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This document discusses the use of unreal conditional sentences. It provides examples of using unreal conditionals to describe imaginary situations, give advice, express cause and effect, and criticize. It explains that unreal conditionals use specific verb forms, such as using "if" plus the past tense form of a verb followed by "would" or "could" plus the base verb form. It outlines the different verb forms used for present, future, and past unreal conditionals. Finally, it notes that the time referenced in an if-clause can differ from the time in the result clause.
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6.7 conditional adverb clauses
The document discusses different types of conditional clauses:
1. Conditional clauses show what must happen first as a condition for something else to occur as a result. They can use "if" to introduce the condition or place it after the result.
2. Conditional clauses are often used to talk about real or factual situations, events that happen regularly, commands, advice, or events that happened regularly in the past.
3. Conditional clauses can also be used to make predictions or talk about future events, with the "if-clause" using a present verb form even when referring to the future.
Conditional Clauses (2)
There are three types of conditional sentences in English:
1) First conditional - Used to refer to present or future situations that are possible or real. It uses the structure "if + present tense, will/present tense".
2) Second conditional - Used for unlikely, improbable, or hypothetical present or future situations. It uses the structure "if + past tense, would + infinitive".
3) Third conditional - Used for hypothetical or unlikely past situations. It uses the structure "if + past perfect, would have + past participle". The tenses are used to indicate the likelihood or time frame of the condition.
Mixed conditionals
Mixed conditionals refer to conditional sentences where the time in the 'if' clause is different than the time in the main clause. There are two common types: mixed third/second conditionals refer to an imagined past condition and its present result, using the structure "if + past perfect" followed by "would + infinitive." Mixed second/third conditionals refer to an unreal present/ongoing condition and its probable past result, using "if + past simple" followed by "would have + past participle." Mixed conditionals are used to discuss different time frames and their conditional relationships.
Conditionals four types and mixed
The document discusses the four basic conditional sentence types in English - zero, first, second, and third conditionals - and provides examples of their structures and common uses. It also covers mixed conditionals, which combine aspects of different conditional types. The zero conditional uses the present tense and refers to general facts or personal truths. The first conditional uses the present and future tenses to talk about possibilities. The second conditional uses past tense to refer to improbable or hypothetical situations. The third conditional refers to unreal past situations using past perfect tense. Mixed conditionals combine past perfect with present or continuous forms to discuss past situations affecting the present.
Third conditional
The document discusses different types of conditionals in English:
- First conditional talks about possible present or future situations using "if/unless + present tense + will/won't".
- Second conditional talks about hypothetical or improbable situations using "if + past tense + would".
- Third conditional talks about hypothetical situations in the past using "if + past perfect + would have".
The document provides examples and exercises for practicing each type of conditional.
ISE II (B2): Conditional sentences
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the formation and use of each type. Zero conditionals are used to state general truths and follow the pattern of "if + present, + present". First conditionals express possible conditions and follow "if + present, + future". Second conditionals discuss imaginary conditions and use "if + past, + would + verb". Third conditionals talk about impossible past events using "if + past perfect, + would have + past participle". Mixed conditionals combine patterns, most commonly a third conditional followed by a second.
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Conditional sentences are composed of two clauses: a condition clause introduced by "if" and a consequence clause. There are three main types of conditional patterns: 1) first conditional for probable conditions using present tense, 2) second conditional for improbable conditions using past tense, and 3) third conditional for imaginary conditions using past perfect.
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This document discusses conditional sentences, which express a condition and consequence. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional, which expresses scientific facts or general truths using present tense; first conditional, which expresses possible future events using present and future tenses; second conditional, which expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations using past tense; and third conditional, which expresses regret about past events that did not happen using past perfect and conditional perfect tenses. Examples are provided for each type.
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The document discusses different types of conditional clauses:
1. Conditional clauses show what must happen first as a condition for something else to occur as a result. They can use "if" to introduce the condition or place it after the result.
2. Conditional clauses are often used to talk about real or factual situations, events that happen regularly, commands, advice, or events that happened regularly in the past.
3. Conditional clauses can also be used to make predictions or talk about future events, with the "if-clause" using a present verb form even when referring to the future.
Conditional Clauses (2)
There are three types of conditional sentences in English:
1) First conditional - Used to refer to present or future situations that are possible or real. It uses the structure "if + present tense, will/present tense".
2) Second conditional - Used for unlikely, improbable, or hypothetical present or future situations. It uses the structure "if + past tense, would + infinitive".
3) Third conditional - Used for hypothetical or unlikely past situations. It uses the structure "if + past perfect, would have + past participle". The tenses are used to indicate the likelihood or time frame of the condition.
Mixed conditionals
Mixed conditionals refer to conditional sentences where the time in the 'if' clause is different than the time in the main clause. There are two common types: mixed third/second conditionals refer to an imagined past condition and its present result, using the structure "if + past perfect" followed by "would + infinitive." Mixed second/third conditionals refer to an unreal present/ongoing condition and its probable past result, using "if + past simple" followed by "would have + past participle." Mixed conditionals are used to discuss different time frames and their conditional relationships.
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The document discusses different types of conditionals in English:
- First conditional talks about possible present or future situations using "if/unless + present tense + will/won't".
- Second conditional talks about hypothetical or improbable situations using "if + past tense + would".
- Third conditional talks about hypothetical situations in the past using "if + past perfect + would have".
The document provides examples and exercises for practicing each type of conditional.
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This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the formation and use of each type. Zero conditionals are used to state general truths and follow the pattern of "if + present, + present". First conditionals express possible conditions and follow "if + present, + future". Second conditionals discuss imaginary conditions and use "if + past, + would + verb". Third conditionals talk about impossible past events using "if + past perfect, + would have + past participle". Mixed conditionals combine patterns, most commonly a third conditional followed by a second.
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This document discusses conditional sentences, which express a condition and consequence. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional, which expresses scientific facts or general truths using present tense; first conditional, which expresses possible future events using present and future tenses; second conditional, which expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations using past tense; and third conditional, which expresses regret about past events that did not happen using past perfect and conditional perfect tenses. Examples are provided for each type.
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2) Unreal present or future conditionals use "if + past simple" in the if-clause and "would + infinitive" in the main clause. They refer to unlikely or imaginary present or future situations.
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If I see Andrew at the meeting, I'll give him your message. There are three main types of conditional sentences: first, second, and third conditional. The tenses used can vary in the if and main clauses for each type. Mixed conditionals using different types together are also possible if they make sense contextually. Implied and real conditionals express conditions without using "if".
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The document summarizes the three main types of conditional sentences in English:
1) First conditional - used to talk about possible future events. The if-clause uses the present simple and the main clause uses the future simple.
2) Second conditional (hypothetical) - used to talk about unlikely future events or present situations that are impossible. The if-clause uses the past simple and the main clause uses would + infinitive.
3) Third conditional - used to talk about imagined past situations that did not happen. The if-clause uses the past perfect and the main clause uses would have + past participle.
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The document summarizes the three main types of conditional sentences in English:
1) First conditional - used to talk about possible future events. The if-clause uses the present simple and the main clause uses the future simple.
2) Second conditional (hypothetical) - used to talk about unlikely future events or present situations that are impossible. The if-clause uses the past simple and the main clause uses would + infinitive.
3) Third conditional - used to talk about imagined past situations that did not happen. The if-clause uses the past perfect and the main clause uses would have + past participle.
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This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional uses the present simple tense to describe consequences that always occur. The first conditional uses the present simple and will to describe probable future consequences. The second conditional uses the past simple and would to describe improbable or hypothetical scenarios. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to describe impossible past conditions. Each conditional follows a specific verb tense pattern in the if-clause and main clause to indicate probability and time frame.
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The document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English:
1) Zero conditional uses the present tense and refers to general truths.
2) First conditional uses "will" to talk about possible future events.
3) Second conditional uses "would" to talk about unlikely present or future situations.
4) Third conditional uses "would have" to talk about hypothetical past situations with different outcomes.
5) Mixed conditionals combine past and present/future tenses to discuss imagined past events with present results.
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This document summarizes different types of conditional sentences in English:
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1) Factual conditionals express general truths using present or past tense in both clauses.
2) Future conditionals use present tense in the if clause and future tense in the result clause to express predictions.
3) Present unreal conditionals use past tense in the if clause and "would" in the result clause to talk about unlikely or impossible present conditions.
4) Past unreal conditionals use past perfect tense in the if clause and "would have" in the result clause to talk about unlikely or impossible past conditions.
There are also mixed, inverted, implied, and alternatives to "if" types of conditional sentences.
Third conditional word
The third conditional is used to speculate about hypothetical situations in the past. It consists of two clauses: an "if" clause using "if + subject + past perfect" and a main clause using "subject + would/could/might have + past participle." For example, "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam." The third conditional expresses criticism or regret about things that did not actually happen in the past.
Modal verbs
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, suggestion, necessity, and intention. The modal verbs include can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, and ought to. They have certain grammatical characteristics - they are followed by an infinitive without "to", they don't have past or present forms, and they don't take "s" in the third person singular. Each modal verb has specific meanings - can expresses ability or permission, could expresses past ability, may and might express possibility, must expresses necessity or obligation, should expresses expectation or advice, and ought to also expresses advice or suggestion.
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- 1. Section A
- 2. We can also use conditional adverb clauses to describe unreal, imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations because we wish the situation were true. It’s too bad that my brothers are away. If they were here, I know they would help me. (They aren’t here.)
- 3. We can also use an unreal conditional to give advice. You’d feel better if you exercised. We can also use an unreal conditional to express cause and effect. I wouldn’t have met my wife if I had moved to London. (I didn’t move to London.)
- 4. We can also use an unreal conditional to criticize. If you had studied harder, you would have passed the test. We can also use an unreal conditional to give surprising information. If there were no air, sound could not travel. (There is air.) (You didn’t study hard enough.)
- 5. GRAMAR TERM: This use of the unreal conditional is sometimes called the third conditional.
- 6. Section B
- 7. To show that we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation, we use special verb forms. If it weren’t raining, I’d go for a walk. (This means it is raining.) When both the condition and the result refer to a present or future time frame, we use if plus a past verb form followed by would or could plus the base form. PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONAL
- 8. If my sister here now, she would know what to do. (This means, “she’s is not here now.”) If I didn’t have to work today, I could go hiking. (This means, “I do have to work today.”) PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONALS If I could do anything I wanted, I’d move to Japan. Be careful! When we use the verb be in the if- clause, we usually use were instead of was. were
- 9. If I had time next month, I’d go to Hawaii. (This means, “I don’t have time next month.”) FUTURE UNREAL CONDITIONALS If I had to work next week, I wouldn’t be able to go with you. (This means, “I don’t have time to work next week.”)
- 10. If I hadn’t eaten earlier, I would have gone to lunch with you. (This means, “I did eat earlier”.) If I had had any vacation days last month, I could have gone to Hawaii. (This means, “I didn’t have any vacation days last month.”) When both the condition and the result refer to a past time, we use if plus a past perfect verb for the unreal condition. We use would have or could have for the unreal result.
- 11. Section C
- 12. If we had left earlier, I would be home by now. As with other adverb clauses, the time in an if- clause may be different from the time in a result clause. If he hadn’t been helping me, I would still be living an hour away from school. (unreal past condition + present result) (unreal past condition + present result)