The Impact of Electronics Commerce in Bangladeshbadhon11-2104
1. E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over the internet and other computer networks. It is changing how businesses operate and transforming sectors like communications, finance, and retail.
2. E-commerce benefits Bangladesh's export-focused economy by giving businesses access to global markets and enabling them to market themselves online to be competitive against exporters in other countries.
3. E-commerce is impacting many aspects of Bangladeshi society and the economy by lowering costs, transforming organizations, enhancing education and financial systems, and changing how businesses operate in areas like marketing, manufacturing, and transportation.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The document discusses electronic business (e-business) and electronic commerce (e-commerce), defining them and differentiating the two. It then lists three successful e-commerce companies (Amazon, Dell, Apple) and three failed ones (MVP.com, Thought Inc., Channel A), providing brief explanations for each. Finally, it discusses factors driving and inhibiting e-commerce growth in India, and provides statistics on e-commerce usage and growth in the country from 2006-2011.
This presentation summarizes e-commerce in Bangladesh in 3 sentences:
E-commerce refers to conducting business electronically over the internet and involves dimensions like B2B, B2C, and B2G. While e-commerce offers advantages like expanded markets and lower costs, its application is currently limited in Bangladesh due to factors like poor infrastructure, lack of awareness, and few credit card users. However, growth of e-commerce in Bangladesh may be possible by developing telecommunications, increasing government support, and changing public mindsets.
Effectiveness implementation of e commerce in the developing countries empiri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation in developing countries, using Jordan as a case study. The study aims to analyze factors affecting consumer online purchasing trends in Jordan and identify opportunities and risks of e-commerce. A survey was conducted with 177 participants in Jordan. The findings show that quality, price and global access are driving e-commerce's importance. However, the study also sought to identify other key factors for e-commerce success, such as product quality, security of payments, and the sufficiency of consumer protection laws.
This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of e-commerce in India. It discusses how e-commerce has grown rapidly in India in recent years due to innovations like cash on delivery payments. E-commerce is expected to continue growing as online user bases and transactions increase, and as opportunities expand beyond major cities to smaller tier 2 and 3 cities. The paper also outlines several factors influencing the forms and distribution of global e-commerce, such as economic, political, cultural, and institutional factors. It reviews literature on topics like the impact of e-commerce on consumers and businesses, and ethical issues arising in e-commerce. Overall the paper provides a broad overview of the state of e-commerce in India while also discussing some challenges that must
As transactions move online, the capacity of the competition regulator must evolve to be able to analyze transactions as they could have anti-trust implications.
“ The Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh” 2015 Premier University,ChittagongAriful Saimon
+
Faculty of Business Studies
Term Paper Report On
“ The Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh”
Submitted to,
Ms.Tanbina Tabassum
Assistant Professor
Department Of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University
Chittagong
Submitted By,
MD.Ariful Islam Saimon Chowdhury
ID-1021114412
Finance-A
22nd Batch
Session: November 2010
Premier University
Date of Submission: 16 August 2015
The Impact of Electronics Commerce in Bangladeshbadhon11-2104
1. E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over the internet and other computer networks. It is changing how businesses operate and transforming sectors like communications, finance, and retail.
2. E-commerce benefits Bangladesh's export-focused economy by giving businesses access to global markets and enabling them to market themselves online to be competitive against exporters in other countries.
3. E-commerce is impacting many aspects of Bangladeshi society and the economy by lowering costs, transforming organizations, enhancing education and financial systems, and changing how businesses operate in areas like marketing, manufacturing, and transportation.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
The document discusses electronic business (e-business) and electronic commerce (e-commerce), defining them and differentiating the two. It then lists three successful e-commerce companies (Amazon, Dell, Apple) and three failed ones (MVP.com, Thought Inc., Channel A), providing brief explanations for each. Finally, it discusses factors driving and inhibiting e-commerce growth in India, and provides statistics on e-commerce usage and growth in the country from 2006-2011.
This presentation summarizes e-commerce in Bangladesh in 3 sentences:
E-commerce refers to conducting business electronically over the internet and involves dimensions like B2B, B2C, and B2G. While e-commerce offers advantages like expanded markets and lower costs, its application is currently limited in Bangladesh due to factors like poor infrastructure, lack of awareness, and few credit card users. However, growth of e-commerce in Bangladesh may be possible by developing telecommunications, increasing government support, and changing public mindsets.
Effectiveness implementation of e commerce in the developing countries empiri...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of e-commerce implementation in developing countries, using Jordan as a case study. The study aims to analyze factors affecting consumer online purchasing trends in Jordan and identify opportunities and risks of e-commerce. A survey was conducted with 177 participants in Jordan. The findings show that quality, price and global access are driving e-commerce's importance. However, the study also sought to identify other key factors for e-commerce success, such as product quality, security of payments, and the sufficiency of consumer protection laws.
This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of e-commerce in India. It discusses how e-commerce has grown rapidly in India in recent years due to innovations like cash on delivery payments. E-commerce is expected to continue growing as online user bases and transactions increase, and as opportunities expand beyond major cities to smaller tier 2 and 3 cities. The paper also outlines several factors influencing the forms and distribution of global e-commerce, such as economic, political, cultural, and institutional factors. It reviews literature on topics like the impact of e-commerce on consumers and businesses, and ethical issues arising in e-commerce. Overall the paper provides a broad overview of the state of e-commerce in India while also discussing some challenges that must
As transactions move online, the capacity of the competition regulator must evolve to be able to analyze transactions as they could have anti-trust implications.
“ The Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh” 2015 Premier University,ChittagongAriful Saimon
+
Faculty of Business Studies
Term Paper Report On
“ The Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh”
Submitted to,
Ms.Tanbina Tabassum
Assistant Professor
Department Of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University
Chittagong
Submitted By,
MD.Ariful Islam Saimon Chowdhury
ID-1021114412
Finance-A
22nd Batch
Session: November 2010
Premier University
Date of Submission: 16 August 2015
E-Marketing in Bangladesh - Status, Potential & Constraints [Elegant (VI)]Md. Abdur Rakib
The document discusses the status, potential, and constraints of e-marketing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of e-marketing, including its various domains like business-to-consumer, business-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, and consumer-to-business. The document notes that e-marketing allows companies to create value for customers and build strong relationships electronically. It also outlines the objectives of the study, which are to examine the current status of e-marketing in Bangladesh, analyze its key potentials and barriers, and differentiate its implications for consumer and business markets.
The document provides an overview of the conceptual framework for a project on analyzing an e-commerce company in India called Future Bazaar India Limited. The analysis will slice the company into various aspects of its lifecycle from conceptualization to realization. It will highlight key entities in the e-commerce domain and discuss topics like strategies, anomalies, dominant players, customer centricity, and inputs from the project team. The summary will analyze the company from its founding to current operations and strategies.
Copy of the benefits and barriers of e business1nam126
E-business can provide significant benefits to the healthcare industry by improving quality of care, reducing costs, speeding up information sharing, and enhancing care delivery. To implement e-business, healthcare organizations should first diagnose operational pain points, prioritize the processes causing the most issues, examine risks and returns on investment, and then execute e-business solutions that will provide the greatest benefits.
The document discusses the architectural framework for electronic commerce. It proposes that the framework consists of six layers of functionality: 1) application services, 2) brokerage services, 3) interface and support layers, 4) secure messaging and document interchange, 5) middleware and structured document interchange, and 6) network infrastructure and communication services. These layers work together to integrate information access and exchange across applications, enabling a seamless transition between current and future computing resources.
The Impact of E-Business Adoption on a Global Marketing: A Case Study of SMEs...inventionjournals
In the era of globalization pursuing a sophisticated and develop, people are more inclined to the use of media electronic as a complement to a daily life. Almost a large amount and a half of the cycle of human life in this era tended to and controlled by the media electronic as an auxiliary handling in daily life. It is also beneficial to the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) to broaden their sources of income into globalize and it is certainly helpful to boost their goods and services in the market. The purpose of this case is to identify the impact of E-Business adoption on a global marketing of SME in Malaysia as many SMEs has become globalize. Thus, several studies have been taken off as a reference to be studied further to the influence of e-business into a small medium enterprise in Malaysia. E-business (electronic business) is carrying out the process of business on the Internet. The processes of e-business are including buying and selling products, service and supply; service to customers; payment processing; recruiting; and much more. So, in this paper, we could see how this ebusiness process could be influenced in a global marketing of SME in Malaysia based on a promotion, distribution, product, price and the customer services.
This document provides an introduction to eBusiness. It defines eBusiness as the integration of business software to create value for a company, customers, and partners. eBusiness includes online selling, buying, customer service, collaboration, and other functions. It covers more than just eCommerce, involving the entire value chain and integration between software, customers, employees, and a company. Facts about eBusiness in Europe show online sales growing 15% annually and over 200 million online buyers by 2015. Challenges of eBusiness include technical issues, marketing, customer trust, and security threats. The future of eBusiness is expected to include continued growth, blurred online/offline lines, mobile usage, and more personalized experiences.
This document provides an overview of the status of e-commerce in Bangladesh, outlining its potential applications, supportive framework, and constraints. It discusses the three dimensions of e-commerce - business to consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B), and business to government (B2G) - and their current and potential uses in Bangladesh. It examines the country's relevant legislation, telecommunications infrastructure, financing mechanisms, human capital, and issues of governance that impact e-commerce development. Major constraints identified include inadequate telecom infrastructure, absence of an independent telecom regulator, lack of laws enabling digital signatures and contracts, and challenges of doing business like high costs, bureaucracy and corruption. The document concludes with recommendations to
The document discusses the topic of electronic commerce and is structured as a project report submitted by a student named Mohit Bairwa. It contains 8 chapters that cover introductions to e-commerce concepts, the relationship between e-commerce and the world wide web, the architectural framework for e-commerce applications, technologies that power the web, network security and firewalls, examples of e-commerce companies, and a pictorial representation and conclusion of e-commerce. The student acknowledges help from their college and professor in completing the project report.
This document provides an introduction to eBusiness, including definitions of key terms, facts and statistics about eBusiness usage, challenges, and the future outlook. It defines eBusiness as using digital tools for both internal and external business purposes, including eCommerce (online selling), eMarketing, and social media. Facts presented include that 80% of Finns use the internet daily, over 25% of global tourists share experiences online, and eCommerce sales will reach $4 trillion by 2020. Challenges include low conversion rates, internationalization difficulties, and engaging customers. The future is predicted to include continued growth, blurred online/offline boundaries, increased personalization and automation through AI.
This document is a chapter from an introduction to e-business and e-commerce textbook. It defines key terms like e-business and e-commerce and discusses the reasons for their adoption. It also outlines some of the management issues organizations face when implementing e-business and e-commerce strategies and lists potential risks. Examples of major companies in different e-commerce categories are provided to illustrate various models.
This presentation provides an overview of e-commerce in Bangladesh. It begins with defining e-commerce as conducting business over the Internet. It then discusses the history and development of e-commerce from the 1960s to the present. The main categories and applications of e-commerce are outlined. Statistics on the growth rate of e-commerce in Bangladesh from 1971-2010 are presented in comparison to other countries like Pakistan and India. Key barriers to e-commerce in Bangladesh and advantages it provides are summarized. Popular sectors and websites for e-commerce in Bangladesh are listed. The presentation concludes that while e-commerce is still limited in Bangladesh, growth may be possible by improving infrastructure, awareness, and mindsets.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
1) The document discusses the economic and social impacts of e-commerce in India. It notes that e-commerce is growing rapidly in India at 30-60% annually and will have 30 million online buyers by 2015.
2) E-commerce provides benefits to businesses in India like worldwide trade opportunities and lower search costs. It also strengthens downstream buyers. However, it could enable collusion and increase competition.
3) The government can play a role in facilitating e-commerce by supporting infrastructure, skills development, and market access. E-commerce presents opportunities for economic growth but also challenges for adaptation.
This document is a report on e-commerce practices in Bangladesh submitted for a university course. It discusses the key stakeholders in Bangladesh's e-commerce industry, the four main types of e-commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C, B2G), growth in internet and credit card usage, popular e-commerce sites, and factors driving online shopping growth. It analyzes promising sectors for e-commerce and finds that while internet penetration is rising, e-commerce is still largely confined to urban areas. It concludes the government and industry groups should encourage all businesses and customers to engage in e-commerce and online payments.
Future of electronic commerce in bangladeshtinna1187
This document is a student paper submitted to a marketing course teacher that discusses the future of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Bangladesh. It begins by defining e-commerce and outlining its current and potential benefits. It then analyzes the current state of e-commerce in Bangladesh, identifying constraints like low incomes, weak infrastructure, and lack of credit cards. The paper finds that while business-to-business e-commerce is established, business-to-consumer e-commerce faces challenges. To realize e-commerce's potential, Bangladesh must address issues of telecommunications access, regulations, and consumer awareness while international and domestic companies adopt new technologies.
This document presents a conceptual framework to promote trust in online retailing in Saudi Arabia. A study was conducted with retailers and customers in Saudi Arabia to identify factors inhibiting online retail growth. The key inhibitory factor identified was lack of trust in the online retail environment. The proposed conceptual framework has five parts aimed at promoting trust: 1) establishing regulations and standards, 2) ensuring secure payment methods, 3) providing customer support and education, 4) creating retailer certification programs, and 5) developing third-party assurance seals. The framework is intended to address the trust issues identified and help accelerate growth of the online retail sector in Saudi Arabia.
E-business refers to businesses that operate online or use internet technologies. The most common implementation is an online storefront to reach more customers than a physical store. An e-business may also use e-procurement to acquire wholesale supplies online at lower costs. While e-business provides advantages like wider reach and lower costs, disadvantages include sector limitations for some industries like perishable food products, and high costs of implementation and maintenance of online systems and infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (EC), including definitions, classifications, frameworks, and a brief history. It defines EC and describes its major categories such as business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and intrabusiness EC. The document also outlines the content and components of an EC framework, including infrastructure, people, policies, marketing, support services, and partnerships. It classifies EC transactions into various models including B2C, B2B, C2C, mobile commerce, and e-government.
Local Small Scale Enterprises Expectations and Potential Benefits on e Commer...ijtsrd
This study assessed the expectations and potential benefits on e commerce of local small scale enterprises in Northern Samar, Philippines. Specifically, it tried to find out the profile of the seventy four enterprises in the province, evaluate the expectations of the small scale enterprises on e commerce capabilities and determine the potential benefits of the small scale enterprises from e commerce implementation. The descriptive evaluative research was used. This study likewise employed the complete enumeration of the enterprises that have potential in adapting e commerce. The enterprise’s primary business included industrial products manufacturing, computers and electronics manufacturing, communications, financial services, computer services, consulting, consumer products manufacturing, food and agriculture, and others. The enterprises had one 1 to four 4 personal computers and had one telephone line. Majority of the enterprises had an access to the internet on a broadband line. And that, e commerce capabilities will be implemented within one year. The potential benefits of e commerce use to the enterprise were very significant. The respondents considered that through e commerce the enterprises will improve its information exchange with customers, increase the loyalty and retention of the customers, and increase the service to the customer as well as the revenue. Moreover, e commerce is very important in the improvement of the competitive position to the enterprise and also the enhancement of the image of enterprise. Dr. Maiden Grace Anquilo Gan "Local Small Scale Enterprises: Expectations and Potential Benefits on e-Commerce Landscape" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49705.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-and-retail-research/49705/local-small-scale-enterprises-expectations-and-potential-benefits-on-ecommerce-landscape/dr-maiden-grace-anquilo-gan
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also substantially influenced by it. Now, the resources of the businesses are primarily managed by using ICT supports that helps perform tasks faster and more accurate than before. But the developing countries are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of business management processes as the effort is substantially hindered by a strong but ineffective work culture. Therefore, to use ICT in business management we need to know the issues and challenges of it.
E-Marketing in Bangladesh - Status, Potential & Constraints [Elegant (VI)]Md. Abdur Rakib
The document discusses the status, potential, and constraints of e-marketing in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of e-marketing, including its various domains like business-to-consumer, business-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, and consumer-to-business. The document notes that e-marketing allows companies to create value for customers and build strong relationships electronically. It also outlines the objectives of the study, which are to examine the current status of e-marketing in Bangladesh, analyze its key potentials and barriers, and differentiate its implications for consumer and business markets.
The document provides an overview of the conceptual framework for a project on analyzing an e-commerce company in India called Future Bazaar India Limited. The analysis will slice the company into various aspects of its lifecycle from conceptualization to realization. It will highlight key entities in the e-commerce domain and discuss topics like strategies, anomalies, dominant players, customer centricity, and inputs from the project team. The summary will analyze the company from its founding to current operations and strategies.
Copy of the benefits and barriers of e business1nam126
E-business can provide significant benefits to the healthcare industry by improving quality of care, reducing costs, speeding up information sharing, and enhancing care delivery. To implement e-business, healthcare organizations should first diagnose operational pain points, prioritize the processes causing the most issues, examine risks and returns on investment, and then execute e-business solutions that will provide the greatest benefits.
The document discusses the architectural framework for electronic commerce. It proposes that the framework consists of six layers of functionality: 1) application services, 2) brokerage services, 3) interface and support layers, 4) secure messaging and document interchange, 5) middleware and structured document interchange, and 6) network infrastructure and communication services. These layers work together to integrate information access and exchange across applications, enabling a seamless transition between current and future computing resources.
The Impact of E-Business Adoption on a Global Marketing: A Case Study of SMEs...inventionjournals
In the era of globalization pursuing a sophisticated and develop, people are more inclined to the use of media electronic as a complement to a daily life. Almost a large amount and a half of the cycle of human life in this era tended to and controlled by the media electronic as an auxiliary handling in daily life. It is also beneficial to the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) to broaden their sources of income into globalize and it is certainly helpful to boost their goods and services in the market. The purpose of this case is to identify the impact of E-Business adoption on a global marketing of SME in Malaysia as many SMEs has become globalize. Thus, several studies have been taken off as a reference to be studied further to the influence of e-business into a small medium enterprise in Malaysia. E-business (electronic business) is carrying out the process of business on the Internet. The processes of e-business are including buying and selling products, service and supply; service to customers; payment processing; recruiting; and much more. So, in this paper, we could see how this ebusiness process could be influenced in a global marketing of SME in Malaysia based on a promotion, distribution, product, price and the customer services.
This document provides an introduction to eBusiness. It defines eBusiness as the integration of business software to create value for a company, customers, and partners. eBusiness includes online selling, buying, customer service, collaboration, and other functions. It covers more than just eCommerce, involving the entire value chain and integration between software, customers, employees, and a company. Facts about eBusiness in Europe show online sales growing 15% annually and over 200 million online buyers by 2015. Challenges of eBusiness include technical issues, marketing, customer trust, and security threats. The future of eBusiness is expected to include continued growth, blurred online/offline lines, mobile usage, and more personalized experiences.
This document provides an overview of the status of e-commerce in Bangladesh, outlining its potential applications, supportive framework, and constraints. It discusses the three dimensions of e-commerce - business to consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B), and business to government (B2G) - and their current and potential uses in Bangladesh. It examines the country's relevant legislation, telecommunications infrastructure, financing mechanisms, human capital, and issues of governance that impact e-commerce development. Major constraints identified include inadequate telecom infrastructure, absence of an independent telecom regulator, lack of laws enabling digital signatures and contracts, and challenges of doing business like high costs, bureaucracy and corruption. The document concludes with recommendations to
The document discusses the topic of electronic commerce and is structured as a project report submitted by a student named Mohit Bairwa. It contains 8 chapters that cover introductions to e-commerce concepts, the relationship between e-commerce and the world wide web, the architectural framework for e-commerce applications, technologies that power the web, network security and firewalls, examples of e-commerce companies, and a pictorial representation and conclusion of e-commerce. The student acknowledges help from their college and professor in completing the project report.
This document provides an introduction to eBusiness, including definitions of key terms, facts and statistics about eBusiness usage, challenges, and the future outlook. It defines eBusiness as using digital tools for both internal and external business purposes, including eCommerce (online selling), eMarketing, and social media. Facts presented include that 80% of Finns use the internet daily, over 25% of global tourists share experiences online, and eCommerce sales will reach $4 trillion by 2020. Challenges include low conversion rates, internationalization difficulties, and engaging customers. The future is predicted to include continued growth, blurred online/offline boundaries, increased personalization and automation through AI.
This document is a chapter from an introduction to e-business and e-commerce textbook. It defines key terms like e-business and e-commerce and discusses the reasons for their adoption. It also outlines some of the management issues organizations face when implementing e-business and e-commerce strategies and lists potential risks. Examples of major companies in different e-commerce categories are provided to illustrate various models.
This presentation provides an overview of e-commerce in Bangladesh. It begins with defining e-commerce as conducting business over the Internet. It then discusses the history and development of e-commerce from the 1960s to the present. The main categories and applications of e-commerce are outlined. Statistics on the growth rate of e-commerce in Bangladesh from 1971-2010 are presented in comparison to other countries like Pakistan and India. Key barriers to e-commerce in Bangladesh and advantages it provides are summarized. Popular sectors and websites for e-commerce in Bangladesh are listed. The presentation concludes that while e-commerce is still limited in Bangladesh, growth may be possible by improving infrastructure, awareness, and mindsets.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
1) The document discusses the economic and social impacts of e-commerce in India. It notes that e-commerce is growing rapidly in India at 30-60% annually and will have 30 million online buyers by 2015.
2) E-commerce provides benefits to businesses in India like worldwide trade opportunities and lower search costs. It also strengthens downstream buyers. However, it could enable collusion and increase competition.
3) The government can play a role in facilitating e-commerce by supporting infrastructure, skills development, and market access. E-commerce presents opportunities for economic growth but also challenges for adaptation.
This document is a report on e-commerce practices in Bangladesh submitted for a university course. It discusses the key stakeholders in Bangladesh's e-commerce industry, the four main types of e-commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C, B2G), growth in internet and credit card usage, popular e-commerce sites, and factors driving online shopping growth. It analyzes promising sectors for e-commerce and finds that while internet penetration is rising, e-commerce is still largely confined to urban areas. It concludes the government and industry groups should encourage all businesses and customers to engage in e-commerce and online payments.
Future of electronic commerce in bangladeshtinna1187
This document is a student paper submitted to a marketing course teacher that discusses the future of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Bangladesh. It begins by defining e-commerce and outlining its current and potential benefits. It then analyzes the current state of e-commerce in Bangladesh, identifying constraints like low incomes, weak infrastructure, and lack of credit cards. The paper finds that while business-to-business e-commerce is established, business-to-consumer e-commerce faces challenges. To realize e-commerce's potential, Bangladesh must address issues of telecommunications access, regulations, and consumer awareness while international and domestic companies adopt new technologies.
This document presents a conceptual framework to promote trust in online retailing in Saudi Arabia. A study was conducted with retailers and customers in Saudi Arabia to identify factors inhibiting online retail growth. The key inhibitory factor identified was lack of trust in the online retail environment. The proposed conceptual framework has five parts aimed at promoting trust: 1) establishing regulations and standards, 2) ensuring secure payment methods, 3) providing customer support and education, 4) creating retailer certification programs, and 5) developing third-party assurance seals. The framework is intended to address the trust issues identified and help accelerate growth of the online retail sector in Saudi Arabia.
E-business refers to businesses that operate online or use internet technologies. The most common implementation is an online storefront to reach more customers than a physical store. An e-business may also use e-procurement to acquire wholesale supplies online at lower costs. While e-business provides advantages like wider reach and lower costs, disadvantages include sector limitations for some industries like perishable food products, and high costs of implementation and maintenance of online systems and infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (EC), including definitions, classifications, frameworks, and a brief history. It defines EC and describes its major categories such as business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and intrabusiness EC. The document also outlines the content and components of an EC framework, including infrastructure, people, policies, marketing, support services, and partnerships. It classifies EC transactions into various models including B2C, B2B, C2C, mobile commerce, and e-government.
Local Small Scale Enterprises Expectations and Potential Benefits on e Commer...ijtsrd
This study assessed the expectations and potential benefits on e commerce of local small scale enterprises in Northern Samar, Philippines. Specifically, it tried to find out the profile of the seventy four enterprises in the province, evaluate the expectations of the small scale enterprises on e commerce capabilities and determine the potential benefits of the small scale enterprises from e commerce implementation. The descriptive evaluative research was used. This study likewise employed the complete enumeration of the enterprises that have potential in adapting e commerce. The enterprise’s primary business included industrial products manufacturing, computers and electronics manufacturing, communications, financial services, computer services, consulting, consumer products manufacturing, food and agriculture, and others. The enterprises had one 1 to four 4 personal computers and had one telephone line. Majority of the enterprises had an access to the internet on a broadband line. And that, e commerce capabilities will be implemented within one year. The potential benefits of e commerce use to the enterprise were very significant. The respondents considered that through e commerce the enterprises will improve its information exchange with customers, increase the loyalty and retention of the customers, and increase the service to the customer as well as the revenue. Moreover, e commerce is very important in the improvement of the competitive position to the enterprise and also the enhancement of the image of enterprise. Dr. Maiden Grace Anquilo Gan "Local Small Scale Enterprises: Expectations and Potential Benefits on e-Commerce Landscape" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49705.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-and-retail-research/49705/local-small-scale-enterprises-expectations-and-potential-benefits-on-ecommerce-landscape/dr-maiden-grace-anquilo-gan
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also substantially influenced by it. Now, the resources of the businesses are primarily managed by using ICT supports that helps perform tasks faster and more accurate than before. But the developing countries are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of business management processes as the effort is substantially hindered by a strong but ineffective work culture. Therefore, to use ICT in business management we need to know the issues and challenges of it.
Information and communication technology (ICT) brings numerous benefits to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by helping tasks be performed faster and more accurately. However, SMEs in developing countries face challenges in fully utilizing ICT due to issues like a lack of necessary internal skills, high costs of implementation, and insufficient telecommunication infrastructure and access to relevant ICT advice. Addressing these challenges by improving ICT education and infrastructure would help SMEs better integrate ICT into management and gain greater efficiencies.
This document discusses how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries can benefit from electronic commerce (e-commerce). It notes that while ICT has transformed business globally, SMEs in developing countries face obstacles to adopting e-commerce like higher costs and language barriers. The document aims to provide guidance for helping SMEs in developing countries become "e-ready" and able to take advantage of opportunities through e-commerce, such as reduced transaction costs. It reviews literature on e-commerce adoption by SMEs and developing countries, noting most studies have focused on developed nations.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Adum Central Business District of Kumasi, Ghana. The study found that while awareness of ICTs was high, only 23% of SMEs used computers and 49% used mobile phones to support their businesses. Additionally, 54% of the SMEs did not have internet access. The study recommended that Ghanaian government agencies and other stakeholders help educate business owners on the benefits of using ICTs to gain a competitive advantage. It also suggested improving access to hardware, software, and ICT infrastructure to help SMEs better exploit technology.
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This document summarizes a study on the adoption of business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study collected data through surveys of 222 SMEs. It aims to assess factors influencing SMEs' adoption of e-commerce, including perceived characteristics of innovation, organizational factors, and demographics. A regression model was estimated to examine the effects of these explanatory variables on adoption intention as the dependent variable. The study found perceived compatibility, complexity, observability, company internet usage, and number of computer literate employees had significant effects on willingness to adopt e-commerce, explaining 34.2% of the variation. The findings provide implications for policies
Recent development of information technology has brought dramatic increase of strategic use of
information system in businesses all over the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated this movement for
business in a massive scale and prompted all businesses especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to
adopt technology as a solution to remain sustainable, competitive, and engaged with more customers for their
satisfaction.
Among the courses offered by Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) Bachelor of Science in
Accountancy (BSA) had a reputation of consisting of bright students and performing well in the board exam,
even being included in the topnotchers. However somewhere along the line, its performance has dwindled down,
and has been one of the poor performers in licensure exams among other board courses in PLM
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ADOPTION IN TH...ectijjournal
The study evaluated the perceived benefits of electronic business adoption in the Zimbabwean service sector in Harare. A qualitative case study was adopted. The interview technique was deployed as a data gathering instrument. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 service sector companies registered on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (SZE).The findings revealed that electronic business is a catalyst to organisational profitability and productivity. The study also discovered that electronic business improves communication and open economy at national and international level. The study recommended that in order for the sustainable growth of electronic business to take place, the institutional environment requires to be in favour of the online trading systems.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ADOPTION IN TH...ectijjournal
The study evaluated the perceived benefits of electronic business adoption in the Zimbabwean service sector
in Harare. A qualitative case study was adopted. The interview technique was deployed as a data gathering
instrument. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 service sector companies registered on the Zimbabwe
Stock Exchange (SZE).The findings revealed that electronic business is a catalyst to organisational
profitability and productivity. The study also discovered that electronic business improves communication
and open economy at national and international level. The study recommended that in order for the
sustainable growth of electronic business to take place, the institutional environment requires to be in favour
of the online trading systems.
This document provides an overview of a research study on e-commerce adoption in Indonesia. It discusses factors that influence e-commerce adoption in developing countries like political conditions, economic factors, technology infrastructure and more. It then provides details on e-commerce adoption levels and benefits. The study aims to assess e-commerce adoption in Indonesia by examining the adoption level, benefits, challenges and problems organizations face. Preliminary findings indicate positive growth of e-commerce in Indonesia.
This paper aims to measure the e-business adoption activities in Yemeni SMEs. The paper employed a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) case approach. The results indicate that Yemeni SMEs are at the early stages of e-business adoption
Adaptation and barriers of e commerce in tanzania small and medium enterprisesAlexander Decker
This document discusses barriers to e-commerce adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania. It identifies six categories of barriers: technical, organizational, social, legal/regulatory, skills/knowledge, and infrastructure. A survey was conducted of SMEs that do and do not use e-commerce to determine the most significant barriers in the Tanzanian context. The results showed that technical barriers were the most important overall, while lack of internet security was the highest individual barrier. The findings imply more efforts are needed to encourage e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Tanzania, especially for more advanced applications.
- E-commerce in India has grown rapidly over the past two decades as internet and mobile phone penetration has increased.
- Currently, online travel makes up 70% of the e-commerce market, while e-tailing (online retail and marketplaces) is the fastest growing segment.
- Key factors driving growth include expanding internet access, more affordable smartphones, and improved consumer awareness of online shopping options.
This document provides a review of e-commerce in India. It discusses key factors driving the growth of e-commerce in India such as the rise in digital capabilities and internet penetration, government initiatives like Digital India, increasing investment, availability of internet content in local languages, growth of e-transactions and smartphones. The COVID-19 pandemic positively impacted the e-commerce industry in India. The literature review discusses past research on the role of e-commerce in business and factors influencing online shopping behavior. The methodology section outlines the use of primary and secondary data sources. Key research findings are presented on driving factors like rising internet penetration and the smartphone user base in India.
1. The document discusses the scope, needs, and importance of e-commerce. It describes how e-commerce involves buying and selling products over the internet and other networks using technologies like online payments and inventory management.
2. The document outlines several areas of business that e-commerce impacts, including marketing, computer science, finance, economics, and operations management. E-commerce allows for faster order processing, mass customization, and reduced costs.
3. The document emphasizes that e-commerce levels the playing field for small and medium businesses to compete globally. It also provides developing countries more access to international markets. Overall, e-commerce has significantly changed traditional business models and customer relationships.
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
Online Technology and Marketing of Financial Services in Nigeria: An Impact A...IOSR Journals
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1) The document discusses electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Morocco, including definitions of e-commerce, the different domains of e-commerce, advantages, and the current state of e-commerce in Morocco.
2) E-commerce in Morocco is still embryonic, with most companies not practicing e-commerce despite being computerized and using the internet. The top constraints to e-commerce development in Morocco are lack of security in internet transactions, lack of customer trust, and lack of legislation regulating e-commerce.
3) For e-commerce to develop in Morocco, the document suggests raising awareness, establishing legislation, and facilitating administrative procedures to give consumers and entrepreneurs more confidence in e-commerce
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Adoption of e commerce solutions in small and medium-sized enterprises in ghana
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.10, 2012
Adoption of E-Commerce Solutions in Small and Medium-Sized
Enterprises in Ghana
Faisal Iddris
Department of Management Studies Education,
University Of Education, Winneba, Ghana,
P.O Box 1277, Kumasi, Ghana
E-mail of the corresponding author: faidis08@gmail.com
Abstract
Extensive research has been done on e-Commerce to demonstrate the tremendous benefits it offer Businesses.
However, SMEs especially in developing countries have not fully adopted e-Commerce solutions. Therefore
there is the need to identify and measure the perceived importance of driving forces and barriers in the adoption
of e-Commerce solutions among SMEs. A questionnaire based on the factors identified has been developed and
face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 SME Managers which were inclusive of survey sample of 61
Ghanaian SMEs. This research highlights findings from survey and interviews with SMEs in Kumasi, Ghana.
Findings from this study shows that SMEs online sales is virtually nil, the most common e-Commerce application
is the use of e-mail for communication and the main reason for having a website is to show basic information
about product and services as well as contact information. Some of the barriers to e-Commerce adoption
identified includes: lack of right technical skills, e-Commerce security, initial cost, resistance by people and
culture, lack of interest by management, lack of developed legal and regulatory system. Among the implications
of this study is that the findings provide a useful insight to governmental agencies, policy makers, e-Marketing
experts, supply chain specialist to be able to assist SMEs who desire to deploy e-Commerce systems.
Keywords: Small to medium-sized enterprises, e-Commerce, Surveys, Ghana
1. Introduction
e-Commerce is changing business process in many organisations and, is set to have significant socio-
technical implications (Al-Qirim, 2003:Currie, 2000). This is due to the fact that many researchers hold the
view that e-Commerce has positive impact on business operations. Policy makers and managers are certain that e-
Commerce conveys wide range of benefits, and companies that are left behind in adopting this new system cannot
compete favourably in the global marketplace (Noor, 2009). Some business entities around the world have
implemented e-Commerce and some of the benefits reaped includes: improvements in operational efficiency and
revenue generation by integrating e-Commerce into their value chain activities, access to wider range of markets,
greater potential for partnership with suppliers and vendors, improved customer services, accessibility, flexibility
in administration and partnership, information update, lower transaction costs, product/service differentiation,
ability to enter supply chain of larger companies (Vaithianathan, 2010). Unfortunately, SMEs in Africa has lagged
behind most of the world’s economies in tapping into these possibilities and emerging technologies and therefore
could not realised the full potential benefits of e-Commerce.
Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often seen as vital for the growth and innovation of dynamic
economies as they help to diversify economies. SMEs account for 60 percent to 70 percent of jobs in most
developed and developing countries and for most new jobs that are created, within Africa, several countries in
Africa have prioritised their investment in SMEs (Gordon, 2003). SMEs account for about 85% of
manufacturing jobs in Ghana, the manufacturing sectors is said to be a characteristic feature of the production
landscape ( Aryeetey, 2001) Again about 70% of Ghana’s GDP is contributed by SMEs and it is estimated that
91% of the formal business entities are Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) (Berry et al., 2002:
Hassbroeck, 1996).
Information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly e-Commerce, are considered very important to
Ghanaian economy, as a result, Ghana is seeking to enact legislation to enable and encourage the adoption of e-
Commerce. In addition, there has been proliferation of telecommunication companies in Ghana providing
Internet services as a way of encouraging businesses, especially SMEs, to adopt e-Commerce. However, little is
known about SMEs e-Commerce activities. In addition, there has been number of studies on the adoption of e-
Commerce solutions by SMES (Molla and Licker 2005;Tan, Tyler, & Manica, 2007), these studies identified
some of the barriers experienced by SMEs in implementing e-Commerce solutions in advance economies. There
is therefore the need for a study that will look at African situation in general and Ghanaian context in particular.
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In Ghana, e-Commerce use among SMEs is a new phenomenon. While e-Commerce solutions has been adopted
by some multinational and large organisations, Small and Medium-size Enterprises have been slower in adopting
these technologies, this low rate of adoption and the SMEs inability to take advantage of emerging Internet
technology to improve their business operations deserves serious attention.
This paper addresses three issues:
(1) Identify and measure the uses of e-Commerce applications in SMEs
(2) Perceived importance of driving forces for the adoption of e-Commerce.
(3) Barriers to adoption of e-Commerce.
The structure of this paper is as follows. This section introduces the purpose and objectives of the study. The
second section discusses the literature review. The third section presents the research method and the data
collection process. The following section presents the results and discussions, while the last section discusses the
managerial and research implications, limitations and conclusions of the study.
2. Literature Review
e-Commerce
There is no consensus on definition of e-Commerce, Turban, Lee, King, McKay, Lee & Viehland (2008)
define e-Commerce as the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, and/or
information via computer networks, including the Internet. Turban et.al, further distinguishes between Internet
and non-Internet e-Commerce. The non-Internet e-Commerce includes for example buying and paying for
services or product with smart card through vending machines and/or transactions undertaking via network such
as Local Area networks (LAN), using intranets or even single computerised machine. Some researchers see e-
Commerce in terms of Internet applications, such as intranet, extranet, website and email (Drew 2003). Others
view e-Commerce as combination of business processes and Internet technologies such as interactions with
customers and suppliers (Kendall, Tung, Chua, K.H., Ng, C.H.D., & Tan, S.M., 2001). However there is general
consensus among researchers that the main components of e-Commerce include: website, email, intranet,
extranet, LAN and wireless area network (WAN), Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
e-Commerce is an umbrella concept to integrate wide range of existing and new applications (Kalakota, &
Whinston, 1996) e-Commerce be can categorised into various type of application and the usage.
Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwic, Mayer, and Johnston, (2009) categorised various model of e-Commerce into:
1. (C2C) Customer to Customer where consumers directly transact with other consumers in the cyberspace.
(Hoffman & Novak, 1996) identified C2C interaction as important model in Internet based transactions
and suggested the need for companies to take it into consideration in their market planning effort.
Their assertion is exemplified by the growth of social network site in recent times
2. (B2C) Business to Customer is where customers learn about products or services through electronic
publishing, and buy them using electronic cash and secure payment systems, and have them delivered
electronically or through physical channel (Vaithianathan, 2010).
3. (B2B) Business to Business is e-market transaction in which businesses, governments, and other
organisations depend on computer-to-computer communications as a fast, an economical, and a
dependable way to conduct business transactions (Vaithianathan, 2010).
4. (C2B) Customer to Business is type of online transactions where consumers initiate trading with
companies.
5. (C2G) Customer to Government is type of online interaction where feedback is given to government
through pressure group or individual sites.
6. (B2G) Business to Government is type of online interaction where feedback from businesses is given
to government and non-government organisations
7. (G2C) Government to Citizen is type of online interaction through which government offer national
transactions such as local government services, national government information, and tax information. This
study focused on e-Commerce adoption in B2C and B2B, since the other e-Commerce models are not well
developed in Ghana especially G2C, C2G and B2G.
1.1 Reasons for Adoption of e-Commerce by SMEs
Molla and Licker (2005) claim that e-Commerce facilitates the growth and expansion of firms in developing
countries due to the ability of the Internet and ICT to reduce cost of transactions, to eliminate intermediaries and
facilitating linkages to the global supply chains. The expansion and growth can be possible if SMEs in less
developed countries can take advantage of Internet technologies to make substantial savings on communication,
production process, and delivery of goods and services.
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Jeyaraj, Rottman and Lacity (2006) identified two major external pressure such as trading partners(customers
and supplier) and competitive pressure in SMEs e-Commerce adoption. The reason being that SMEs being part
of larger system will be subjected to external pressure in order to conform to technologies used by suppliers and
customers for optimisation of transactions. Scupola (2011) analysis of SMEs in Demark and Australia revealed
that environmental factors that are significant in e-Commerce adoption were customer pressure and access and
quality of ICT consulting Services.
The use of ICT to improve business competitiveness has gained recognition in several studies and indeed SMEs
have been trying and testing new e-Commerce models in spite of their scarce resources (Dongen, Maitland &
Sadowski, 2002). The main factors that push for successful innovation are a combination of having a dedicated
and motivated individual, usually the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and paying attention to a multitude of good
management activities and attitudes (Tidd, Bessant, & Pavitt, 2001) this includes the ability to scan, predict and
respond to the dynamic business environment. Actinic (2003) recent surveys suggest that the main reason for e-
Commerce adoption amongst UK SMEs is to increase sales while others suggest more illusory motivations for
adopting e-Commerce.
Kalakota and Robinson (2001) see the adoption of e-Commerce as more of an external pressure brought about by
a new type of customer value proposition of what they want, when and how they want it and at the lowest cost.
Daniel, Wilson and Myers (2002) stated that SMEs in the UK are adopting e-Commerce in four stages as: (1)
developers; (2) communicators; (3) those with web presence; and (4) transactors. Developers are developing their
first e-mail and website, communicators are using e-mail and exchanging documents and designs electronically
with customers and suppliers; web presence means websites with online ordering facilities; and transactors are
those using online ordering and payment capabilities. This stage approach has been criticised because firms can
leapfrog the stages. Al-Qirim, (2003) identified level of national infrastructure and government involvement in
fostering e-Commerce adoption as other important factors which need consideration by policy makers.
2.2 e-Commerce Adoption Barriers
Ghobakhloo, Arias-Aranda and Benitez-Amado (2011) e-Commerce adoption has been hindered by the quality,
availability, and cost of access to necessary infrastructure in developing countries, whilst developed countries
have employed a relatively well-developed, accessible and affordable infrastructure for e-Commerce initiatives.
Tan, Tyler, and Manica (2007) SMEs in developing countries face challenges different from those in advance
economies and the degree of the adoption and expected benefits varies. This might be as results of the differences
in socio-cultural settings. Khalifa, Irani and Baldwin (1999) pointed out that perceived or real risk is one of the
major barriers to adoption of ICT, the risk can be loss of data, breakdown of IT infrastructure and uncertainties.
Khalifa et al went on to state that privacy, security, authentication and legal issues, are the main elements
associated with e-Commerce. The main barriers to e-Commerce adoption appear to be the unwillingness of
managers to be responsible for technological change (Kalakota & Robinson, 2001). Timmers (1999) viewed that
issues concerning security, costs, legislation and interoperability is as a result of ignorance surrounding new
technologies. Bodorick, Dhaliwal and Jutla (2002) identified limited resources as a distinctive characteristic of
SMEs and therefore a barrier for them to compete in the global e-commerce market. Darch and Lucas (2002) in
their study of Australian SMEs found that costs, unawareness of what e-Commerce involves, lack of e-
Commerce skills, lack of knowledge, lack of help and lack of time, inadequate telecommunications infrastructure,
lack of trust and the relevance of e-Commerce to their particular industry sector as the man perceived barriers to
adoption of e-Commerce. Limthongchai and Speece (2003) found that one of major barrier in developing e-
Commerce is the security of using e-Commerce. To adopt e-Commerce, information safety is essential for the
company to have integrity of the entire system.
Table 1 e-Commerce adoption among SMEs
Study Major Factors/ Findings
Idisemi et al, (2011) Investigated factors affecting the effective utilisation of information and communication
technology (ICT) and the adoption of more sophisticated ICT solutions in small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. The paper identifies eight key
factors that affect the effective utilisation and adoption of more sophisticated or
advanced ICT solutions in Nigerian SMEs. The barriers identified includes:
infrastructural inadequacy, financial constraints/cost of implementation, lack of
awareness and education, lack of skills and training, lack of openness and knowledge
sharing, lack of policy and institutional framework, electricity constraint, lack of
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support from government and banks
Ghobakhloo et al., Examine the factors within the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework
(2011) that affect the decision to adopt electronic commerce (EC) and extent of EC adoption,
as well as adoption and non-adoption of different EC applications within small- and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The Findings of the study revealed that e-Commerce
adoption within SMEs is affected by perceived relative advantage, perceived
compatibility, CEO’s innovativeness, information intensity, buyer/supplier pressure,
support from technology vendors, and competition.
Ifinedo (2011) Conducted a study which aimed at contributing to the discussion related to what
causes Canadian small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) to be reticent about
accepting internet and e-business technologies (IEBT) in their operations and to also
seeks to gain an understanding of the relative importance of each of the selected factors
in the research setting. The research findings indicated that perceived benefits,
management commitment/support, and external pressure are significant predictors of
IEBT acceptance in the sampled SMEs; the results did not show that organizational IT
competence, IS vendor support, and availability of financial support positively influence
IEBT acceptance in the sampled SMEs.
Love et al., (2001) Conducted an empirical analysis of the barriers to implementing e-Commerce in SMES
in construction, Australia. The paper identified and categorized substantial barriers into
technical, financial, organisational and behavioural. In addition, risk, uncertainty,
change and knowledge were identified as the underlying factors in EC adoption
2. Methodology And Data Collection
The sampling frame of this study consists of SMEs engaging in manufacturing, retailing and services activities
located in Kumasi, Ashanti region of Ghana. Kumasi was selected because it is the second largest city in Ghana
with vibrant economic activities. The major economic activities are commerce/services 71 percent,
manufacturing/industry 24 percent and primary production 5 percent (KMA.com, 2012). Additionally, it has good
Internet access, with number of Telecommunication companies (MTN, TIGO, EXPRESSO, AIRTEL,
VODAFONE, GLO) offering Internet services on their network in the city as well as other Internet Service
Providers (ISPs).
The data was collected by means of survey and also face-to-face interviews. Businesses were only chosen that
fitted the National Board for Small Scale Industry (NBSSI) definition of an SME with not more than 9
employees. Questionnaire was used as one of the data collection instruments. Section A of the questionnaire
dealt with general information concerning type of SMEs, number of IT staff employed. Section B requested the
respondents to indicate e-Commerce application usage in their firm, in Section C, respondents were asked to
state the reasons for adopting e-Commerce, based on the list of factors identified in table 5 using a rating scale of
1-5, with 1 denoting Strongly disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Neutral, 4 Agree and 5 Strongly Agree. In section D, non-
adopters were asked to give answers to the list of statements identified in table 6, according their perception of
e-Commerce and why they have adopted it, using a rating scale of 1-5, with 1 denoting Strongly disagree, 2
Disagree, 3 Neutral, 4 Agree and 5 Strongly Agree.
One hundred and forty five questionnaires (145) were hand delivered to the managers or CEOs, some of the
respondents completed the questionnaire and returned them on spot, with others, reminders have to sent via
SMS, phone calls and email two weeks after the initial delivery of the questionnaire, nearly a month after that,
second reminder was sent to 35 non-respondents. In all 67 responses were received, out of these 2 were rejected
because it did not fit into definition of SME of not more than 9 employees, and further 5 were excluded from the
analysis because the return was incomplete. Therefore, 61 usable responses with response rate of (46%) was the
basis for the analysis. Face-to-face interviews were also carried out to solicit further information for the purpose
of the data analysis. The interviews were conducted personally and lasted between one to two hours. The
interviews were recorded both hand written and digitally, a total of 15 Managers were interviewed in the process.
The interviewees were allowed to talk freely without interruption to enable getting their perspective on usage
and barriers to adoption e-Commerce .The data gathered was analysed using Microsoft Excel for the descriptive
statistics and the frequencies as shown in tables 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 below.
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3. Results and Discussion
Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the SMEs and associated percentages
Table 2. Distribution of SMEs
SMEs Frequency Percentage %
Manufacturing 18 18
Services 21 38
Retailing 22 44
Total 61 100
Table 3 shows SMEs with Internet Connections and those without Internet connections, Out of a usable sample
size of 61, 20 (33%) SMEs did not use Internet at all, 5 (8%) businesses used Dial up Internet connection, 25
(41%) businesses used Internet Service Provider. 8 (13%) businesses also used Dedicated Server LAN and the
least 3 (5%) among them were those using Dedicated High Speed Service.
Table 3. Internet Access Connection
Internet Access Connection Frequency Percentage %
None 20 33
Dial up 5 8
Internet Service Provider 25 41
Dedicated Server LAN 8 13
Dedicated High Speed Service 3 5
Total 61 100
Table 4 shows the percentage list of e-Commerce applications usage among the SMEs, weighted according to the
total number of SMEs. It is worth noting that not all SMEs online activities were captured in the categories stated
In order to understand the e-Commerce application and usage better, it is proper to breakdown each application
in order to investigate the extent of each component in the e-Commerce applications. Applications were listed
under the general headings of Web searches, Website presence for, and Interactions with suppliers and customers.
The top usage in the three categories was “Searching for product availability information”, “advertising company
and product information”, and “e-mail”.
Table 4. Percentage Usage of e-Commerce applications
Applications Percentage Usage (%)
1. Web searches
(a) Searching for product availability information 39
(b) Searching for potential suppliers 25
(c) Searching for potential customers 2
2. Web site presence for 48
(a) Advertising our company and product information 15
(b) Sales and service support 0
(c) Online sales transaction through our web site
2. Interactions with suppliers and customers
(a) e-mail 48
(b) Tracking order and delivery information 8
(c) Instant messaging 7
(d) Video conference 0
Web Searches: Two percent (2%) of the respondents used the Internet to search for potential customers who are
likely to buy from them. Twenty five percent (25%) used the web to search for potential suppliers and thirty nine
(39%) used the web to search product availability information.
Websites Presence for: About (50%) of the respondents stated that their companies have a websites. Out of this
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(48%) stated that the main reason of having website is to advertise the company and product/service information.
The need to provide sales support and service was stated by (15%) of the SMEs as the reason for having website.
None of the SMEs uses the website for online sales transaction, the reasons for low online sales transaction can
be attributed to few effective e-payments mechanisms suitable for e-Commerce transactions, the e-Switch
payments systems introduced in Ghana in 2007 has not been widely adopted in Ghana, again Credit and Debits
cards which are the main electronic payment system in advances economies is yet to be fully accepted and use by
Ghanaian population for making online payment and other transactions.
Interaction with Suppliers and Customers: The use of email as the medium of communication accounted for
(48%) usage of e-Commerce application among the SMEs. The next application usage was tracking order and
delivery information which accounted for (8%). Some of the SMEs used instant messaging tools like Skype,
Yahoo and MSN messenger to interact with their customers, this medium of communication account for (7%) of
e-Commerce application usage by the SMEs. Finally none of the SMEs uses video conferencing as platform to
interact with their customers. To some of the managers the non usage of video conferencing for interaction with
customers and suppliers is as result of slow bandwidth of the Internet connection, whilst some are totally unaware
about that feature in the e-Commerce settings.
4.1 Reasons for Adopting e-Commerce Solutions
Table 5 is a summary of the respondents’ assessment of the main reasons for adopting e-Commerce. The four
main reasons cited in order of importance by managers in deploying e-Commerce applications is first, to expand
and grow their business, the SMEs sees websites and e-Commerce as a platform that can create wider market
reach which may ultimately lead to increase in sales, profitability and growth. Second, e-Commerce can improve
customer service and help us find new customers, the SMEs see their online presence as antidote to poor
customer service and an opportunity to build large customer base, because they can easily place an
advertisement, product information and services on their websites where it can be accessed by current and
potential customers 24/7/365, which means e-Commerce websites can run all the time. Third, Need to keep up
with existing competitors, some of the SMEs observed that their competitors have online presence therefore they
have to create online presence so that they will not lose their customers to rivals firms. Fourth, e-Commerce can
increase our employee productivity. The SMEs are of the view that by deploying Internet base technologies their
staff can communicate easily, share information, access information, and execute their assign task in more
effective and efficient manner, which might lead to cost reduction in the long run.
Table 5 Respondents Assessment of Reasons For Adopting e-Commerce
No. Reason Mean score of SD
importance
1 Opportunity to expand and grow 3.82 0.21
2 e-Commerce can improve customer service and help us find new customers 3.76 0.20
3 Need to keep up with existing competitors 3.43 0.22
4 e-Commerce can increase our employee productivity 3.41 0.19
5 e-Commerce can reduce our transaction cost 3.11 0.21
6 Threat of large competitors taking the business 3.10 0.23
7 e-commerce can reduce the price of product we sell 2.85 0.21
8 Customers demanding to deal on the internet 2.51 0.20
9 Pressure from Suppliers and other business partners 2.31 0.15
Note: The scoring is based on 5 denoting that respondents strongly agree, 4 Agree, 3 Neutral, 2 Disagree,
1 Strongly disagree.
Two reasons which were declared moderately important for deploying e-Commerce by the respondents were (a)
e-Commerce can reduce out transactional cost and (b) threat from large competitors for our business. The
respondents do not believe that e-Commerce usage can make substantial reduction in their cost of operation as
they do not understand what actually entails, again they do not experience any major threat from rival firms who
are already using e-Commerce as a justification to also adopt e-Commerce systems.
The least important reasons cited for adopting e-Commerce were first, customers demanding to deal on the
Internet. Most of the SMEs stated that customers are not particularly interested in undertaking online transactions
due to high Internet cost and unstable nature of the network especially in the peak hours of day. Again they are
not subjected to pressure from their suppliers to adopt e-Commerce because most of their local supplier are
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themselves not using Internet for their core business activities. This findings is in contrast with study by (Barua,
Konana, Whinston, and Yin, 2004; Oliveira and Martins, 2010) where it was found that pressure from
customers and suppliers for electronic business was major determinant of e-Commerce adoption and use within
businesses operations. Therefore the main rreasons for adopting e-Commerce by the SMEs were to expand and
grow their business, improve customer service and ability in attracting and locating new customers and the need
to keep up with existing competitors.
4.2 Barriers to Adoption of e-Commerce
Table 6 is a summary of the respondents perception about e-Commerce and reason why they have not adopted it
in their business operations. First, lack of developed legal and regulatory system, there is no legal and regulatory
system facilitating e-Commerce adoption in Ghana, the government attempt to enact e-Commerce law to
encourage adoption and usage of e-Commerce has not been successful since the first attempt in 2009. This might
affect the utilisation of e-Commerce applications by Ghanaian SMEs as there is no legal framework which the
SMEs can use as reference point in their daily business operations. This legal framework will provide consumer
protection in Internet transactions, online fraud, intellectual property, exchange rate, warranty, online disputes.
Second, initial investment required for e-Commerce is very high, the respondents complained about high initial
set up cost involving creation of websites, hiring a webmaster, paying of Internet services and acquisition of
computers in order to deploy e-Commerce technologies. Folorunsho, Gabriel, Sushil and Jeff (2006) found that
some of the SMEs prefer to channel their resources to activities that can results in high profit as they struggle
with high cost of ICT implementation. Further (Chapman et al., 2000; Love et al., 2001 Tuunainen, 1998)
reported that weak financial position of SMEs and the resistance to invest in complex IS is seen as major
barriers in information systems adoption. However findings by Ghobakhloo et al, (2011) found that
e-Commerce adoption cost is not perceived to be a major barrier by 235 SMEs surveyed in Iran.
Table 6. Respondents views on Barriers to Adoption of e-Commerce
No. Reason Mean score of SD
importance
1 Lack of developed legal and regulatory system 3.24 0.20
2 Initial investment required for e-Commerce is very high 3.14 0.20
3 e-Commerce security issues 3.08 0.20
4 Insufficient knowledge about e-Commerce technology 2.91 0.21
5 Lack of right technical skills 2.81 0.20
6 Resistance by people and culture 2.54 0.20
7 Lack of interest by management 2.37 0.18
8 Financial risk seem too high 2.22 0.19
Note: The scoring is based on 5 denoting that respondents strongly agree, 4 Agree, 3 Neutral, 2 Disagree,
1 Strongly disagree.
Third, e-Commerce security issues, Internet security is becoming a major issue in Ghana, more especially with
the advent of ‘Sakawa’ cyber fraud activities among some Ghanaian youth. Therefore some of the respondents
stated that their customers see the Internet as insecure medium to transact business. Hence the customers prefer to
undertake all transactions offline in order to avoid risk of falling victim to Internet fraud. This finding is in line
with Khalifa et al. (1999) that perceived or real risk, such as Internet security, authentication and legal issues
were some barriers to adoption of e-Commerce.
Insufficient knowledge about e-Commerce technology and lack of right technical skills were the two factors that
were ranked moderately by the respondents. The least important inhibition factors ranked by the respondents
were resistance by people and culture, lack of interest by management and the risk of deploying e-Commerce.
Most of the managers do not see e-Commerce adoption to be associated with high financial risk since they do not
invest heavily in business related ICT, instead they invest their funds into core business activities in the form of
production of goods or delivery of services. This suggest that the main inhibition factors were lack of developed
legal and regulatory system and high initial investment required for adopting e-Commerce in Ghana.
4.3 Managerial and Research Implications
The findings have important research and policy implications. First, it could create the need for massive
education and awareness creation about the pros and cons of deploying e-Commerce applications by government
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and all the relevant agencies about the tremendous benefits of ICT based business transactions among SMEs,
Second, this study can alert the policy makers to speed up the process of passing of e-Commerce legislation bill
which encompasses e-contracting, e-signature laws and other laws protecting business parties, transactions,
systems and data storage, accessibility and Internet security in Ghana
Third, attention of policy makers is drawn in order to create necessary IT infrastructure and right policies that can
make wider adoption of e-Commerce by SMEs easier and more convenient similar to situations in advanced
economies. It is well known that IT infrastructure is the major backbone for e-Commerce, since e-Commerce
increases proportionately with internet use and penetration, Ghana government need to ensure affordable Internet
connection. Fourth, this study will draw the attention of policy makers to ensure the development of solid
electronic payment systems and regulations that can ensure smooth take off in commercial transactions
electronically. Fifth, incentives should be given to innovative SME managers who readily adopt innovative means
of operating their business. Sixth, local software vendors in Ghana, who target SMEs, should develop simple and
user friendly e-Commerce applications that will meet simple task performed by SMEs. Finally, security agencies
need to employ modern techniques of fighting cybercrime and managers and citizens in general need to be
educated on how to prevent all forms of cyber attack from online fraudsters.
4.5 Limitations and Future Research Directions
First, this study focused on SMEs in Kumasi in Ashanti region of Ghana; therefore, the findings cannot be fully
generalised to other countries and different business sector. Hence further studies need to be undertaken to cover
all the regions in Ghana and to include all the sectors of the economy. Second, the data was provided by only the
managers and not any staffs who are users of the e-Commerce applications in the respective SMEs studied, the
data collected would have been richer if the perception and opinions of other staff were gathered for data
analysis. Third, the results of this study will provide a foundation for policy makers, business leaders and
academicians to look further into factors that inhibit adoption of e-Commerce usage and applications by finding
appropriated solutions to barriers, so as to create and encourage growth and expansion of sustainable businesses
for socio-economic development of Ghana.
4.6 Conclusion
e-Commerce has received much publicity in Europe, US and lately Asia. The increase in the publicity is due the
potential benefits that e-Commerce applications impact can on business operations. Several studies have shown
tremendous benefits that SMEs can derive from e-Commerce usage. In Ghana, there has not been much publicity
about the usage of e-Commerce. This research revealed that few Ghanaian SMEs uses Internet based
technologies in their business operations. The main e-Commerce application use by the SMEs is the use of
email for communication with customers and suppliers which is consistent with a study by (Noor, 2009) that
SMEs in Malaysia mainly uses email component of e-Commerce. The main use of websites presence by the
SMEs is to advertise their product or services. Online sales transactions is virtually nil among Ghanaian SMEs
due to poor e-Payment systems infrastructure in the country. This study further revealed some of the barriers to e-
Commerce adoption to include: lack of developed legal and regulatory system, initial investment required for e-
Commerce is very high, e-Commerce security, insufficient knowledge about e-Commerce technology, lack of
interest by management, lack of right technical skills, resistance by people and culture and Internet security
concerns. And some of the main reasons for adopting e-Commerce are for expansion and growth, the need to
keep up with existing competitors and the ability of e-Commerce to improve customer service and help find new
customers for the SMEs
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Faisal Iddris received his Msc e-Commerce and Marketing from Lulea Technical University, Sweden and
Bachelor Commerce from University of Cape Coast Ghana. He became a senior member of University of
Education, Winneba Ghana in 2008. His research interest includes: e-Commece, e-Supply chain, Internet
marketing and Business Management.
57
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