In Weak AI,a set of pre-programmed rules are applied to
any task,in order to reach a successful fulfillment.Simply
put,it’s a large set of “if this,then that” rules of
rationality.More actively used today,this AI is more
practical.
• FOCUSES ON ONE NARROW TASK THAT IS FED IN THE
MACHINE
First-person shooters like Far
Cry and Call of Duty also make
significant use of AI, with
enemies that can analyze
their environments to find
objects or actions that might
be beneficial to their survival;
they’ll take cover, investigate
sounds, use flanking
maneuvers, and communicate
with other AIs to increase
their chances of victory.
6. -RELATES TO THE HUMAN MIND ITSELF(INDEPENDENT )
-Being a restless genius,Rav speaks of a future where the
rapid advances in weak AI would accelerate to such an
extent that genetics and nanotechnology would
collaborate in the medical field, to create tiny super docs.
-These programmed NANODOCS (intelligent agents)
would be injected in the human body,quickly scanning
and diagnosing the problem,without thinking “freely”.
To err is human and in case of any logical errors,direct
repurcussions can be death. The question here
arises:what if they are conscious or can think ‘freely’ and
reprogram themselves and then treat the unconscious
patient?
STRONG AI COMES INTO ACTION HERE
Innocent users did regard
steam engines as
mechanical beasts only to
be disappointed to discover
that all they were was a
lifeless mechanism that just
did what it was designed to
do and no more.
So it is with most areas of
AI.
7. -French philosopher René Descartes
proposed the notion of "cogito ergo
sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), the
idea that the mere act of thinking
about one's existence proves there is
someone there to do the thinking.
-It is the state of being awake and
aware of what is happening around
you, and of having a sense of self.
8. MACHINE LEARNING IS A TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WHICH PROVIDES
MACHINES AN UNCANNY
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND DATA AND TAKE FURTHER ACTION,WITHOUT BEING EXPLICITY
PROGRAMMED.THE PROCESS INITIALLY BEGAN BY LOOKING FOR PATTERNS ON DATA.
THEN THE MACHINE BEGAN TO USE THIS DATA TO ADJUST ITS OWN ACTIONS,THUS
CHANGING AND GROWING
EXAMPLES:
-LIQUID NOTES (COMPUTER
GENERATED MUSIC)
-THE PAINTING FOOL APPLICATION
-PAGE KICKER
-IBM COOKING
9. Google’s self-driving car
project and Tesla’s “autopilot”
feature are two examples that
have been in the news lately.
Google will be testing that
same intelligence in driving
games before moving onto the
road. The idea is that,
eventually, the car will be able
to “look” at the road ahead of
it and make decisions based
on what it sees, helping it
learn in the process.
10. -RECENTLY,THE ALPHA GO PROGRAM(google
deepmind),A MACHINE WHICH HAS LEARNT
THE GAME BY BEING FED MKILLIONS OF
INSTANCES OF GO matches,in addition to
playing against tweaked versions of itself,beat
the world GO champion 4-1.
-The highlight of this victory was that the
computer played a certain,unexpected move in
the second round which proved to be excellent
as the game progressed.
-This brought back the futuristic idea into
focus:that machines can also be creative!
How else can the machine surprise us by a
move which goes against all that we knew
about the game.
11. A child and mother are made to sit on one side of the table.On the other side,say A and B, are
seated.The table has a toy hammer with a button.B makes a big show of the toy,presses the button
and places it back.A jingle of sorts plays from it,exiting the child.Now it’s A’s turn but this time there
isn’t any sound.B takes it back but this time, the sound plays.With A,again,it doesn’t.
Now they give the toy to the child, leave a replica toy on the table and leave the room. The child
presses the button but no sound. He looks confused for some time and passes it to his
mother,probably hoping for a solution.
Then this scenario was replicated with a slight change.With a new guinea pig and his mother seated
on the table,it begins in the same way.But instead of getting help from their respective mothers,most
of kids reach out to the new toy.They have possibly understood that maybe,just maybe something is
wrong with the toy.
Simple aint it? This means that the toddler,whom we assume has a bottom up understanding of
what’s happening in the world,actually on some leve;,is able to make decisions based on data and
probability.This indeed is a startling fact which puts into perspective everything that has been tried till
now.
by Laura Schulz,associate professor
of cognitive science in
the Brain and Cognitive Science department(MIT).
