1. The document discusses the power, identity, politics, and policies of language. It examines the position and role of English in India before and after independence. 2. English gained prominence in India under British rule as the language of the rulers and education. Post-independence, English continued to be associated with higher status and education. 3. The power of a language depends on its ability to be understood widely both spoken and written. A language of power tends to be standardized, have both written and spoken forms, be used internationally, and be highly valued. 4. A language helps form identities as people use it to communicate. How non-native speakers use a language shapes