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Aerial Recon in Bakken, ND
- 1. REMOTE SENSING IN THE BAKKEN REGION
- 2. OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN THE BAKKEN POSITIVES POSSIBLE NEGATIVES •Positive economic •Disposition and effects of brine conditions from fracturing and drilling •Surplus of jobs in oil & gas •Changes in wildlife populations industry & related services and habitat •Worker salaries are high •Impacts to sensitive natural •Stable tax revenues for state resources, such as streams & local governments •Social & infrastructure issues
- 3. TOPICS TODAY 1. Inventory & Change Detection (mapping land cover and natural resource impacts.) 2. Detection of Leaks. 3. Environmental Impact Evaluation of Spills.
- 4. 1 Inventory and Change Detection What: Document and quantify impacts of development on natural resources. How: Aerial photography. Imagery classified by experts & software based analysis. Application: Provide natural resource data for Bakken region. Avoid conflicts between development and natural resource stewardship. Detect natural resource issues related to oil & gas. Users: Information for oil & gas industry, agency staff, officials, public.
- 5. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Significantly large area with extensive activity •Tool to avoid putting natural resources stewardship in conflict with oil and gas exploration and production. Oil and gas wells (red) in the Bakken region (USFWS Brian Tangen)
- 6. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Leica camera photographs full light spectrum (infrared & visible). •Resolution scaled to mapping application (capable ~3” pixel size). 3” Resolution Resolution
- 7. 1. Inventory and Change Detection 1 m (39.37”) NAIP 8” Resolution IR Resolution
- 8. 1 Inventory and Change Detection •Detect variation in plant life due to soil & hydrological conditions •Detect different vegetation types •Infrared (left) & real-color (right). •Fast-growing plants appear red, dormant vegetation is tan. Multiple Bands
- 9. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Map bare soil, rooftops, roads, other impervious surfaces. •Map water, wildlife corridors, identify rare species, environmental damage, invasive plants (below). Weedy shrub (yellow) is moving into forest from powerline cut. Timed Imagery
- 11. 1 Inventory and Change Detection Oblique imagery captured during aerial imaging deployment Coordinated Imagery
- 12. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Create up-to-date land cover map of region. •Understand potential issues: unstable slopes & soils, wetlands, stream drainages, species habitat, wildlife concentration areas. Map vegetation community types, tree canopy, impervious cover & other features of interest. Land Cover Mapping
- 13. 1. Inventory and Change Detection Change Detection
- 14. 1. Inventory and Change Detection 1939 2009 Change Detection
- 15. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Prioritize areas for protection •Quantify projected impacts •ID opportunities for restoration Opportunity Analysis
- 16. 1. Inventory and Change Detection •Fine-scale classification and mapping of land and water •Establish baseline data ne data areas to avoid n Land Cover Classification
- 17. 1. Inventory and Change Detection -Utilize spectral data to automate mapping -Utilize IR data for added interpretation -Perform change analysis and sequence mapping over time -Use band radioing and indexing for added interpretation Greenness Wetness Brightness Texture Princ Comp Land Cover Classification
- 18. 1. Inventory and Change Detection Healthy Wetland Degraded Wetland •Identify sensitive areas to avoid Habitat Evaluation
- 19. 1. Inventory and Change Detection Degraded Wetland Degraded Open Sedge Meadow Water Remnant Reed Canary Grass Cattail Marsh Habitat Evaluation
- 20. 1. Inventory and Change Detection Open Water – Healthy Wetland: Diverse Aquatic Vegetation Fen, Upwelling Sedge Meadow Cord Grass Stands Cord Grass Stands Sedge/Cord Grass Habitat Evaluation
- 21. 2. DETECTING PIPELINE & EVAP. BASIN LEAKS • Detecting fluid spills along pipelines & around basins. • In one study, AES used aerial reconnaissance to detect water leaks along a 31-mile pipeline.
- 22. 2 DETECTING PIPELINE & EVAP. BASIN LEAKS •Location linked to GIS using GPS • Features confirmed in the field. • Water leaks had characteristic signature evident in vegetation and soil. Vegetative Response
- 23. 2. DETECTING PIPELINE & EVAP. BASIN LEAKS • Detecting fluid spills along pipelines & around basins. • In one study, AES used aerial reconnaissance to detect water leaks along a 31-mile pipeline. Exposed Pipe and Seams Vegetative Response
- 24. 2 DETECTING PIPELINE & EVAP. BASIN LEAKS 3” Resolution IR 3” Spectral Enhancement Open Water Water Leak Open Water Vegetative Response
- 25. 3. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT EVALUATION • Vegetation & soil changes can probably be detected • Accuracy will vary depending on size, location & timing of discharge • Period of testing is needed Wetlands and oil and gas wells in the Prairie Pothole region (USFWS Brian Tangen).
- 26. 2006 CHARBONNEAU SPILL – 8/23/03
- 27. 2006 CHARBONNEAU SPILL – 8/31/09 •Aerial reconnaissance can detect unauthorized brine dumps shortly after they are created by detecting vegetation die-back and changes in soil color.
- 28. 2006 CHARBONNEAU SPILL – 9/7/11 •Aerial reconnaissance can detect unauthorized brine dumps shortly after they are created by detecting vegetation die-back and changes in soil color.
- 29. 2006 CHARBONNEAU SPILL – 12/30/10 •Aerial reconnaissance can detect unauthorized brine dumps shortly after they are created by detecting vegetation die-back and changes in soil color.
- 30. 2006 CHARBONNEAU SPILL – 1/29/05 •Aerial reconnaissance can detect unauthorized brine dumps shortly after they are created by detecting vegetation die-back and changes in soil color.