Advanced concept in nursing
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This document discusses critical care nursing and the care of critically ill patients. It defines critical illness as a life-threatening condition requiring intense and vigilant nursing care. Critical care nurses work in intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency departments, caring for patients with issues like respiratory failure, shock, neurological problems, infections, or post-surgery using advanced technology and equipment. The needs of critically ill patients and their families are also outlined, such as physical, emotional and psychological stress from the ICU environment.
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- Key principles of ethics like beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.
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1. The importance of communication in healthcare and how it helps patients feel at ease, in control, and valued.
2. The different methods of communication including non-verbal communication, verbal communication, questioning, electronic communication, and written communication.
3. Key aspects of communication like listening, attending to patient complaints, and guidelines for responding to complaints.
4. The importance of record keeping in healthcare for continuity of care, documenting care provided, and having accurate records in case of complaints. Barriers to communication and strategies to improve team communication are also addressed.
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This document is a listing of qualifications and requirements for a professional nurse. It lists that a professional nurse must have the requisite diploma or degree, be licensed to practice, be physically and mentally fit, be confident in patient care decisions, be humble and honest to gain patient trust, fulfill duties impartially without prejudice, and have qualities like self-confidence, humility, honesty, loyalty, cooperation, observation skills, administration skills, supervision skills, and being responsible, competent, and having good human relations and communication skills. It concludes by stating the choice is yours and thanks the reader.
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Advanced concept in nursing
- 2. CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS IN CRITICAL CARE NURSING Critical care • The care of patient who are extremely ill and whose clinical condition is unstable or potentially unstable.
- 3. Definition of a Critically Ill Patient • Critically ill patients are defined as those patients who are at high risk for actual or potential life- threatening health problems. • The more critically ill the patient is, the more likely he or she is to be highly vulnerable, unstable and complex, thereby requiring intense (strong) and vigilant (alert) nursing care.
- 4. Critical care nursing • Is the field of nursing with a focus on the care of the critically ill or unstable patients. Critical care nurses can be found working in a wide variety of environments and specialties, such as: • Emergency departments. • Intensive care units ( ICU)
- 5. Intensive Care Units • ICU is a place where skilled nurses, doctors, technologists, respiratory therapists, and others competently care for the sickest clients in the hospital. • Intensive care nurses are also required to be comfortable with a wide variety of technology and its uses in the critical care setting.
- 6. Technological Equipments of ICU • This technology includes such equipment as: – Hemodynamic and cardiac monitoring systems, – Mechanical ventilator therapy, – Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), – Ventricular assist devices (LVAD and RVAD), – Continuous renal replacement equipment (CRRT/CVVHDF), – Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits (ECMO) and many other advanced life support devices.
- 7. History of Critical Care Nursing o The first intensive care units emerged in the 1950s to provide care to very ill patients who needed one-to-one care from a nurse.
- 8. Reasons for admission to the intensive care unit 1. Respiratory difficulties 2. Circulatory problems (Hemodynamic unstable) 3. Neuralgic changes 4. Life – threatening infections or risk of infection 5. Metabolic problems 6. Surgeries
- 9. Respiratory difficulties • Pneumonia • Pulmonary embolism • Drug overdose • Respiratory distress Device used: ventilators/ respirators
- 10. 2. Circulatory problems (Hemodynamic unstable) • Hypotension (low blood pressure) • Myocardial infarction (heart attack) • Bleeding from internal or external wound • Required sophisticated monitoring of cardiac out put and pressure within the heart.
- 11. 3. Neuralgic changes • Loss of consciousness or changes in mental status • Head injury • Brain surgery • Stroke • Spinal cord injury
- 12. 4. Life – threatening infections or risk of infection • Burn wound or sepsis • Requires very intensive care for medication administration and fluid management
- 13. 5. Metabolic problems • Abnormal electrolytes from diabetes • Renal failure • Acid base imbalance
- 14. 6. Surgeries • Open heart surgery • Thoracic surgery • Brain surgery • Extensive abdominal surgery or orthopedic surgery
- 15. Needs of critically ill client and family Needs • Physical, • Emotional, • Psychological, • Social, • Environmental
- 16. Problems • Pain • Immobility • Disorientation • Sleep deprivation • Powerlessness • Hopelessness • Delirium (ICU psychosis)
- 17. Feelings • Isolated • Anxious • Depressed • Fear about their treatment • The unknown
- 18. Stress producing things • Unusual machines • Loud noises • Equipment alarms • Constant light • Constant attention • Staff conversations • Physical restraints • Lack of privacy • Inadequate control of pain and anxiety • Separation from significant others
- 19. Alteration in sleep • Impaired immunity and healing • Increased in oxygen consumption • Carbon dioxide production • Negative nitrogen balance • Stimulation of fight or flight response of the sympathetic nervous system