Adverb clause
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An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that provides additional information about the main clause, such as how, when, where, why, or under what conditions an action occurs. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like after, because, though, whenever. They can express time, reason, condition, contrast, or place. Identifying the relationship of the adverb clause helps understand how it modifies the main clause.
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Conditionals
There are four types of conditionals in English:
1) The Zero Conditional uses the simple present tense and describes situations where an action always leads to a certain result.
2) The First Conditional uses the simple present and future tenses to talk about possible situations in the future.
3) The Second Conditional uses the past tense and "would" to talk about unlikely or hypothetical future situations.
4) The Third Conditional uses the past perfect tense and "would have" to talk about unlikely past situations and their possible results.
Conditionals
This document defines conditionals and describes the four types of conditional sentences: Type 0, First, Second, and Third. Type 0 conditionals describe general truths or standard practices using the pattern "if + simple present + simple present". The First conditional describes likely events using "if + simple present + will/will not". The Second conditional describes unlikely situations using "if + simple past + would". The Third conditional describes impossible past events using "if + past perfect + would/could + have + past participle".
To get phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions or adverbs that have specific meanings. Some common phrasal verbs formed with "to get" and their meanings include:
to get at - to try to express something indirectly
to get away with - to escape punishment for something bad
to get by - to manage financially
Conditionals
This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. It provides the structure and uses of each type of conditional. The zero conditional describes certain outcomes. The first conditional expresses probable future events. The second conditional refers to unlikely or hypothetical scenarios. And the third conditional talks about impossible past conditions and their results. Examples are given for each type of conditional to illustrate their usage.
Conditionals
The document discusses different types of conditionals in English. It describes zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional uses the simple present tense in both parts of the sentence to describe events that always happen under certain circumstances. The first conditional uses the present tense followed by the future tense to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past tense followed by the modal "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect tense followed by "would have" to talk about hypothetical past events that did not actually happen.
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Preposition
Prepositions commonly convey spatial and temporal relationships such as agency, comparison, direction, place, possession, purpose, source, and time. Some key uses of common prepositions include: at is used to indicate precise time; in is used for months, years, and periods; on is used for days and dates. At indicates a stationary position while in shows motion. To indicates direction, destination, duration, or comparison. Into and onto show movement involving a change of location or level. Since, for, and from are used to indicate time frames. During is used for known periods of time while for denotes purpose or time frames. Above, below, beneath, and under relate to spatial position and contact. In indicates a maximum time
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This document provides a grammar revision on various English grammar topics including:
1. The differences between going to, present continuous, will, and decided uses.
2. Uses of the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses.
3. The three types of conditionals and their uses.
4. An overview of the passive voice and past perfect tense.
5. How to change tenses when converting direct to indirect reported speech, including changes to modal verbs.
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There are four types of conditionals in English:
1) The Zero Conditional uses the simple present tense and describes situations where an action always leads to a certain result.
2) The First Conditional uses the simple present and future tenses to talk about possible situations in the future.
3) The Second Conditional uses the past tense and "would" to talk about unlikely or hypothetical future situations.
4) The Third Conditional uses the past perfect tense and "would have" to talk about unlikely past situations and their possible results.
Conditionals
This document defines conditionals and describes the four types of conditional sentences: Type 0, First, Second, and Third. Type 0 conditionals describe general truths or standard practices using the pattern "if + simple present + simple present". The First conditional describes likely events using "if + simple present + will/will not". The Second conditional describes unlikely situations using "if + simple past + would". The Third conditional describes impossible past events using "if + past perfect + would/could + have + past participle".
To get phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions or adverbs that have specific meanings. Some common phrasal verbs formed with "to get" and their meanings include:
to get at - to try to express something indirectly
to get away with - to escape punishment for something bad
to get by - to manage financially
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Conditionals
The document discusses different types of conditionals in English. It describes zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional uses the simple present tense in both parts of the sentence to describe events that always happen under certain circumstances. The first conditional uses the present tense followed by the future tense to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past tense followed by the modal "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect tense followed by "would have" to talk about hypothetical past events that did not actually happen.
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Unit comparisons
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Conditionals 06
This document discusses the different types of conditionals in English:
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- The first conditional refers to probable future situations and uses if + present, ... will + infinitive.
- The second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary present/future situations and uses if + past, ... would + infinitive.
- The third conditional refers to unlikely past situations and uses if + past perfect, ... would have + past participle.
Comparisons 2
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This document discusses relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It explains that relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and provide information about the person or thing being referred to. It outlines the different relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) and when they are used to refer to people or objects. It also discusses defining vs non-defining relative clauses and the rules around omitting relative pronouns.
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- "When" can also refer to a single completed event within a longer background activity.
- "Because" is preferred over "since" or "as" when indicating a reason or cause to avoid ambiguity.
- "Since" is better used to refer to a time period rather than a reason.
Aswhenwhile
This document discusses the conjunctions "as", "when", "while", "because", and "since". It explains their different meanings and uses, including:
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- "When" can also refer to a single completed event within a longer background activity.
- "Because" is preferred over "since" or "as" when indicating a reason or cause to avoid ambiguity.
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Grammar presentation-as
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- "As" is used to indicate two things happening at the same time or together over a period of time. It can also replace "because" in informal contexts.
- "Just as" emphasizes that two things happened exactly at the same moment.
- "Since" is better used when referring to a period of time, such as "since she moved" or "since we have time".
The document compares the uses of "as" and "when", and provides guidance on the proper contexts to use each word.
Grammar presentation
This document discusses the uses of the words "as", "just as", and "since". It provides examples of how each word is used:
- "As" is used to indicate two things happening at the same time or together over a period of time. It can also replace "because" in informal contexts.
- "Just as" emphasizes that two things happened exactly at the same moment.
- "Since" is better used when referring to a period of time, such as "since she moved" or "since we have time".
The document compares the uses of "as" and "when", and provides guidance on the proper contexts to use each word.
Lesson 29
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or other pronoun that can refer to a person, place, thing or idea. Pronouns have antecedents which are the words they are referring to. There are different types of pronouns including personal pronouns like I, he, they which come in singular and plural forms and can be first, second or third person.
Relative clauses. defining and non defining presentacion
Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, where, or when. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information set off by commas. Different relative pronouns are used to refer to people, things, places, time, or possession.
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This document summarizes the different types of conditional sentences in English. There are four main types: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for likely possibilities in the present/future, second conditional for unlikely possibilities in the present/future, and third conditional for hypothetical situations in the past. Special cases include using "were" or "had" instead of "if" for a more formal tone, and using "if" with "should" to refer to accidental or chance events.
Clauses (revised)
Here are the answers:
1. Independent
2. Dependent (adverb clause of time)
3. Dependent (adverb clause of manner)
4. Dependent (adverb clause of concession)
5. Dependent (adverb clause of place)
6. Dependent (adverb clause of time)
7. Independent
8. Independent
9. Dependent (noun clause)
10. Dependent (adverb clause of time)
Ppt b.inggris adverb
The document defines and provides examples of different types of adverbial clauses. It states that an adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb to modify a verb. It then discusses the different types of adverbial clauses including those of time, place, manner, cause/reason, purpose, result, concession, condition, degree, and contrast. Examples are provided for each type of adverbial clause.
4.4(2)adverb clauses
Adverb clauses are subordinate clauses that provide information about the main clause such as time, place, manner, cause, condition. They are introduced with subordinating conjunctions like when, where, because, if. Adverb clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences and must be accompanied by an independent main clause. Punctuation rules depend on whether the adverb clause comes before or after the main clause.
Adverbial clauses; adverbial clauses of time
This document discusses various types of adverbial clauses of time in English. It describes temporal subordinators like when, whenever, while, as, as long as, till/until, since, after, and before and how they introduce adverbial clauses that indicate the time of the situation in the main clause. It also discusses non-finite adverbial clauses of time introduced by gerunds, present and past participles, and perfect participles, and the use of when and while with participial clauses.
Clauses and Sentences
Materi lengkap tentang macam-macam clauses dan sentences bahasa inggris. dilengkapi contoh yang membuat lebih memudahkan pemahaman. Materi presentasi ini diberikan oleh guru saya
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This document discusses prepositions and provides examples of their uses. Prepositions are words that show spatial or temporal relationships between other words in a sentence. Common prepositions in English include in, on, at, for, from, and to. The document explains that prepositions are often used with nouns, pronouns, verbs, or prepositional phrases. Examples are given for how prepositions like in, on, and at are used with locations, objects, events, and other contexts. Readers are then given an activity to make their own sentences using different prepositions.
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Conditionals
This document discusses the use of conditional sentences with "if" clauses. It explains that the tense used in the if-clause depends on the time frame being referred to, and outlines the different tenses that can be used including present, past, and past perfect. The main clause will then use the corresponding future, future in the past, or future perfect in the past form. Examples are provided to illustrate each case. Finally, some alternative expressions that can be used instead of "if" in certain contexts are explained.
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The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It describes the uses of the passive voice, including when the receiver of the action is more important than the doer, the doer is unknown or unimportant, or the doer is too obvious to mention. It also notes that the passive voice can be used to conceal the doer or identity of someone responsible for a mistake. The document then outlines the formation of passive sentences and provides examples of changing active sentences to the passive voice.
Unit comparisons
The document discusses the three forms of adjectives in English: positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive form is used to describe one item or person. The comparative form is used to compare two items or people, using terms like "more" or "less." The superlative form is used to compare more than two items or people and describe the one that is the most or least, using terms like "the most" or "the least." There are rules for changing adjectives into their comparative and superlative forms depending on their syllable count and ending letters. Some adjectives are irregular and do not follow the typical rules.
Conditionals 06
This document discusses the different types of conditionals in English:
- The zero conditional refers to present or habitual situations and uses if + present, ... present.
- The first conditional refers to probable future situations and uses if + present, ... will + infinitive.
- The second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary present/future situations and uses if + past, ... would + infinitive.
- The third conditional refers to unlikely past situations and uses if + past perfect, ... would have + past participle.
Comparisons 2
The document describes the three forms that adjectives and adverbs can take in English: positive, comparative, and superlative. It provides examples for each form and explains the rules for forming the comparative and superlative using suffixes like "-er" and "-est" or the words "more" and "most." Irregular adjectives like "good" and "bad" are also discussed. Spelling rules for adding suffixes to adjectives of different types are provided.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
This document discusses relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It explains that relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and provide information about the person or thing being referred to. It outlines the different relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) and when they are used to refer to people or objects. It also discusses defining vs non-defining relative clauses and the rules around omitting relative pronouns.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
This document discusses relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It explains that relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and provide information about the person or thing being referred to. It outlines the different relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) and when they are used to refer to people or objects. It also discusses defining vs non-defining relative clauses and the rules around omitting relative pronouns.
As
This document discusses the conjunctions "as", "when", "while", "because", and "since". It explains their different meanings and uses, including:
- "As", "when", and "while" can introduce two events happening simultaneously, with "as" and "while" also used for longer parallel events/activities.
- "When" can also refer to a single completed event within a longer background activity.
- "Because" is preferred over "since" or "as" when indicating a reason or cause to avoid ambiguity.
- "Since" is better used to refer to a time period rather than a reason.
Aswhenwhile
This document discusses the conjunctions "as", "when", "while", "because", and "since". It explains their different meanings and uses, including:
- "As", "when", and "while" can introduce two events happening simultaneously, with "as" and "while" also used for longer parallel events/activities.
- "When" can also refer to a single completed event within a longer background activity.
- "Because" is preferred over "since" or "as" when indicating a reason or cause to avoid ambiguity.
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Grammar presentation-as
This document discusses the uses of the words "as", "just as", and "since". It provides examples of how each word is used:
- "As" is used to indicate two things happening at the same time or together over a period of time. It can also replace "because" in informal contexts.
- "Just as" emphasizes that two things happened exactly at the same moment.
- "Since" is better used when referring to a period of time, such as "since she moved" or "since we have time".
The document compares the uses of "as" and "when", and provides guidance on the proper contexts to use each word.
Grammar presentation
This document discusses the uses of the words "as", "just as", and "since". It provides examples of how each word is used:
- "As" is used to indicate two things happening at the same time or together over a period of time. It can also replace "because" in informal contexts.
- "Just as" emphasizes that two things happened exactly at the same moment.
- "Since" is better used when referring to a period of time, such as "since she moved" or "since we have time".
The document compares the uses of "as" and "when", and provides guidance on the proper contexts to use each word.
Lesson 29
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or other pronoun that can refer to a person, place, thing or idea. Pronouns have antecedents which are the words they are referring to. There are different types of pronouns including personal pronouns like I, he, they which come in singular and plural forms and can be first, second or third person.
Relative clauses. defining and non defining presentacion
Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, where, or when. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information set off by commas. Different relative pronouns are used to refer to people, things, places, time, or possession.
Types of conditionals summary and special cases
This document summarizes the different types of conditional sentences in English. There are four main types: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for likely possibilities in the present/future, second conditional for unlikely possibilities in the present/future, and third conditional for hypothetical situations in the past. Special cases include using "were" or "had" instead of "if" for a more formal tone, and using "if" with "should" to refer to accidental or chance events.
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Clauses (revised)
Here are the answers:
1. Independent
2. Dependent (adverb clause of time)
3. Dependent (adverb clause of manner)
4. Dependent (adverb clause of concession)
5. Dependent (adverb clause of place)
6. Dependent (adverb clause of time)
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Adverb clauses are subordinate clauses that provide information about the main clause such as time, place, manner, cause, condition. They are introduced with subordinating conjunctions like when, where, because, if. Adverb clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences and must be accompanied by an independent main clause. Punctuation rules depend on whether the adverb clause comes before or after the main clause.
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This document discusses various types of adverbial clauses of time in English. It describes temporal subordinators like when, whenever, while, as, as long as, till/until, since, after, and before and how they introduce adverbial clauses that indicate the time of the situation in the main clause. It also discusses non-finite adverbial clauses of time introduced by gerunds, present and past participles, and perfect participles, and the use of when and while with participial clauses.
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Materi lengkap tentang macam-macam clauses dan sentences bahasa inggris. dilengkapi contoh yang membuat lebih memudahkan pemahaman. Materi presentasi ini diberikan oleh guru saya
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of adverbs. It discusses how adverbs add meaning to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The main types of adverbs are place, time, manner, degree/quantity, and frequency. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They can appear in different positions within sentences and are often used to intensify or downtone meanings.
Prepositions
This document discusses prepositions and provides examples of their uses. Prepositions are words that show spatial or temporal relationships between other words in a sentence. Common prepositions in English include in, on, at, for, from, and to. The document explains that prepositions are often used with nouns, pronouns, verbs, or prepositional phrases. Examples are given for how prepositions like in, on, and at are used with locations, objects, events, and other contexts. Readers are then given an activity to make their own sentences using different prepositions.
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This document discusses linking expressions, which are words or phrases that connect ideas and sentences. It provides examples of common linking expressions used for adding information, contrasting ideas, showing cause and effect, comparisons, sequencing ideas, and expressing conditions. The most frequently used linking expressions are listed for each category, such as "and", "but", and "therefore". Time words like "as soon as" and "when" are also covered. In all, this document serves as a guide to different types of linking expressions and how they can be used to logically connect ideas.
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This document discusses the use of conditional sentences with "if" clauses. It explains that the tense used in the if-clause depends on the time frame being referred to, and outlines the different tenses that can be used including present, past, and past perfect. The main clause will then use the corresponding future, future in the past, or future perfect in the past form. Examples are provided to illustrate each case. Finally, some alternative expressions that can be used instead of "if" in certain contexts are explained.
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This document provides a summary of common linking words or connectors used in writing and speaking. It categorizes connectors by the relationship they indicate between ideas such as result, reason, purpose, contrast, time, and condition. Examples are given for each type of connector, such as "so...that" to express result or "since" and "as" to introduce a reason. The document emphasizes that connectors are important to clearly show the relationships between ideas and sentences.
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Social science is the study of society and human behavior, with the goal of understanding society and improving the human condition. The main social science disciplines are anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Applied social science uses knowledge from these basic social sciences to understand and address real-world social problems. It includes fields like counseling, social work, and communication that aim to create social change and solve problems in human relationships.
Noun clause
This document discusses noun clauses, including their definition, how they are used, and examples of noun clauses functioning as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, and predicate nouns. Noun clauses can function as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, or predicate nouns in a sentence. They are introduced by words like who, what, when, where, why, how, whether, whose, which, whichever, and that. The document provides examples to illustrate each use.
Adjective clause
This document discusses adjective clauses. It defines an adjective clause as a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. It provides examples of adjective clauses introduced by pronouns like that, which, who, whom, and whose. Adjective clauses can be essential or nonessential. Essential clauses are necessary to identify the noun being modified, while nonessential clauses only add extra information. The document also discusses using commas with essential and nonessential clauses.
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Adverb clause
- 2. Adverb Clause An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that often modifies the verb in the main clause. An adverb clause tells how, when, where, why, or under what conditions the action occurs.
- 3. Example: After we won the meet, we shook hands with our opponents. We won the meet because we practiced hard.
- 4. An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction. after because though whenever although before till where as if unless whereas as if since until wherever as though than when while
- 5. If you pay your bills on time, you can have a good credit score. I will feel grateful if you will work with me on this project. I think of you whenever I hear that song. The fireworks show will start after the sun goes down.
- 6. If you want to go to the concert, you need your parents' permission. Because the wind was so strong, many trees fell in the road. As the sun sets over Honolulu, our plane departs for home.
- 7. Adverb Clauses show relationship Time – shows the time when an action takes place. Reason – shows why an action takes place. Condition – indicates under what conditions something happen. Contrast – makes a contrast with an idea expressed in the main clause. Place – shows where the action takes place.
- 8. I was not at home when he came to see me. - TIME He led the caravan wherever he wanted to go. - PLACE You won’t pass unless you work hard. - CONDITION As soon as she finished her project, she started working on the next. - TIME
- 9. Since he apologized, we will take no further actions against him. - REASON While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought of him guilty. - CONTRAST She will come, if you invite her. - CONDITION
- 10. You will never understand Math, unless you help yourself. - CONDITION Although I studied all night, I failed the test. - CONTRAST Let him be arrested wherever he may be found. - PLACE Wherever I go, I am welcome. - PLACE
- 11. Even if they don’t have money, they are happy. - CONTRAST He was furious that his book was panned by many reviewers. - REASON Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming. - CONTRAST
- 12. EVALUATION #2 Underline the adverb clause in the sentence and identify the relationship. 1. When I delivered the newspaper, I saw Mrs. Sampson at the window. 2. Although I'd never been in the Martins' house before, I felt at home there. 3. You can take my car as long as you drive carefully. 4. Since I'll be late for dinner, I will get a sandwich downtown. 5. She can’t graduate until she passes this course.