Digital transformation in china’s sm es the critical success factors and tran...Equancy Paris
Digital transformation in China is customer-driven instead of enterprise-driven. The Internet adoption ratio in SMEs that contribute 70 percent of China’s GDP is way much lower than that in developed countries. The paper aimed to identify the critical success factors for SME’s digital transformation and then provide a sufficient transformation framework through analyzing a small chemical company in China. Three issues are defined as the main boundaries in digital transformation in China’s SMEs: the lack of awareness and strategic vision of Digital, the lack of sufficient change management, and the lack of experts. The seven main activities of MICEP methodology can be applied in Chinese SMEs. But the emphasis may different between one and another.
For the process of economic growth and industrialization the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) plays a very crucial role in developing and developed countries. For developing nations like Nigeria, the country has great interest in contributing towards the development of SMEs. SMEs provide great advantages to the developing nations. SMEs have been known to increase output and per capita income, increases regional economy and promotes resource utilization in an effective manner, encourage entrepreneurship and all these factors lead to growth and development of the country. The SMEs having labor intensive work also create employment opportunities for people of the nation and this also leads to development of the nation. The SMEs can be established quickly and can produce quick returns. Thus these industries contribute to nations by achieving economic and socio-economic objective in very short period of time and thus also contribute towards the alleviation of poverty
In the global business, there are producers as product sellers and consumers as product purchasers. These two people are interdependent; the business does not exist or successful if there is no one between them. Producers require consumers to purchase products to sell, so consumers require producers to satisfy their needs. Manufacturers sell goods at a market place, and when consumers want to buy their needs, they go to the market place. These have occurred hundreds or even thousands of years since the starting of business when technology not yet improved. When technology improved, affects the development business system. Currently, information technology is advancing very fast so that it is difficult to avoid it’s development. The advancement of information technology not only assist people’s life to become better every day but also support the global business.
Introducing and implementing the EUCIP Core training programme can only be efficient and successful if young professionals completing the training have a chance to be employed not only in Europe but also in Hungary. In the framework of the I-TShape project, the Pest County Foundation for Enterprise Promotion (PFEP) undertook to survey Hungarian stakeholders of the economy to assess the infrastructural background of various businesses, the status of this infrastructure, the conditions of its operation and the expectations towards professionals who operate and develop it. The results and conclusions of the survey are important for us, as we can use them in designing a training programme tailored to the needs of the Hungarian market demands that and then integrating it into the vocational training system in Hungary.
The potential of e-Commerce and e-Trade is no longer a matter of debate. Despite the initial hype and subsequent dot-com crash, it has moved into the realm of a noteworthy reality. Since e-Commerce already affects the economic relations between and within countries and since it will continue to do so more and more, e-Commerce has to be considered as a matter of key policy consideration. As such, developing countries must not only appreciate and address its potential for industrial and trade growth, but also consider it as a means of survival in this new world of Internet-based business and trade.
Digital transformation in china’s sm es the critical success factors and tran...Equancy Paris
Digital transformation in China is customer-driven instead of enterprise-driven. The Internet adoption ratio in SMEs that contribute 70 percent of China’s GDP is way much lower than that in developed countries. The paper aimed to identify the critical success factors for SME’s digital transformation and then provide a sufficient transformation framework through analyzing a small chemical company in China. Three issues are defined as the main boundaries in digital transformation in China’s SMEs: the lack of awareness and strategic vision of Digital, the lack of sufficient change management, and the lack of experts. The seven main activities of MICEP methodology can be applied in Chinese SMEs. But the emphasis may different between one and another.
For the process of economic growth and industrialization the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) plays a very crucial role in developing and developed countries. For developing nations like Nigeria, the country has great interest in contributing towards the development of SMEs. SMEs provide great advantages to the developing nations. SMEs have been known to increase output and per capita income, increases regional economy and promotes resource utilization in an effective manner, encourage entrepreneurship and all these factors lead to growth and development of the country. The SMEs having labor intensive work also create employment opportunities for people of the nation and this also leads to development of the nation. The SMEs can be established quickly and can produce quick returns. Thus these industries contribute to nations by achieving economic and socio-economic objective in very short period of time and thus also contribute towards the alleviation of poverty
In the global business, there are producers as product sellers and consumers as product purchasers. These two people are interdependent; the business does not exist or successful if there is no one between them. Producers require consumers to purchase products to sell, so consumers require producers to satisfy their needs. Manufacturers sell goods at a market place, and when consumers want to buy their needs, they go to the market place. These have occurred hundreds or even thousands of years since the starting of business when technology not yet improved. When technology improved, affects the development business system. Currently, information technology is advancing very fast so that it is difficult to avoid it’s development. The advancement of information technology not only assist people’s life to become better every day but also support the global business.
Introducing and implementing the EUCIP Core training programme can only be efficient and successful if young professionals completing the training have a chance to be employed not only in Europe but also in Hungary. In the framework of the I-TShape project, the Pest County Foundation for Enterprise Promotion (PFEP) undertook to survey Hungarian stakeholders of the economy to assess the infrastructural background of various businesses, the status of this infrastructure, the conditions of its operation and the expectations towards professionals who operate and develop it. The results and conclusions of the survey are important for us, as we can use them in designing a training programme tailored to the needs of the Hungarian market demands that and then integrating it into the vocational training system in Hungary.
The potential of e-Commerce and e-Trade is no longer a matter of debate. Despite the initial hype and subsequent dot-com crash, it has moved into the realm of a noteworthy reality. Since e-Commerce already affects the economic relations between and within countries and since it will continue to do so more and more, e-Commerce has to be considered as a matter of key policy consideration. As such, developing countries must not only appreciate and address its potential for industrial and trade growth, but also consider it as a means of survival in this new world of Internet-based business and trade.
This paper aims to measure the e-business adoption activities in Yemeni SMEs. The paper employed a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) case approach. The results indicate that Yemeni SMEs are at the early stages of e-business adoption
2016 Thumbtack Small Business Friendliness SurveyThumbtack, Inc.
Today, we released our fifth annual Thumbtack Small Business Friendliness Survey. 12,169 U.S. small business owners participated in the 2016 study, collectively grading 35 states and 78 cities on the government policies that affect their businesses. The skilled professionals we surveyed operate in a variety of industries, including as electricians, music teachers, wedding planners, wellness professionals, and more. It is the largest continuous study of small business perceptions of government policy in the United States.
The overuse of technology may have a more significant impact on developing children and teenagers. On the other hand, it has numerous advantages easier, faster and more effective communication, better, more efficient manufacturing techniques, less wastage, more efficient stock management and ordering systems.
Future of Work
The future of work is increasingly uncertain. What is clear is that we are in the midst of a major transformation driven by multiple drivers of change. How individuals, companies, cities and governments respond to the upcoming shifts will be pivotal for future economic and social wellbeing, but this is far from straightforward. Some major decisions lie ahead.
Ahead of a speech to MPs in London next month and several subsequent expert discussions, this is a point of view on how, where and why the future of work is in flux.
It explores three key drivers of change as leaders around the world view it – shifting demographics, technology innovation and the organisational response. In addition, we have highlighted several areas where new policy decisions need to be made.
A two-sided market connecting expert university researchers & solutions to small and medium sized enterprises (SME) for artificial intelligence (AI) projects and services
A report prepared by the AI Innovation Network, WBS & Coefficiency Lab
IT Employment Trends 2009, presented by Dave Willmer, Executive Director, Robert Half Technologies
Presented to:
TECNA | March 19, 2009 | Baltimore, MD
www.technologycouncils.org
THE FOURTH 4 TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION’S EFFECT ON THE ENTERPRISE CYBER STRATEGYIJMIT JOURNAL
The Fourth (4th) Industrial Revolution represents the profound advancement of technology that will likely transform the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds in modern society. The impact of advance technology will disrupt almost every aspect of business and government communities alike. In the past few years, the advancement of information technologies has opened the door to artificial intelligence (AI), block chain technologies, robotics, virtual reality and the possibility of quantum computing being released in the commercial sector. The use of these innovative technologies will likely impact society by leveraging modern technological platforms such as cloud computing and AI. This also includes the release of 5G network technologies by Internet Service Providers (ISP) beginning in 2019. Networks that rely upon 5G technologies in combination with cloud computing platforms will open the door allow greater innovations and change the nature of how work is performed in the 4th Industrial Revolution.
This paper aims to measure the e-business adoption activities in Yemeni SMEs. The paper employed a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) case approach. The results indicate that Yemeni SMEs are at the early stages of e-business adoption
2016 Thumbtack Small Business Friendliness SurveyThumbtack, Inc.
Today, we released our fifth annual Thumbtack Small Business Friendliness Survey. 12,169 U.S. small business owners participated in the 2016 study, collectively grading 35 states and 78 cities on the government policies that affect their businesses. The skilled professionals we surveyed operate in a variety of industries, including as electricians, music teachers, wedding planners, wellness professionals, and more. It is the largest continuous study of small business perceptions of government policy in the United States.
The overuse of technology may have a more significant impact on developing children and teenagers. On the other hand, it has numerous advantages easier, faster and more effective communication, better, more efficient manufacturing techniques, less wastage, more efficient stock management and ordering systems.
Future of Work
The future of work is increasingly uncertain. What is clear is that we are in the midst of a major transformation driven by multiple drivers of change. How individuals, companies, cities and governments respond to the upcoming shifts will be pivotal for future economic and social wellbeing, but this is far from straightforward. Some major decisions lie ahead.
Ahead of a speech to MPs in London next month and several subsequent expert discussions, this is a point of view on how, where and why the future of work is in flux.
It explores three key drivers of change as leaders around the world view it – shifting demographics, technology innovation and the organisational response. In addition, we have highlighted several areas where new policy decisions need to be made.
A two-sided market connecting expert university researchers & solutions to small and medium sized enterprises (SME) for artificial intelligence (AI) projects and services
A report prepared by the AI Innovation Network, WBS & Coefficiency Lab
IT Employment Trends 2009, presented by Dave Willmer, Executive Director, Robert Half Technologies
Presented to:
TECNA | March 19, 2009 | Baltimore, MD
www.technologycouncils.org
THE FOURTH 4 TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION’S EFFECT ON THE ENTERPRISE CYBER STRATEGYIJMIT JOURNAL
The Fourth (4th) Industrial Revolution represents the profound advancement of technology that will likely transform the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds in modern society. The impact of advance technology will disrupt almost every aspect of business and government communities alike. In the past few years, the advancement of information technologies has opened the door to artificial intelligence (AI), block chain technologies, robotics, virtual reality and the possibility of quantum computing being released in the commercial sector. The use of these innovative technologies will likely impact society by leveraging modern technological platforms such as cloud computing and AI. This also includes the release of 5G network technologies by Internet Service Providers (ISP) beginning in 2019. Networks that rely upon 5G technologies in combination with cloud computing platforms will open the door allow greater innovations and change the nature of how work is performed in the 4th Industrial Revolution.
Assalamualaikum...di ruangan ini adik-adik akan mengasah minda bagi menjawab soalan-soalan yang berkaitan topik 3 iaitu faktor mempengaruhi pembinaan rumah..Selamat Mencuba..^_^..good luck..
In May 2012 Tuitele introduced for the very first time in Spain the measurement of Social TV. A new way of watching and enjoying TV was emerging among Spanish viewers, whom are shifting gradually from being passive viewers to become active viewers, social viewers who watch TV with their smartphones and tablets in their hands, tweeting and posting about a TV show whilst watching it, looking for other viewers’ comments, visiting the show’s profile on a social network or an advertiser’s web site.
TV ratings and Social TV analytics do not measure the same things; people meters measure how many viewers are watching a given show, whilst Social TV analytics measure what part of those viewers interact with the TV show through social networks, analysing their engagement, opinions and feelings about the TV show. Because of that, the relationship between TV ratings and Social TV analytics depends on the show, its genre, target, topics, etc.
Through Social TV analytics, Tuitele brings to TV networks and producers, agencies and advertisers a new way to analyse TV audience. Since the birth of Tuitele, close to 4 million Spaniards have tweeted about a TV show while on air. Social TV in Spain has experienced an outstanding growth, from 600,000 social viewers in September 2012 to 1.5 million in June 2013.
With this report, we aim to show the current picture of Social TV in Spain through the analysis of the first complete TV season with Social TV analytics available, both about TV shows and TV advertising.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also substantially influenced by it. Now, the resources of the businesses are primarily managed by using ICT supports that helps perform tasks faster and more accurate than before. But the developing countries are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of business management processes as the effort is substantially hindered by a strong but ineffective work culture. Therefore, to use ICT in business management we need to know the issues and challenges of it.
key factors affecting on the e readiness assessment for small and mediumINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Due to the increasing growth of information and communication technology and to optimum utilization of its advantages, organizations must to develop their existing capacities. To measure this capacity of any organization, be sure is evaluated, the e-readiness of the organization to enter the e-commerce market. The main objective of this paper is to identify key factors affecting in the Electronic Readiness assessing of SMEs in Shamsabad Industrial City, Tehran to enter the e-commerce market. In this paper to determine this factors after identifying and introduction of variety existing models, concepts; dimensions and indicators of research is extracted and is designed in the form of a questionnaire. Then, using a designed questionnaire is action to gathering insights of academic experts and professional and variety of concepts, dimensions and related indicators is evaluated to E-Readiness assessment. Finally, with regard to the reforms, have been identified key factors affecting the E-Readiness of small and medium manufacturing enterprises.
Local Small Scale Enterprises Expectations and Potential Benefits on e Commer...ijtsrd
This study assessed the expectations and potential benefits on e commerce of local small scale enterprises in Northern Samar, Philippines. Specifically, it tried to find out the profile of the seventy four enterprises in the province, evaluate the expectations of the small scale enterprises on e commerce capabilities and determine the potential benefits of the small scale enterprises from e commerce implementation. The descriptive evaluative research was used. This study likewise employed the complete enumeration of the enterprises that have potential in adapting e commerce. The enterprise’s primary business included industrial products manufacturing, computers and electronics manufacturing, communications, financial services, computer services, consulting, consumer products manufacturing, food and agriculture, and others. The enterprises had one 1 to four 4 personal computers and had one telephone line. Majority of the enterprises had an access to the internet on a broadband line. And that, e commerce capabilities will be implemented within one year. The potential benefits of e commerce use to the enterprise were very significant. The respondents considered that through e commerce the enterprises will improve its information exchange with customers, increase the loyalty and retention of the customers, and increase the service to the customer as well as the revenue. Moreover, e commerce is very important in the improvement of the competitive position to the enterprise and also the enhancement of the image of enterprise. Dr. Maiden Grace Anquilo Gan "Local Small Scale Enterprises: Expectations and Potential Benefits on e-Commerce Landscape" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49705.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-and-retail-research/49705/local-small-scale-enterprises-expectations-and-potential-benefits-on-ecommerce-landscape/dr-maiden-grace-anquilo-gan
Can ICT Reduce Poverty and Unemployment and Elevate Development Integrating M...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) can boost the performance of people and improve
overall human capital for the alleviation of poverty in a
society. Today, ICT is considered as one of the major
sources of driving force for the overall economic
development integrating with Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSMEs). The e-Commerce has a great role in
achieving business performance in the emerging Asian
countries. However, MSMEs are experiencing more
challenges that prevent them from further increasing their
business. The earlier studies question to which extent
MSMEs have benefited from these businesses. Therefore,
the main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the
importance of ICT in developing MSMEs based on the
success stories of emerging Asian countries. This study
based on subjective/argumentative i.e., idea generation in
Information Systems (IS). The findings of the study reveal
that the MSMEs utilizing ICT can alleviate poverty and
unemployment. It also reveals that MSMEs with ICT and
e-Commerce can enhance employment and new job
creation that can contribute to the overall economic
development. This study is expected to extend for further
an empirical investigation broadly on the same issue to
validate the research results.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Business Manage...Dr. Nazrul Islam
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also influenced by it. Now, businesses are managing their resources by using ICT support that is helping them to perform their tasks faster and accurate than before. But the developing countries like Bangladesh are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of businesses. But due to a very strong culture at work place, this effort is hindered substantially. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying the present status of the use of ICT in business management and its challenges it faces. Secondary data have been primarily used for conducting this study which was collected from the different business reports and the journal papers. An experience survey was also conducted among the senior administrators of the business houses were also included in the study. Results show that the use of ICT is very low in the small and medium business enterprises while the large businesses houses are using ICT supports. Results also show that the use of ICT primarily depends on the complexity and the nature of the business. The entrepreneurs who have ICT literacy, they are mostly using ICT supports in the management of their businesses. This study suggests that the business houses in Bangladesh should use ICT support in order to increase the efficiency at their work. But this is often depends on the ICT infrastructure of the country as a whole.
Telematics and Informatics 34 (2017) 118–132Contents lists a.docxmehek4
Telematics and Informatics 34 (2017) 118–132
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Telematics and Informatics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tele
A structuration analysis of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)
adoption of E-Commerce: The case of Tanzania
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.002
0736-5853/� 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Kabanda), [email protected] (I. Brown).
Salah Kabanda ⇑, Irwin Brown
Centre for IT and National Development in Africa, Dept. of Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 16 September 2016
Received in revised form 2 December 2016
Accepted 6 January 2017
Available online 16 January 2017
Keywords:
E-Commerce
Structuration theory
SMEs
Tanzania
There have been several studies on E-Commerce adoption in developing countries.
However, few have investigated least developed countries (LDCs). Of those that have, their
findings tend to be descriptive in nature – falling short of a theoretical contribution
grounded in the sociocultural context. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical
analysis of E-Commerce adoption in an LDC, Tanzania. Specifically, the study seeks to iden-
tify structural practices associated with E-Commerce in Tanzanian SMEs. Using structura-
tion theory and following an interpretivist stance the findings show that Tanzanian SMEs
enact three major E-Commerce structural practices: (1) Marketing and image-building
through use of websites, (2) Transacting through extensive use of mobile technology (3)
Technical problem-solving through establishing partnerships. These practices are informed
by organisational and environmental factors that define the sociocultural, technological
and economic contextual setting. Considerable evidence is found that SMEs use websites
in a limited way, as they draw upon their understanding of websites as being incompatible
with the Tanzanian cultural bargaining system, which is characterised by cash transactions
and face to face bargaining. Websites are viewed primarily as a platform from which SMEs
can portray a sophisticated image and advertise/market their products. SMEs use mobile
technology extensively, as they draw on the technology’s ability to offer transactive capa-
bility, mobility and communication. Findings also point to technological challenges which
SMEs face from the environment, mainly from a lack of supporting industry and institu-
tional support. SMEs hence establish partnerships with international organisations that
can support them in overcoming technological challenges. Partnerships with large ICT
organisations require stringent conditions, such as the requirement for SMEs to have cer-
tification in order to be affiliated. The study gives practitioners a better understanding of
how SMEs perceive E-Commerce in Tanzania amidst organisational ...
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE SURVIVAL OF SMA...ijmpict
This study is to examine the role of ICT in the survival of selected SMEsin Koforidua, Ghana The study employed descriptive technique to conduct the survey. Using a sample of 100 SMEs, an accidental sampling of a non-probability technique was used to gathered data and information. The study argues out that majority of the SMEs operators do use at least one ICT tool in supporting their operations within the New Juaben Municipality. The study revealed that ICT is good and helps business survival in difficult times and become competitive in support of literature reviewed. The study suggested that periodic training in the form of workshops and sensitization programs on the benefits and the use ICT resources in business growth strategies should be organized by National Board for Small-Scale Industries (NBSSI). SME operators, can also outsource their ICT delivery systems by engaging ICT consultants in order to avoid the problem of funding relating to the setting up of their own ICT system which usually requires huge initial capital outlay.The primary policy recommendation arising out of this is that applications for SMEs need to be developed using mobile phones.
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE SURVIVAL OF SMA...ijmpict
This study is to examine the role of ICT in the survival of selected SMEsin Koforidua, Ghana The study employed descriptive technique to conduct the survey. Using a sample of 100 SMEs, an accidental sampling of a non-probability technique was used to gathered data and information. The study argues out that majority of the SMEs operators do use at least one ICT tool in supporting their operations within the New Juaben Municipality. The study revealed that ICT is good and helps business survival in difficult times and become competitive in support of literature reviewed. The study suggested that periodic training in the form of workshops and sensitization programs on the benefits and the use ICT resources in business growth strategies should be organized by National Board for Small-Scale Industries (NBSSI). SME operators, can also outsource their ICT delivery systems by engaging ICT consultants in order to avoid the problem of funding relating to the setting up of their own ICT system which usually requires huge initial capital outlay.The primary policy recommendation arising out of this is that applications for SMEs need to be developed using mobile phones.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ADOPTION IN TH...ectijjournal
The study evaluated the perceived benefits of electronic business adoption in the Zimbabwean service sector
in Harare. A qualitative case study was adopted. The interview technique was deployed as a data gathering
instrument. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 service sector companies registered on the Zimbabwe
Stock Exchange (SZE).The findings revealed that electronic business is a catalyst to organisational
profitability and productivity. The study also discovered that electronic business improves communication
and open economy at national and international level. The study recommended that in order for the
sustainable growth of electronic business to take place, the institutional environment requires to be in favour
of the online trading systems.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ADOPTION IN TH...ectijjournal
The study evaluated the perceived benefits of electronic business adoption in the Zimbabwean service sector in Harare. A qualitative case study was adopted. The interview technique was deployed as a data gathering instrument. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 service sector companies registered on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (SZE).The findings revealed that electronic business is a catalyst to organisational profitability and productivity. The study also discovered that electronic business improves communication and open economy at national and international level. The study recommended that in order for the sustainable growth of electronic business to take place, the institutional environment requires to be in favour of the online trading systems.
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Potentials of artificial intelligence in digital marketing and financial tech...IAESIJAI
Small and medium enterprises small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in nations’ economy, through job creations, reducing unemployment rate as well as increase the overall productivity and gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. However, most SMEs are often lagging in technology adoption which could be a game changer for their success. SMEs could adopt new technologies to improve their business operations and profitability. They are also useful in supporting SMEs to penetrate international market. This research suggests that implementation of the artificial intelligence (AI) through digital marketing (DM) and financial technology (Fintech) would assist SMEs to be competitive, current in leveraging on technology and increase their overall profitability. Based on secondary data analysis, this paper presents a conceptual framework of determining factors in adoption of AI through digital marketing and Fintech. It contributes to the academic knowledge of AI, DM and Fintech for small businesses, and presents a testable framework that can be replicated and adapted for future empirical study.
Recent development of information technology has brought dramatic increase of strategic use of
information system in businesses all over the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated this movement for
business in a massive scale and prompted all businesses especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to
adopt technology as a solution to remain sustainable, competitive, and engaged with more customers for their
satisfaction.
Among the courses offered by Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) Bachelor of Science in
Accountancy (BSA) had a reputation of consisting of bright students and performing well in the board exam,
even being included in the topnotchers. However somewhere along the line, its performance has dwindled down,
and has been one of the poor performers in licensure exams among other board courses in PLM
2. World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (5): 756-764, 2011
requirement for survival. The reach of the underlying ways of knowing". The adverse impact of the economic
information and communication technologies (ICT) slowdown in South East Asia region, Indonesia and the
making E-Commerce commerce possible is also causing globalization of the world economy underscore the need
unprecedented globalization of business. Businesses in for SMEs as the backbone of the national economy to
developing countries will soon be affected as significantly become more resilient and competitive [8]. Thorp [9]
as that elsewhere. Policymakers and advocates around believes that successful implementation of ICT offers the
the world are working to address this growing “digital prospect of substantial competitive advantage for large
divide.” SME’s are critical to the economies of all and SMEs alike. However, SMEs are not ‘little’ large
countries, including developing ones. They cannot be left business [10, 11]. In terms of ecommerce implementation,
behind and many are already demonstrating their it requires one to give thorough attention and proper
entrepreneurial strength by grasping opportunities understanding towards SMEs characteristics before
offered by electronic commerce. Anecdotes abound about delineating further issues of technology adoption and
craftspeople selling their wares on websites, Indian strategies. The renowned characteristic of SMEs that are
women providing transcription services via the Internet common in most countries is the lack of in-house ICT
and even rural farmers checking product prices via the expertise and financial resources. Furthermore, in relation
Web. It is now time to more systematically offer the to ICT usage, previous research conducted by Heikkila
opportunities of electronic commerce to SME’s in et al. [12] found that there are three major differences
developing countries, using appropriate technologies and between SMEs and large organizations:
applications, so that the anecdotes no longer tell of the
exceptions but illustrate an accelerating trend. This paper C SMEs tend to use computers more as tools and less
provides support to the development professional as a communication medium;
interested in doing so [5]. The objective of the paper is C The small number of stakeholders involved in an
to provide useful guidance as they create ways to help SME means that there are likely to be fewer problems
SME’s prepare for and use electronic commerce - to be in terms of organizational politics;
“E-Ready.” This is not an “E-Commerce primer.” There are C SMEs have considerably fewer resources available to
plenty of those available, some even focused on implement ICT solutions.
developing countries and the paper includes many useful
references to such documents. Instead, it focuses on what Much of the research also shows that the decision
SME’s need to learn; how to tailor this to the context in for ICT adoption in SMEs are more likely made by the
which they operate and the many ways such a readiness owner [3, 13], which often have little concern towards the
initiative can be delivered. The writer of this article is importance of ICT strategy and planning within their
trying to look attentively and clarified the dimensions of business [14]. Furthermore, Yap et al. [15] found in their
selected subject by use of 1descriptive - analytic1 research research that the management involvement is crucial to IT
method. success within SMEs. E-commerce can be defined as any
economic or business activity through Web storefronts
Literature Review: There has been significant study on to enable the buying and selling of products and services
E-Commerce, but majority of them have focused on and to facilitate the transaction of business and activities
developed countries such as the United States, Canada between and amongst individuals and organizations [16].
and Western Europe [6], while according to predictions a In a wider definition, however, e-commerce is not limited
significant growth will happen in developing countries in to buying and selling products online. Along with
the first decade of the twenty first century. Ecommerce customers, an online business will also find its suppliers,
arguably has a potential to add a higher value to accountants, payment services, government agencies and
businesses and consumers in developing countries than competitors online. These online partners demand
in developed countries [7] bowers claims that the most changes in the way they do business from production to
dominant characteristic of computers is their culturally consumption [17, 18]. Succinctly, e-commerce is a new
mediating and transforming effect, but that computers are way of doing business [19, 16, 20]. Numerous studies into
viewed as a destructive form of Western colonization. the use of e-commerce in SMEs recently have been of an
"Members of other cultures are aware that when they use exploratory and qualitative nature [21]. While there is
computers they must adapt themselves to radically rapid growth and development of dot-com and the ‘new
different patterns of thought and deep culturally-bound economy’, SMEs in developing countries have been
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slower to adopt e-commerce than their developed C E-Commerce offers unmatched savings in terms of
countries [22]. Moreover, there are several issues that transaction costs
have been raised in recent SME literatures, which include: C The reduction of cost in advertising and promotion
C Speed communication between buyer and seller
C Exploring the advantage and disadvantage of e- C Companies can shorten their traditional supply
commerce in Thai SMEs [22]. chains, minimize transport obstacles and reduce
C The importance of e-commerce infrastructure in C Delivery costs.
facilitating the e-commerce adoption initiatives for C Physical limitations of time and space are removed.
SMEs in developing countries [23, 24].
C The use of e-commerce by manufacturing sector of Despite the attractive benefits that SMEs may obtain
Italian SMEs [25]. from adopting E-Commerce into their business, SMEs
C Adoption attributes that may affect e-commerce use possess significant problems in identifying the
in Brunei SMEs [19]. appropriate application of E-Commerce and its strategy
C Factors influencing e-commerce adoption decisions due to the lack of knowledge and planning in ICT.
in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand Consequently, it is hardly surprising to witness that most
[26]. of the SMEs’ owner/managers will finally develop their
C The use of e-commerce in Australian SMEs [27]. ICT strategy through a ‘trial and- error’ method.
In addition, the business press and trade journals E-Readiness: APEC defines E-Readiness as the degree to
have also given coverage to many of the issues faced by which an economy or community is prepared to
SMEs in moving into e-commerce [13, 28, 29]. However, participate in the digital economy [32]. A definition by
there are some issues that have received very little McConnell [33, 34] on E-Readiness is the capacity to
attention in research to date, such as: participate in the global digital economy. McConnell’s
definition of E-Readiness lacks descriptive details, but the
C Framework that helps SMEs evaluates the strategic basic meaning points to the capacity to participate in
use of e-commerce as well as guiding the adoption digital way of doing business. In the study of Hartman
process. et al. [35], net readiness is measured as a company’s
C Assessment of e-commerce application and post preparedness to exploit the enormous opportunities in the
adoption experiences in different sectors of SMEs. E-Economy landscape. Grant [36] mentioned in his
maturity model where a business is “ready” to implement
Impact and Benefit of Strategic Use of E-Commerce in E-Business and ecommerce strategy, with the business
Sme: One might question why the presence of E- plans and expectations clear, with no insurmountable
Commerce has expanded very rapidly in recent years. The obstacles impeding progress and have identified any
answer is simply because of the opportunities and needed partners or professional support. Another report
benefits that are evident from the current implementation by Parker [37] described E-Readiness as “preparedness”
by many organizations. The concept of strategic use E- to operate in an E-Business and E-Commerce marketplace.
Commerce through the utilization of Internet software and The success of the Internet initiatives of a firm or
services also Endeavour's to link Internet use with enterprise depends not only on its own effort to digitize
opportunities it offers to the firm [30]. It further recognizes its value chain, but also on the readiness of its customers,
that the strategic potential Internet use allows exercising supplier and 10 trading partners to engage in electronic
the control over the bounds of relationships and interactions and transactions [38, 39]. Successful E-
interfaces used in relationships between customers and Readiness practice requires readiness on the part of all
the business, which are also related to the firm’s players in the value chain and companies that adopted E-
strategies. E-Commerce has offered a variety of potential Commerce or E-Business must invest in increasing their
benefits both to SMEs and large business. Numerous trading partners’ readiness. E-Commerce application
studies claim their findings on the benefit and impact of E- includes the use of many different types of online
Commerce. Those findings are summarized into the facilities to do business: order registration, electronic
following points [31, 16]: advertising, electronic billing system, electronic
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4. World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (5): 756-764, 2011
marketing, online delivery status and tracking and E-Governance: If the objective is E-Governance then the
customer services support. E-Business applications also focus should be on Government Process Reengineering
include the use of many different types of online facilities and faster and transparent means of delivering
to communicate and coordinate: production planning, JIT government services to the citizens. Here E-Readiness
management, scheduling, outsourcing and other business equals computers, access and effective usage of
operation process. computers - hardware and access are not enough for real
E-Readiness, there must be extensive training programs,
E-Readiness Objective locally relevant content and a local ICT sector and a
E-Infrastructure: If the objective is on E-Infrastructure Business Process Reengineering along with. The
then the focus should be on institutions, hardware and definition of Objective will help define the Stake holders
software Here E-Readiness equals computers and access - in the process Table 1 highlights the focal areas of studies
computer hardware and network access are required to be done at internationally.
e-ready and bridge the digital divide and government and On the basis of the objective and focus of study any
private initiatives should supply them. of the above models can be adapted or evolved based on
local needs [40].
E-Economy: If the objective is on E-Commerce then the
focus should be on ICT Business. Here E-Readiness Components of E-readiness / Choice of Indicators:
equals computers, access and economy - computer Depending upon the objective for Assessment, a model
hardware and network access are required for E- is chosen and indicators under the same worked out for
Readiness, but the market will solve this problem on its Assessment. The wide range of indicators can be
own. classified in the following main groups:
E-Society: If the objective is on the society then the focus C Network Access: What are the availability, cost and
should be complete population. Here E-Readiness quality of ICT networks, services and equipment?
requires basic literacy, poverty, health and other social C Networked Learning: Does the educational system
issues to be addressed first - computers are useful, but integrate ICTs into its processes to improve
nothing will make a society e-ready and bridge the digital learning? Are there technical training programs in the
divide until basic literacy, poverty and healthcare issues community that can train and prepare an ICT
are addressed. workforce?
Table 1: Study/ Focus
Study Focus
1. APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) E-Commerce Readiness
2.CIDIF (Centre International pour le Development de I’Inforoute en Francis) Internet Service Market
3. CSPP (Computer Systems Policy Project) Existing Infrastructure
4. EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) E-Business Readiness
5. IDC Infrastructure
6. KAM (World Bank, Knowledge Assessment Matrix) E-Economy
7. MI (McConnell International) Infrastructure, Digital Economy, Education and government
8. MN (Metric Net) E-Economy
9. MQ (Mosaic Group) Internet
10. NRI (CID, Harvard) Infrastructure, E-Society, Policies, Digital Economy,
Education and Government
11. CID (Center for International Development) Society
12. CIDCM (University of Maryland) Qualitative Assessment based on past performance
and current Internet pervasiveness
13. ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Telecom
14. Mosaic Economy Focus
15. SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) Mainly SWOT analysis of a Nation
16. USAID (US Agency for International Development) Access, Government, People
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C Networked Society: To what extent are individuals C Applications and services
using information and communication technologies C Economy
at work and in their personal lives? Are there C Enablers (policy, privacy, security, ubiquity).
significant opportunities available for those with ICT
skills? The Economist Intelligence Unit/Pyramid Research
C Networked Economy: How are businesses and E-Readiness Rankings: The report measures six areas:
governments using information and communication ( Figure 1)
technologies to interact with the public and with
each other? C Connectivity (30%)
C Network Policy: To what extent does the policy C Business Environment (20%)
environment promote or hinder the growth of ICT C E-Commerce Consumer and Business Adoption
adoption and use? (20%)
C Legal and regulatory Environment (15%)
The Various Global Studies bring out the Following C Supporting e-Services (10%)
Indicators for the Assessment: C Social and cultural Infrastructure (5%)
APEC’s E-Commerce Readiness Assessment: Six
categories are measured for "readiness for E-Commerce:" IDC Information Society Index: The study is based on
four indicators
C Basic infrastructure and technology (speed, pricing, C Computer infrastructure
access, market competition, industry standards, C Information Infrastructure
foreign investment), C Internet Infrastructure
C Access to network services (bandwidth, industry C Social Infrastructure
diversity, export controls, Credit card regulation),
C Use of the Internet (use in business, government, KAM Knowledge Assessment Matrix: The study is based
homes), on five indicators:
C Promotion and facilitation (industry led standards),
C Skills and human resources (ICT education, C Performance Indicator
workforce) and C Economic Incentives and Institutional Regimes
C Positioning for the digital economy (taxes and tariffs, C Education and Human Resources
industry self-regulation, government regulations, C Innovative System
consumer trust). C Information Infrastructure
CSPP’s Readiness Guide for Living in the Networked CRM and SMEs in Developing Countries: Customer
World: CSPP’s guide caries measurements into five relationship management (CRM) with its current use of
categories: technology often termed electronic CRM (e-CRM) is
widely recognized as inevitable in modern business.
C Infrastructure However, little or no research has been carried out on
C Access e-CRM in developing countries where small to medium
5%
10%
30%
15%
20% 20%
Connectivity Business Environment
E-Commerce Consumer and Business Adoption Legal and regulatory Environment
Supporting e-Services Social and cultural Infrastructure
Figure 1: The Economist Intelligence Unit/E-Readiness rankings
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6. World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (5): 756-764, 2011
Technology Database Trust
Time
Relationship
Successful CRM
Strategy
Management
Culture
Infrastructure
Education
and Government
Training Support
Cost
Fig. 2: Successful CRM
enterprises (SMEs) abound and are the mainstay of such that improves a SME’s relationships with customers or
economies. CRM which is an acronym for Customer suppliers. This includes cutely transacting business
Relationship Management is an approach for winning, electronically - orders, invoices, shipment documents – as
retaining and servicing of customers. It incorporates all well as using ICT for marketing, market research, customer
the ways businesses try to build and sustain their service, finding potential customers and suppliers,
customers. Within IT, it has to do with the technologies offering entirely new products and services and more.
and systems that enable businesses manage sales, These changes may mean more international business,
marketing and customer service in order to achieve long but not necessarily. It may be easier and make much more
running customer relationships. CRM is at the core of any sense to focus on domestic markets. Gains from electronic
customer focused business strategy and it also includes commerce can come from saving costs or increasing
among other things the people, processes and revenue. Changes can be made in the full range of
technologies that are associated with marketing, sales and business processes: from marketing and sales, payment
services. Long before the advent of technology, and product delivery through post-sale customer service.
businesses have always recognized that the customer is
the soul of every business. Businesses try to have Why Focus on Small and Medium Enterprises?: This
personal relationship with their customers. Before the paper focuses on small and medium enterprises for two
industrial revolution, the prevalent businesses were key reasons. First, they are important to economic
small in size. Customers were known personally by development in developing countries. Per the United
the proprietor and staff of these businesses. They Nations Conference on Trade and Development, SME’s
remained loyal and returned to the shops or stores to account for 60 to 70 percent of all employment in
make repeated purchases, while the business staff developing countries. [42] Clearly, it is critical for such
services the relationship through advice, discounts, credit businesses to be prepared for and take full advantage of
facilities, etc. All those disappeared with the emergence of any benefits offered by electronic commerce. The second
large businesses which industrial revolution and the reason to focus on SME’s is that they are in a very good
urbanization of the society brought along. Although position to adapt to new technology; they may be able to
prices of goods may have been lower, the relationship adapt faster than larger companies that can be slowed by
between the customer and the business merchant became bureaucracy and stricter staffing hierarchies. E-Commerce
nameless and faceless. (Figure 2: Successful CRM) [41]. it may offer them comparatively more advantages to find
new customers and suppliers especially in markets they
Why Prepare SME’s in Developing Countries for have not easily been able to reach before - either
E-Commerce: The paper uses a broad definition of internationally or regionally. Markets everywhere are
electronic commerce, including the use of ICT in any way globalizing partially due to the widespread use of the
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7. World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (5): 756-764, 2011
Internet. Electronic commerce can give SME’s a better The content may be grouped in various ways
chance to compete in their markets and, indeed, in some depending on the intensity of the training effort and the
cases, is or will soon become a competitive necessity for level of sophistication (both business-wise and
survival. The potential benefits of electronic commerce to technically) of the SME’s targeted. In many cases, the
“level the playing field” for SME’s -allowing them to topics may need to be complemented by some basic or
compete better- are critical for them to understand and additional technical training. What SME’s need to know
sort out. can be grouped into the information needed to answer
nine categories or questions?
Potential Gains from E-Commerce: Businesses all over
the world can benefit from electronic commerce C Why might I want to use E-Commerce? What
techniques. They can use these techniques to: benefits might I achieve?
C How do I determine if I can use electronic commerce
C Find new customers – and partners and suppliers – to improve my business?
domestically and internationally C In what part(s) of a business’s processes might E-
C Serve current and new customers better, hence Commerce be incorporated?
offering more value to them C What electronic commerce techniques should I
C Improve the efficiency of their business processes consider and use?
C Offer entirely new services and products – even start C What elements of my context affect how I can
entirely new businesses. successfully use E-Commerce?
C How can I figure out whether the benefits outweigh
Putting SME E-Commerce Readiness in Context: the costs?
Before designing an approach to increasing E-Commerce C What will it take to succeed?
readiness in a specific area, it is critical that the C How can I monitor results to know I am achieving the
development professional consider the context for benefits I expect?
the initiative along several dimensions. This context C What is my concrete action plan to achieve the
setting applies to the way E-Readiness is delivered results?
(e.g. what technology and mode of delivery to use)
as well as the content of the training and support The categories are in a logical order and any
provided. Without carefully considering these two approach to E-Readiness probably needs to follow this
dimensions of context, an E-Commerce readiness initiative logic: e.g. beginning with motivation (“why?”), moving
can fail or fall short of its potential benefits. Below six through the other topics and including with a way to
aspects of context are addressed: AID strategic measure results and how to set an action plan. Some
objectives; on-going, non- USAID initiatives; industry or training approaches (and the ones recommended in this
sector considerations; rural vs. urban settings; paper) will go far beyond setting the action plan and
infrastructure constraints; and considerations for women- include on-going support for the SME’s who choose to
owned SME’s. [43]. move forward with electronic commerce. Each category is
discussed in a section below. We do not attempt to cover
E-commerce Readiness: What Smes Need to Know?: the topics in great detail, but to provide guidance to
This section addresses the topics -- the content -- to development professional preparing for an E-Readiness
cover in any E-Readiness initiative for SME’s in initiative for SME’s.
developing countries. For convenience, the topics are
presented as if part of a curriculum for a classroom or web CONCLUSION
-based course. They can of course be addressed in other
ways, depending on the delivery method chosen. Chapter Electronic commerce (E-Commerce) adoption case
V describes several alternative delivery strategies. How studies in SMEs have been presented in this paper. It
the topics are covered will vary by: shows an analysis of the importance of aligning business
strategy with ecommerce adoption in SMEs. The study
~ The context for the SME’s also underlines several factors and a step-by-step process
C The approach chosen to building E-Readiness of adopting E-Commerce through a proposed framework.
capacity for SME’s The results of this study are useful not only for managers
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8. World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (5): 756-764, 2011
of SMEs but also for government bodies, in developing 4. MacGregor, R.C., L. Vrazalic, S. Carlsson,
countries such as Indonesia, that have economic reasons D. Bunker and M. Magnusson, 2002. 'The impact of
to be concerned about the development of SMEs. The business size and business type on small business
author believes that the results will also provide some investment in electronic commerce: a study of
insights to ICT consultants – with SME customers – in Swedish small businesses'. Australian J. Information
order to improve their service and customer satisfaction. Systems. 9(2): 31- 39.
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development efforts by providing benchmarks for Developing Countries: A Guide for Development
comparison and gauging progress, but there are a lot of Professionals. pp: 2.
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an assessment. They are: adoption of electronic commerce in Mexico.
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C View assessments that have already been done in the 7. Annan, K., 2001. "Development without borders:
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Among E-Readiness projects, greater coordination International Review. 23(2): 24.
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C Whenever an E-Readiness assessment is carried out Adoption in Indonesian SMEs: THE Evaluation of
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has been missed
10. Culkin, N. and D. Smith, 2000. 'An emotional
C Reflect the views of all stakeholders in the E-
business: A guide to understanding the innovations
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C Use assessment results effectively to develop an e-
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11. Dandridge, T.C., 1979. 'Children are not little
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C The actions plans should be so made that they are
organizational theory'. J. Small Business Manage.,
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pp: 53-57.
steps that deliver sustainable, scalable and replicable
12. Heikkila, J., T. Saarinen and M. Saaksjarvi, 1991.
results. This is the best approach to narrowing the
'Success of software packages in small business: An
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