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4. • The word robot was derived from the
Czech word robota – forced labor or work.
• A robot is a mechanical, artificial agent
and is usually an electromechanical
system.
• The robot is able to autonomously,
according to the program, or under the
control of a man running, most
dangerous, difficult and laborious, and

5. Agricultural Robotics is the
logical proliferation of
automation technology into
biosystems such as agriculture,
forestry, green house,
horticulture etc.
In agriculture, the opportunities
for robot-enhanced productivity
are immense – and the robots are

6. •Robots can move and sense.
•They require multiple sensors and controls that allow
them to move in an unknown environment.

7. In the fully-automated Farm of the Future, dedicated robots
will take on the tough farming jobs that once could be done
only by people.
It is not just on the ground that technology promises to
transform farming. Unmanned Air Vehicles, or drones, are
also coming into play on farms.

9. *Sustain domestic agriculture
*Facilitates 24/7 operations
*Improves safety
*Reduces labor needs
*Reduces chemical usage

10. TYPES OF ROBOTS

11. Demeter (used for harvesting)
Weed control robot
Forester robot
Fruit picking robot
Drones
Agriculture robot suit

12. Forester robot Fruit picking robot

13. Robots can work 24 hours a day, every day with no
breaks.
Robots don’t need to be paid wage (so money is
saved).
Robots are extremely accurate compared to humans,
so product quality is high.
Robots can perform tasks more quickly than humans,
so more products can be made.
Robots can work in very dangerous conditions.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS
Robots cannot easily adapt to unusual conditions like a
human being can (e.g. if an item on the line is not in correct
place, a human worker would notice and correct it).
People are made unemployed because robots are doing their
job.
Robots are very expensive and it can take several years to
pay for them.

15. Study focuses on the economic feasibility of
applying autonomous robotic vehicles
compared to conventional systems in three
different applications: robotic weeding in
high value crops (particularly sugar beet),
crop scouting in cereals and grass cutting on
golf courses.
OBJECTIVE

16. METHODOLOGY
• In all three scenarios, we compared the costs
and potential benefits of the potential
commercial use of autonomous vehicles with
conventional operations and management
practices.

17. Case 1 : Fieldscouting
• In the field scouting scenario, we compared autonomous field scouting for
weeds in cereals with the manual detection of weeds.
• The autonomous system requires an API vehicle and cameras for weed
detection and mapping.
• The vehicle has a height clearance of 0.6 m and track width of 1 m.
• It is equipped with a Real Time Kinematics-Global Positioning System (RTK-
GPS) and, on the top of the frame, there is an operating console and an
implement for the agricultural operation, e.g. spraying or weeding tools.
• The vehicle communicates with the farm management PC for navigation,
according to the computed route plan, as well as collision avoidance .

18. • An aluminium frame,
• Four wheel-drive,
• Four-wheel steering with two motors per wheel, one
providing propulsion and the other steering to achieve
higher resistance to slippery terrains and more mobility

19. COST STRUCTURE for robotic system
Cost structure € / YEAR RUPEES/YEAR
Capital costs 951 67,360.05
Depreciation 3,802 2,69,298.53
Maintenance 1,141 80,817.89
GPS- RTK signal yearly fee 1615 1,14,391.67
GPS- RTK signal costs,
variable costs
156 1,1049.60
Additional cost for fuel
loading
135 9,562.15
Total costs 7,799 5,52,409.06
Total cost €/ha/year – 15.6 (1,104.96 rs/ha/year)

20. Cost structure for conventional system
• Labour costs for manual weed detection
0.72h/ha/year (Pedersen 2003) at 27€/h – 19.4
(1374.12 rs)
• Total costs, €/ha/year - 19.4 (1374.12 rs/ha/year)

21.  There are many advantages to robotics as well as controlling the high
cost of labor.
 The jobs in agriculture are a drag, dangerous, require intelligence and
quick, though highly repetitive decisions hence robots can be rightly
substituted with human operator.
 The higher quality products can be sensed by machines (color,
firmness, weight, density, ripeness, size, shape) accurately.