ADVANCED IC ENGINES-UNIT - 2.ppt
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The document discusses compression ignition engines, including the stages of combustion in diesel engines, factors that affect knocking, different injection systems and combustion chamber types, turbocharging, and an introduction to analyzing the thermodynamics of the combustion process in CI engines.
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UNIT-2 COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES.ppt
1. Combustion in compression ignition engines occurs in four stages: ignition delay period, rapid combustion, controlled combustion, and after burning.
2. Factors like fuel type, temperature, and pressure affect the ignition delay period.
3. There are two main types of combustion chambers in compression ignition engines: direct injection and indirect injection.
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UNIT-2 COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES.ppt
1. Combustion in compression ignition engines occurs in four stages: ignition delay period, rapid combustion, controlled combustion, and after burning.
2. Factors like fuel type, temperature, and pressure affect the ignition delay period.
3. There are two main types of combustion chambers in compression ignition engines: direct injection and indirect injection.
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This document discusses spark ignition engines and various aspects of their combustion process. It covers topics like air-fuel ratio requirements, the stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion. It describes factors that affect knocking, different fuel injection systems, and combustion chamber designs. It also discusses variables that influence knocking in spark ignition engines.
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The document discusses combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes the four stages of combustion in CI engines: (1) ignition delay period, (2) uncontrolled combustion, (3) controlled combustion, and (4) after burning. It explains that the ignition delay period allows fuel to accumulate, causing uncontrolled combustion and a steep pressure rise when ignition occurs. Controlled combustion then follows, where combustion is matched to the fuel injection rate.
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This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers mixture requirements, fuel injection systems, stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion like knocking. Knocking occurs when pockets of air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front. Factors that affect knocking include density factors, time factors, and composition factors. The document also discusses combustion chambers and their role in smooth engine operation and high power output.
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This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers mixture requirements, fuel injection systems, stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion like knocking. Knocking occurs when pockets of air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front. Factors that affect knocking include density factors, time factors, and composition factors. The document also discusses combustion chambers and their role in smooth engine operation and high power output.
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Combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines occurs in four stages:
1. Ignition delay period, as the injected fuel vaporizes and mixes with air.
2. Uncontrolled combustion, as accumulated fuel from injection ignites rapidly.
3. Controlled combustion, as combustion rate matches fuel injection rate.
4. After burning of any residual fuel.
Factors like compression ratio, injection timing and pressure, and fuel properties can affect the ignition delay period. Abnormal combustion or "knocking" may occur if ignition delay is too long, resulting in rapid uncontrolled combustion. Proper combustion chamber design is important for efficient mixing of fuel and air.
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Combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines occurs in four stages:
1. Ignition delay period, as the injected fuel vaporizes and mixes with air.
2. Uncontrolled combustion, as accumulated fuel ignites rapidly in a steep pressure rise.
3. Controlled combustion, as the burning rate matches injection rate for maximum heat release.
4. After burning of any residual fuel.
Factors like compression ratio, injection timing and pressure, and fuel properties can affect the ignition delay period. Abnormal combustion or "knocking" may occur if ignition delay is too long, resulting in a large uncontrolled combustion phase. Proper combustion chamber design is important for efficient mixing of fuel and air.
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2. Diesel knock (detonation) which produces a clanking sound from rapid combustion. It can be controlled by using better fuel, controlling fuel supply rate, and increasing swirl.
3. Different types of combustion chambers in CI engines including direct injection, indirect injection, pre-combustion chamber, swirl chamber, and air-cell chamber.
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The document summarizes combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how combustion occurs simultaneously in many spots in a non-homogeneous fuel-air mixture, controlled by fuel injection timing. The four stages of CI engine combustion are ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing-controlled combustion, and late combustion. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. Knock may occur if ignition delay is too long. The document provides diagrams to illustrate CI engine combustion processes and types.
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Iron and Steel Technology towards Sustainable Steelmaking
DfMAy 2024 - key insights and contributions
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
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Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
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ADVANCED IC ENGINES-UNIT - 2.ppt
- 1. COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES Stages of combustion-normal and abnormal combustion – Factors affecting knock, Direct and Indirect injection systems, Combustion chambers, Turbo charging, Introduction to Thermodynamic Analysis of CI Engine Combustion process.
- 3. Stages of combustion 1. Ignition Delay Period
- 4. Stages of combustion 1. Ignition Delay Period
- 5. Stages of combustion 2. Period of rapid Combustion
- 6. Stages of combustion 3. Period of Controlled Combustion 4. Period of After Burning
- 7. Knocking in CI Engine
- 8. Knocking in SI and CI Engine
- 9. Normal Combustion Under ideal conditions the common internal combustion engine burns the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder in an orderly and controlled fashion.
- 11. Factors affecting Delay period
- 12. Factors affecting Delay period
- 13. Factors affecting Delay period
- 14. Factors affecting Delay period
- 15. Factors affecting Delay period
- 16. Reducing Knocking in SI and CI engine
- 17. Combustion Chamber in CI engine 1. Direct Injection type 2. Indirect Injection type 1. Direct Injection Type. • Shallow depth Chamber • Hemispherical Chamber • Cylindrical Chamber • Toroidal Chamber
- 18. Direct Injection Type Shallow depth Chamber Hemispherical Chamber
- 19. Direct Injection Type Cylindrical Chamber Toroidal Chamber
- 20. 2. Indirect Injection Type.
- 21. Indirect Injection Type 1. Swirl Chamber
- 22. Indirect Injection Type 2. Precombustion Chamber
- 23. Indirect Injection Type 3. Air-Cell Combustion Chamber
- 24. Turbo charging 1. Exhaust Turbo charging of Single cylinder engine.
- 25. Turbo charging 2. Exhaust Turbo charging of a V type engine.