This document presents a preliminary study on developing a Wide Area Protection Monitoring System (WAPMS) that would automatically collect and analyze data from protection devices. The proposed system would gather information through various communication protocols, analyze the data to determine fault types and locations, and generate reports with diagnoses for operators. This would provide operators a comprehensive overview of the power system's behavior during faults to help make better decisions. The system is currently being tested in Colombia and future work involves predictive analytics to identify potential protection device failures.

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Towards a Wide Area Protection Monitoring System (WAPMS)
Poster · October 2021
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Edison Geovanny Guama
Los Andes University (Colombia)
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Iván D. Claros
Axon Group
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2. DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA Y ELECTRÓNICA 2018-II
This work presents the preliminary results in the research and development of a Wide Area Protection Monitoring System (WAPMS). This system works as
an information network that automatically collects and analyzes the data contained in the protection devices, which is generally in the standardized
COMTRADE format, this format mainly contains oscillographs with current and voltage signals, and the digital states of the protection functions that were
activated in the event. The proposed system is in charge of collecting information through different communication protocols guaranteeing
interoperability, then it is analyzed determining, among other things, the type and location of the fault. With this information, reports can be generated with
the diagnosis of the system for each substation, which provide the operator with a general insight of the behavior of the system when a fault occurs,
allowing better decisions to be made and guaranteeing a more reliable operation of the power systems.
First, the system is in charge of collecting the information contained in the protection devices by means of
different industrial communication protocols (IEC61850, FTP, TFTP, MODBUS, FastSelMessage), later the data
is organized by means of a set of rules defined by the operator and finally it is stored in a database. Additionally,
a notification via E-Mail is sent when a new event is detected through the SMTP protocol. Finally, the information
can be accessed by any external agent (SCADA, control center Operator) through FTP communication protocol.
Second, the data obtained through the tool are independently analyzed and classified according to the type of
information they contain, e.g. invalid event, operation event, failure event, unknown event. From this information,
a report is generated that contains the type, location and duration of the failure. In addition, the pre-fault, fault,
and post-fault phasors of the event are also displayed. This report is also stored in the database and can be
accessed through the FTP communication protocol.
On the other hand, the tool can be installed in the control center in order to read the information collected in the
adjacent substations as indicated in Figure 2.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
The preliminary results of a system for automated failure analysis for wide area were presented, which generates a
report with a chronological summary about the impact of the event in different substations. Additionally, the system
has different communication protocols, which guarantees a reliable collection of information regardless of the
device manufacturer.
Currently, our team is working on the research and development of a system for the evaluation of the protection
system. In this case, the objective is for the protection engineer or control center operator to be able to determine
more quickly the behavior of the protection system in the event of a failure in general and make the respective
adjustments in case a unexpected behavior is detected.
On the other hand, with the information processed from each monitored substation, predictive analysis could be
carried out and, among other things, possible hidden failures in the protection devices could be determined, this
would allow operators to anticipate failure events through preventive maintenance.
INTRODUCTION
The large-scale deployment of intelligent devices (IEDs) has generated an increase in the volume of data that
must be analyzed and processed by control center operators. This information is intended to guarantee a reliable
and safe operation of the power system. In particular, the information contained in the protection devices must be
collected and analyzed manually after a failure has occurred; Currently, this task is performed by the protection
engineer, however, due to the large amount of data and technical restrictions, it is an inefficient and
time-consuming process [1]. In addition, these files are currently used as non-operational information, that is,
they do not affect the operation of the electrical system or decision-making in the event of a real-time event.
Generally, the protection devices found in the substation belong to different manufacturers, so additionally,
specific software is needed for each brand to access the information. Therefore, operators are more likely to
make mistakes in the operation, which can cause deterioration in the quality of the energy service to the total loss
of the electrical system (Blackout).
On the other hand, one of the most striking solutions to improve the safety of the electrical system is the
automation in the collection and analysis of faults. This type of solution provides the operator with an assistance
tool for decision making in the event of a failure. In principle, the solution integrates information provided by the
protection devices and make it available to any external agent that requires it. The automation process includes
the collection and organization of files, information processing, analysis, generation and visualization of reports
with the result of the analysis.
SOLUTION
In this work, a protection monitoring system for a wide area is proposed, which facilitates decision-making by the
operator and which can be installed in each substation, based on the analysis of Comtrade standardized format
files [2]. In Figure 1 is shown the general architecture of the Automated Fault analysis which is installed in each
substation.
RESULTS
In Figure 3, a simulation scenario is presented where the information generated specifically by the protection devices
REL670 in Betania and 7SA87 in Muiscas is extracted after a failure has occurred. The main view provides the
operator with an SOE type overview with a general summary with the type of event (operation, fault, unknown), the
location in p.u and the type of short circuit fault.
In this case, the AFA-ACS located in control center can read all the reports generated by the AFA-ACS located in
each substation. This configuration allows a global evaluation of the behavior of the system when an event
occurs. In this case, a personalized report organized chronologically type Sequence of Events (SOE) is
generated. Therefore, the operator has the possibility of performing a faster analysis to restore the service in a
more reliable way. Currently, the effectiveness of the tool is being validated in a real project in Colombia with an
energy company.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Kezunovic, “Practical applications of automated fault analysis”, in PowerCon 2000. 2000 international
Conference on Power System Technology. Proccedings (Cat. No. 00EX409), vol. 2, 2000, pp. 537-557,2014.
[2] Ieee standard common format for transient data exchange(comtrade) for power systems,”IEEE Std
C37.111-1999, pp.1–55, 1999.
[3] S. Das, S. Santoso, A. Gaikwad and M. Patel, "Impedance-based fault location in transmission networks:
theory and application," in IEEE Access, vol. 2, pp. 537-557, 2014
[4] T. Kohonen, M. Schroeder, and T. Huang,Self-Organizing Maps, 012001.
REPORT
OSCILLOGRAPHY
MAIN VIEW
Edison Guamá, Iván Claros
{edison.guama,ivan.claros}@axongroup.com.co
Towards a Wide Area Protection Monitoring System (WAPMS)
R&D Department, Axon Group, Colombia
Figure 1. General Scheme of Automated Fault Analysis
Figure 2. General Scheme WAPMS
Figure 3. View of WAPMS
Monitored
substations
The tool has two ways to compute the fault location;
the first one, is through the Takagi modified Method,
this method eliminate any error caused by
non-homogeneus system. In this case just the data of
one end of the transmission line is used. The second
one is through Two-Ended Fault location Method,
which use waveform data captured at both ends of a
transmission line to estimate the fault location, in this
case this method eliminates any impedance error or
system non-homogeneity [3].
On other hand, the faulted phase identification is
realized through a Kohonen algorithm based on Self
Organizing Map for clustering of classes[4].
In addition to the usual time-signal display of the
measured variables record, the tool is designed to
analyze records from each comtrade file to display
phasor diagrams, bar charts (harmonics analysis)
and impedance diagrams (R/X). Additionally, the
tool offers the possibility to display signals from
different comtrade files to do event comparison.
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