Ravinder gargesh

SYMPOSIUM LANGUAGE ISSUES IN ENGLISH-MEDIUM UNIVERSITIES ACROSS ASIA UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG JUNE 8-9, 2006

LANGUAGE ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA RAVINDER GARGESH Professor Department of Linguistics University of Delhi DELHI-110007 INDIA

General View ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plan of the Paper This paper attempts to present the Indian scene as follows: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SOCIOLINGUISTIC SITUATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],India has a population of over a billion people(1,027,015,247 as per the Census of India 2001), 1652 Mother Tongues (1961 Census), 67 educational languages and an area of 3,287,590 SQ KM. India i s a multilingual giant.

Languages of India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multilingualism and Convergence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bilingualism/Multilingualism and the Census Languages Andhra Haryana Maharashtra Uttar West Pradesh Pradesh Bengal Assamese 1,302 348 2,310 2,844 4,021 Bengali 30,281 9,995 161,497 263,917 58,541,519 Gujrati 43,844 2,266 2,016,381 11,311 38,319 Hindi 1,841,290 14,982,409 6,168,941 66,761,621 2,602,268 Kannada 519,507 936 1,060,701 3,727 1,624 Kashmiri 612 923 2,680 5,227 462 Konkani 3,794 148 312,618 364 944 Malayalam 66,409 1,257 340,597 15,721 17,215 Manipuri 221 75 748 576 824 Marathi 503,609 3,088 57,894,839 17,698 11,849 Nepali 6,634 5,823 39,751 99,859 860,403 Oriya 129,697 2,634 38,183 14,742 70,001 Punjabi 24,773 1,170,225 225,511 661,215 1,376 Sanskrit 199 81 277 44,847 41 Sindhi 12,919 369 618,696 52,168 5,404 Tamil 753,484 5,202 427,447 15,569 25,797 Telugu 56,375,755 2,402 1,122,332 10,597 108,443 Urdu 2,836,179 261,820 5,734,468 12,492,927 1,455,649 Distribution of the 18 scheduled languages in some states (Source: Census of India 1991) Numbers of speakers in States All major languages of India exist beyond their home territory

Bilingualism/Multilingualism and English ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Functional Role of English in Multilingual India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Auxiliary (1) Supplementary (2) Complementary (3) Equative (4) Social Function Library Language Vehicular Language Link Language Alternate Language

De Jure Status of Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter I: Language of the Union (Articles 343 and 344) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter II: Regional Languages (Articles 345-347) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter III: Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts etc. (Art. 348-49) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter IV: Special Directives (Articles 350-351) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some other provisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Languages in Education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Three Language Formula ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Language for higher education

Language for higher education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

De facto language use in society ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Attitude towards English ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major language for obtaining information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Higher Education in India: A glimpse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Language as medium of instruction and examination 2003-04 (108 Univs.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Medium of Instruction and Examination in University of Delhi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Medium of Instruction and Examination in University of Delhi

Perceived benefits of English-medium education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems Perceived in English-medium education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ravinder gargesh

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