This document discusses the selection, preparation, and planting of various planting materials. It describes selecting seeds, seedlings, bulbs, corms, and suckers based on factors like origin, quality, size, and health. Preparation methods are explained, including breaking seed dormancy, soaking, dressing, inoculation, and chitting. The main planting propagation techniques are then outlined as sexual propagation using seeds and asexual propagation methods like cuttings, division, layering, grafting, budding, and tissue culture. The advantages of tissue culture techniques are highlighted.

1. Welcome
players!

2. prayer

3. PLANTINGMATERIAL
SELECTION,PREPARATION
ANDPLANTINGMETHOD
Group4BSA–2nd YearPresentation

4. introduction
Planting material refers to seeds, seedlings,
corms, or stem cuttings. If you fail to select the good
planting material or plants for your garden, you
cannot expect a better outcome from those planting
materials. That's why it's very important for you to
select the best planting material or seeds for your
garden.

5. PLANTINGMATERIAL
SELECTION
PARTI.
How to select the best planting
material?

6. Differentplantingmaterials
1. Seeds
2. Seedlings
3. Stem cuttings
4. Corms
5. Bulbs
6. Suckers

7. Theselectionofthebestseeds
Seeds that you select for your garden should be always
 Free from weed seeds and free of viral borne diseases. That's why
it is always recommended to buy seeds from authenticated
companies or sellers
 Whatever seeds you select, should grow in your region or climatic
conditions where you live.
 And you have to consider the germination percentage also. You
can go for selecting seeds with a germination percentage of more
than 90%.

8. Selectionofbestseedlings
1. Consider theoriginofseedling from
where theyhavegrown
If the seedlings are from Himachal
Pradesh and you are living in Rajasthan,
you can't purchase them to grow
successfully. Because those seedlings were
adapted to the low-temperature region so
they can't grow well in the high-
temperature region. That's why once check
with the shop keeper, from where did they
bring the seedlings.

9. Selectionofbestseedling
2.Consider morphological quality
The seedling should be good at
the morphological quality (appearance)
and physiological quality (ability to
adapt well to your climate & grow).
Seedlings should not be broken, leaves
should be green & healthy, and should
have the healthy root growth. It should
not be physically damaged. This means
no damage to any part of the plant. So,
observe these features before buying
the seedlings.

10. Selectionofbestseedling
3.Robust shoot androot
growth
Next feature to
consider is the well-
developed leaves, twigs, and
roots. Do not select the slow-
growing plants, with small
leaves.

11. Selectionofbestbulbsandcorms
Bulbs and corms are mainly used for the propagation of flowering
plants, tuberous crops, and bulbous crops. To get more flowers,
 Select the healthy and mature bulbs/ corms.
 Pay attention to size (Select bigger size corms): for getting
healthy plant growth, you have to select the bigger sized bulbs
and corms.
 Slightly squeeze the bulbs & corms. If they are soft, do not
select those bulbs & corms.
 The next point to consider is, always avoid bruised bulbs

12. Selectionofbestsuckers
For some of the plants, you must use suckers for multiplying them. For
example, bananas, lilac, red raspberries are propagated or planted through
suckers. It is worth discussing how to buy a robust and healthy sucker of
your favorite plant. While buying banana suckers consider the shape of their
leaves. Do not select broad leaved sucker plants. Suckers with sword shaped
leaves should be selected.
 Do not buy small suckers.
 Do not buy suckers that may contain insects like weevils and nematodes
 If you buying banana suckers check the pseudo stem. The stem of the
banana is called the pseudo stem. If that stem has some dark
discolorations do not buy those plants. Because it may be due to some
pests and diseases. If you buy such plants and bring home, it may
spread the disease to the other plants.
 Select the suckers that have sword shaped leaves instead of broad-
leaved ones as broad-leaved plants may not perform well and result in
less yields.

13. Preparationof
planting
materials
Partii.
What are the process in
preparing the planting
materials?

14. After the planting materials are selected, they are
prepared in different ways before they are planted. Some
of the methods used to prepare planting materials include
thefollowing:
1. Breaking the seed dormancy
2. Soaking in water
3. Seed dressing
4. Seed inoculation
5. Chitting (sprouting)

15. 1.Breakingtheseeddormancy
Some seeds undergo a dormancy period
between maturity and the time they sprout. The
dormancy period is the stage whereby a seed
cannot germinate, the stage of inhibited
growth of seed. It should be broken
before the seed is planted.

16. Methodsofbreakingseeddormancy:
Mechanicalmethod Heattreatment Chemicaltreatment
- Aims at scratching the
seed coat to make it
permeable to water
- Scarification is done by
rubbing small sized
seeds against hard
surface such as
sandpaper, while filling
or nicking the seed coat
with a knife is done to
large sized seeds such as
croton seeds.
- This involves the use of hot water
or burning the seeds lightly
- It softens the seed coat making it
permeable to water and thus can
germinate.
- The seeds are soaked in hot
water about 80’c for 3-4 minutes
after which the water can drain
off.
- Same as light burning process
but overheating should be avoided
as this will cook the seeds.
- Seeds are dipped in
specific chemicals such as
concentrated sulfuric acid,
for two minutes and then
removed.
- The chemical wears off
the seed coat making it
permeable to water.
- Should be taken extra
care to prevent killing the
embryo.

17. 2.Soakinginwater
Seeds are soaked in water for a
period of between 24 — 48 hours until
they swell. They are then removed and planted
immediately. The seeds treated thus germinate
very fast. Pre-germinated seeds are used
when raising rice in the nurseries.

18. 3.Seeddressing
This is the coating of seeds with fungicides or an
insecticide or a combination of the two chemicals. This is
particularly common with cereals, sugarcane, and legumes.
The chemicals protect the seedlings from soil-borne diseases
and pests. Certified seeds which are sold by seed merchants
in Kenya have been dressed in these chemicals. Farmers can
also buy the chemicals and dress their own seeds.

19. 4.Seedinoculation
Seed inoculation is the practice of covering
the seed surface with a nitrogen-fixing bacteria
(Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium) prior to planting.
The bacteria penetrates the root, resulting in the
formation of root nodules that fix nitrogen
from the air and make it
readily available to the plant.

20. 5.chitting
This practice is also referred to as sprouting. Also referred
to as greensprouting, chitting is a method of
starting the seed germination process before
the seeds meet the soil. Chitting most
commonly refers to potatoes, but the process
is easily adapted to just about any type of seed.
Chitting is done mainly to make
sure that growth commences immediately, the
seed is planted to make maximum use of
rains for high yields.

21. Howaboutotherplanting
materials?
Use of stem cuttings. Farmers obtain cuttings from an
established crop before or just after the harvest of
storage roots. The cuttings are either used to establish
a maintenance field, or directly for planting the next
sweet potato crop.

22. Plantingmethods
Partiii.
What are the different
methods of plant
propagation?

23. Methodsof PlantPropagation
We all desire to create a small garden and decorate our home with
beautiful and fascinating indoor plants. However, many of us have failed to
understand how we can we do this. Some of us buy plants from cultivators or
garden centers or nurseries but fail to maintain them! This costs us a lot of
money. We will deal with these problems one by one.
In this presentation, we are going to tell you the seven methods of plant
propagation that will help you to create your own small kitchen/home garden
and save your money. These seven methods include: seed propagation, cutting,
layering, division, grafting, budding, and tissue culture technique.

24. Credits: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics
& images by Freepik.
Whatdowemeanbypropagation?
Propagation is simply multiplication or production
of plants, which you can do by using your own plants!
Because of the commercialization of crops, several
techniques have been developed to grow plants.
All techniques are designed to achieve specific
goals, like uniformity in crops, increased productivity,
disease-resistant plants, and plants with desired
characters.
Please keep this slide for attribution

25. Mainlythesetechniquesaredividedintotwo
categoriesdependingonthemeansof
propagation:Sexualmeansofpropagationand
asexualmeansofpropagation.
Let’shavealookateachofthemindetail.

26. Sexual vs. asexual
Sexual propagation of plants involves
the union (fertilization) of pollen and
egg leading to seed formation. So, it
can also be called ‘seed propagation’.
Asexual propagation of plants can also be called
‘vegetative propagation’ because it involves the
use of vegetative parts of plants like leaves,
stems, roots, or modified organs.
These techniques are commercially exploited
mainly to produce horticulture plants
It’s an old, easy, simple, and effective
technique for ornamentals or
flowering plants, vegetables, fruits,
and medicinal plants.
It’s the best method to use to clone your plants,
which means to produce plants identical to their
parents.
It allows for genetic diversity in plant
species and creates new varieties
and cultivars of plants. Also, seeds
can be stored for a long period of
time.
It involves methods like cutting, division,
layering, grafting, budding, and tissue culture
techniques. These techniques are commercially
exploited mainly to produce horticulture plants

27. Differenttechniquesinasexualpropagation
1.cutting
3.layering
2.division
4.grafting
6.Tissueculture
5.budding

28. 1.cutting
This is cutting the
vegetative part of the plant
(leaf, stem, and root) and then
planting it again to regenerate
the whole plant. The three
types of cutting are named
after the plant part being
detached/cut:
a. Stem cutting
b. Leaf cutting
c. Root cutting

29. 2.division
This is a suitable
technique for perennials (plants
that live for more than two
years). It involves dividing the
plant by digging and moving it to
an already prepared site. This
helps the plant to rejuvenate
and reduce water and nutrient
competition.

30. 3.layering
In this technique, the
attached and bent branch of
the plant is covered with soil
and allowed to root. After the
emergence and development
of roots that specific part of
the plant is cut and allowed to
grow as a new plant. This is
called ‘layering’.

31. 4.grafting
This involves cutting a
twig of one plant and joining it
with the stem of another plant
in such a manner that they
form a unit and function as
one plant. It is a bit of a
complex process but allows
you to bring the desired
character to your plant.
However, be sure to sterilize
your hands and tools to make
sure you don’t transfer any
infections during the process.

32. 5.budding
In this method, a
cut is made in the rootstock
and a single bud with little
or no wood is inserted into
it in such a way that they
unite and grow as a new
plant

33. 6.Tissueculture
This is the most
recent and advanced
technique in which plant
tissues are grown in media
under controlled and sterile
conditions/environments.
It is extensively used
for commercial purposes to
produce clones of plants or
mass produce plants. It also
provides several advantages
over all the traditional
methods explained above.

34. AdvantagesofTissueculturetechniques
It allows to produce clones or exact copies of the mother plant.
Plants with desired traits or characters can be grown using this technique.
It is beneficial in propagating plants without seeds.
It allows the production of plants in a shorter period of time compared to traditional
techniques.
Plants that are difficult to grow by traditional methods can be grown by this method.
Disease-free plants can be produced.
Mass production of plants is possible with this technique.
Enhance productivity.
Easy transportation of plants.
Which technique you should choose depends on what type of plant you want to
propagate, the purpose of your propagation, and how much time and effort you can put
into the process. So, make your choice and get started working on your greeneries!

35. $45,600,000
Congratulations! You finished the game!
Here’s your reward!

36. https://www.trustbasket.com/blogs/how-to-grow/selection-of-
planting-materials
https://schoolportalng.com/preparation-of-planting-materials/
https://www.plantcelltechnology.com/blog/seven-methods-of-plant-
propagation/
References:

37. Thankyoufor
listening!