This document discusses teaching English in Pakistan. It begins by stating that English has become a global lingua franca and is taught in Pakistan up to the college level. It then defines language and discusses the key components of language including semantics, phonetics, syntax, and morphology. It outlines some of the main functions and aspects of language study such as phonetics, phonology, grammar, and semantics. The document also discusses some of the challenges of teaching English in Pakistan, including psychological factors, outdated textbooks, and the relationship between language learning and the learner. It concludes by outlining some of the objectives of teaching English in Pakistan.
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3. Introduction
• English has become a lingua franca in the 21st
century. It is read spoken and taught almost all
over the world, it is a language of
communication, research, business, politics
etc in addition to online world of internet. In
Pakistan, English is considered as an official
language it is taught as a compulsory subject
to college level, higher education is is
imparted in English in all disciplines.
4. Definition of language
• Language is defined as a system of
conventional spoken or written symbols by
means of which human beings, as a matter of
social groups and participants in its culture
communicate.
6. Cont.
• This definition of language refers to all the
significant components of language
• Semantics
• Phonetics
• Syntax
• Morphology
7. Functions of language
• Each language is a working system of communication
in the period and the community where it is used
• It is a product of its past history
• It is a source of future development
9. Phonetics and phonology
• Phonetics is the study of the production and
perception of speech sounds,
• phonology concerns the study of more
complex and abstract sound patterns and
structures (syllables, intonation, etc.)
11. semantics
• Language exist to be meaningful
• Study of meanings both is theoretical terms
and in reference to a specific language is
called semantics.
• It embraces meaningful functions of
phonological features, grammar structure and
the meaning of individual words.
12. Perception of language
• Perception is the process by which the sounds
of language are heard, assimilated and
understood.
• 1) psychologically and mentally normal person
acquires in childhood the ability to make the
use, as both speaker and hearer of a system of
vocal communication. This system comprises
of a set of noise and movements of cavity
13. • Different systems of vocal communication
different languages
• Normally people are monolingual and second
languages are learned to different degree of
competence under various conditions
• Human language has productivity, creativity and
infinite quality as compared to other creature
• Arbitrariness
• Concept of past and future
14. Problems of teaching English in
Pakistan
• Psychological problems
• Related to psyche
• Original definition of psychology is the study
of soul later stated as mind and consciousness
• It is a study of behaviour and mantel process
• It deals with different aspects like mantel,
environmental and socio-cultural
• Absence and presence mantel process
15. Dead concepts about English
• Language of enemies of Islam
• No interest
• Poor domestic environment linguistically
• Strict parents
• Poverty and low economic status leads toward
inferiority complex
17. Study material/ textbooks
• Rigid course, no teacher authority to change
• Each school has it own syllabus
• Curriculum wing is sole authority
• Out dated syllabus
• No actual activity just covering the syllabus
21. Relationshiop b/w the language, the
learning, the learner
• Teacher should understand this relationship
• Language in the past ( a rule governed behaviour)
• Language in present ( a dynamic and complex
phenomenon not only based on grammatical
rules)
• Login says, people learn the same material in
different ways.(different styles of learning)
• Learners are active agent to learn attitude and
expectations
22. Principles for effective language
learning
• Structure and lexicon should be presented in the
context
• Special attention to discourse features of language
• Learner needs and their differeces
• Use of different strategies in language learning process
• Process of language learning should be learner
centered, like active participation and developing their
cognitive and interpersonal skills
• Consider that book is the only one source of input to
student
23. Bilingualism
• Mastery in two languages
• Native and primary language of culture
• L2 language is the basic asset of a child. It is
his behviour, communication, achievement
and fulfillment. It’s a biological, psychological
and social fulfillment
• L2 language learning is directly linked with L1
• L1 is used in the classroom as teaching
technique for L2 learning
24. Code switching
• Code switching occurs when a speaker use
alternates within two or more languages in a
single conversation
• It is help full in handling difficult situation in
language learning process
• Negating the child’s first language mean
negating the child
25. Objectives of teaching English
language
• Use of that language effectively in various
situations
• Knowledge of one language helps to learn
other
26. General aims by Pakistan (1-V)
• Recognize alphbet
• Exchange social courtesies (politeness)
• Follow and respond to instructions
• Use of social norms
• Talk about feeling
• Ask for need
• Ask a question
27. General aims by Pakistan (XI-XII)
• Introduce English literature to students and
develop their literacy taste.
• Analyze critically text like drama, poetry and
novel
• Read literature for enjoyment
• Prepare for higher studies in literature