This document discusses different types of adverb clauses and their usage with various tenses in the main clause. It explains how adverb clauses of time, place, or condition are dependent clauses that modify the independent main clause. Examples are provided to illustrate the different tenses used in the adverb clause and main clause with time-related connectives like when, before, after, until, whenever, as soon as and more.

1. Adverb TimeAdverb Time
ClausesClauses

2. Adverb ClausesAdverb Clauses
 Adverb clause = dependentAdverb clause = dependent
clause.clause.
Ex. When the phone rang.Ex. When the phone rang.
 Main clause = independentMain clause = independent
clause.clause.
Ex. The baby woke up.Ex. The baby woke up.

3. Adverb Clauses and TensesAdverb Clauses and Tenses
Adverb clause orAdverb clause or
Dependent clauseDependent clause
Main Clause orMain Clause or
Independent clauseIndependent clause
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT PASTPAST
FUTUREFUTURE PRESENTPRESENT
PASTPAST PAST PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVE
PASTPAST PASTPAST
PASTPAST PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT
PRESENTPRESENT PRESENTPRESENT

4. AFTERAFTER
 Future tense is not used in this adverbFuture tense is not used in this adverb
clause.clause.
After she graduates,After she graduates, she will get a job.she will get a job.
I will leaveI will leave before he comesbefore he comes..

5. WHENWHEN
 When I arrived, he was talking on theWhen I arrived, he was talking on the
phone.phone.
 When I see him tomorrow, I will askWhen I see him tomorrow, I will ask
him.him.

6. WHILE, ASWHILE, AS
During that time.During that time.
* Adverb clause is in* Adverb clause is in past progressivepast progressive..
While IWhile I was walkingwas walking homehome, it began to, it began to
rain.rain.
As IAs I was walkingwas walking homehome, it began to rain., it began to rain.

7. By the timeBy the time
 By the time he arrived, we hadBy the time he arrived, we had
already left.already left.
 By the time he comes, we will haveBy the time he comes, we will have
already left.already left.

8. SinceSince
 From that time to the presentFrom that time to the present
• The present perfect is used inThe present perfect is used in
thethe main clause.main clause.
• I haven’t seen himI haven’t seen him since he leftsince he left
this morning.this morning.
• I’ve known herI’ve known her ever since I wasever since I was
a child.a child.

9. UntilUntil
 We stayed there until we finishedWe stayed there until we finished
our lesson.our lesson.
 We stayed there till we finished ourWe stayed there till we finished our
lesson.lesson.

10. As soon asAs soon as
OnceOnce
 As soon as it starts raining, we willAs soon as it starts raining, we will
leave.leave.
 Once I have a chance, I will throwOnce I have a chance, I will throw
you an ice ball.you an ice ball.

11. As long asAs long as
From the Beginning to the end.From the Beginning to the end.
 I will never speak to him as longI will never speak to him as long
as I live.as I live.
 I will never speak to him so longI will never speak to him so long
as I live.as I live.

12. WheneverWhenever
Every timeEvery time
 Whenever I see her, I say hello.Whenever I see her, I say hello.
 Every time I see her, I say hello.Every time I see her, I say hello.

13. The first time, the secondThe first time, the second
time…time…
 The first time that IThe first time that I
went to New York,went to New York,
I went to an opera.I went to an opera.
 I saw two plays theI saw two plays the
last time (that) Ilast time (that) I
went to New York.went to New York.
 The next timeThe next time
(that) I go to New(that) I go to New
York, I’m going toYork, I’m going to
see a ballet.see a ballet.