"About 34 million adolescents aged 10-19 constitute 21% of total population of Bangladesh. Early marriage is a social norm in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is second only to Niger in having the highest percentage of adolescent brides in the world.[1]. Early pregnancy is common in Bangladesh. An estimated 2 million births (17% of total births) were attributed to adolescents between the age 15 and 19 in a period of 2005-20101.The fertility rate among the 15-19 years old age group is one of the highest rates, in the world. One of the major challenges in achieving MDG 4 is the slow progress in preventing neonatal deaths, which now account for 57 percent of all under-five deaths and 70 percent of infant deaths. There is strong evidence linking early childbearing with higher perinatal and neonatal death rates", states WHO. therefore now it is the prime time to reduce these incidents of dangerous social behaviours to save future generation- Dr Syeda Zerin Imam. (revised in 2020)
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...ijtsrd
Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
Over the past decade, Kenya has made tremendous efforts to enhance maternal and child health. Secure maternity policies such as free maternity care are one of the initiatives that have enhanced maternal and child health in all public health facilities. Despite these attempts, public health facilities for maternal and child health are still underused. This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design to identify determinants of free maternal health services by evaluating factors determining perceptions and health-seeking behavior of 384 pregnant mothers in Malava Sub-County, Kakamega County. The study used a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative approaches). Questionnaires were administered to pregnant mothers selected for the study. The study employed a purposive sampling of research participants. Quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire administered by the research assistants whereas qualitative data were collected by the researcher through interview schedules. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. However, qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Quantitative data representation was done in terms of frequency and percentages. Analysis of chi-square testing was used to assess the association between the variables of socio-economic and health facilities and the provision of free maternity facilities (p<0.05). The study established that the uptake of free maternal service by pregnant mothers was influenced by their level of primitivism and religious beliefs. In addition, this study found out that 53.8% and 77.7% of the pregnant mothers could not attend antenatal and post-natal care because government facilities were located far away from their residences and they also had less access to some information about free maternal health care. The results of this research would be disseminated to the hospital management team, Sub-Country health management team, County health management team, and other stakeholders, thereby demonstrating reasons for low uptake of free maternity services and helping to strategize for better service delivery. Based on the finding, the study recommends that to improve access to free maternal health care, the county government ought to place health services as close as possible to the community where people live. Secondly, there is a need to embrace the usage of the existing media network to sensitize pregnant mothers to the danger signs and the need to have decision-making powers over their safety. Lastly, hospital management ought to increase the awareness of free maternal health care and to include it among the community priorities during dialog days, action days, and other group discussions.
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This article focuses on the situation assessment and analysis of children and women in Bangladesh provides an overview of the situation regarding education, health and nutrition, protection from abuse and exploitation, participation, and water, sanitation, and hygiene. As Bangladesh turns 46, improvements in women’s wellbeing and increased agency are claimed to be some of the most significant gains in the post-independence era. Various economic and social development indicators show that in the last 20 years, Bangladesh has made substantial progress in increasing women’s access to education and healthcare and in improving women’s participation in the labor force. In Bangladesh the latest BDHS finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependent upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Women in rural areas of Bangladesh enjoy less freedom and choices regarding their reproductive health rights than men. Male domination and socio-economic barriers impede the reproductive health rights of women in rural Bangladesh and to improve maternal and child health more organizational intervention is needed in the rural areas in Bangladesh and to initiate change in existing rural social order.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents...ijtsrd
Objective To assess prevalence of obesity in adolescents of selected schools of Jalandhar, Punjab, to assess Obesity determinants in adolescents of selected schools of alandhar, Punjab, To find out the association between the findings of the study and the selected demographic variables, and In a view to prepare a pamphlet on prevention of obesity. Methodology A cross sectional pilot study was conducted in corporate school of Jalandhar, Punjab and school children aged between13 years to 15 years of age were recruited by purposive random sampling method. Children with physical limitations, mental disability or children undergoing any form of clinical therapy were not included in this study. Anthropometric assessment was done and data were analyzed models using SPSS P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The WHO BMI chart was used to calculate BMI of adolescents. Among 47 participants the prevalence of obesity was 4.2 and 17.02 were overweight, 60 were under weight and 19 were healthy. Based on the sex 7.40 males were having prevalence of obesity , 22.22 males and 11.11 females were having over weight.. The demographic variables revealed that, 57 of participants were from 15 yrs age group, 26 were of 14 yrs age group and the lowest 17 of them were 13 yrs old. Determinants which contribute prevalence of obesity reveal that, there is a significant association between selected socio demographic variables with sedentary behavior P value at 0.001 level which shows highly significant. There is a highly significant association between level of obesity with selected demographic variables in areas like obesity, mothers qualification and family history of obesity at P 0.001, P 0.05 levels. Prof. M. Chinna Devi ""A Pilot Study on Prevalence of Obesity and its Determinants among Adolescents in Schools of Jalandhar, Punjab"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23825.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/23825/a-pilot-study-on-prevalence-of-obesity-and-its-determinants-among-adolescents-in-schools-of-jalandhar-punjab/prof-m-chinna-devi
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
Over the past decade, Kenya has made tremendous efforts to enhance maternal and child health. Secure maternity policies such as free maternity care are one of the initiatives that have enhanced maternal and child health in all public health facilities. Despite these attempts, public health facilities for maternal and child health are still underused. This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design to identify determinants of free maternal health services by evaluating factors determining perceptions and health-seeking behavior of 384 pregnant mothers in Malava Sub-County, Kakamega County. The study used a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative approaches). Questionnaires were administered to pregnant mothers selected for the study. The study employed a purposive sampling of research participants. Quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire administered by the research assistants whereas qualitative data were collected by the researcher through interview schedules. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. However, qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Quantitative data representation was done in terms of frequency and percentages. Analysis of chi-square testing was used to assess the association between the variables of socio-economic and health facilities and the provision of free maternity facilities (p<0.05). The study established that the uptake of free maternal service by pregnant mothers was influenced by their level of primitivism and religious beliefs. In addition, this study found out that 53.8% and 77.7% of the pregnant mothers could not attend antenatal and post-natal care because government facilities were located far away from their residences and they also had less access to some information about free maternal health care. The results of this research would be disseminated to the hospital management team, Sub-Country health management team, County health management team, and other stakeholders, thereby demonstrating reasons for low uptake of free maternity services and helping to strategize for better service delivery. Based on the finding, the study recommends that to improve access to free maternal health care, the county government ought to place health services as close as possible to the community where people live. Secondly, there is a need to embrace the usage of the existing media network to sensitize pregnant mothers to the danger signs and the need to have decision-making powers over their safety. Lastly, hospital management ought to increase the awareness of free maternal health care and to include it among the community priorities during dialog days, action days, and other group discussions.
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This article focuses on the situation assessment and analysis of children and women in Bangladesh provides an overview of the situation regarding education, health and nutrition, protection from abuse and exploitation, participation, and water, sanitation, and hygiene. As Bangladesh turns 46, improvements in women’s wellbeing and increased agency are claimed to be some of the most significant gains in the post-independence era. Various economic and social development indicators show that in the last 20 years, Bangladesh has made substantial progress in increasing women’s access to education and healthcare and in improving women’s participation in the labor force. In Bangladesh the latest BDHS finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependent upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Women in rural areas of Bangladesh enjoy less freedom and choices regarding their reproductive health rights than men. Male domination and socio-economic barriers impede the reproductive health rights of women in rural Bangladesh and to improve maternal and child health more organizational intervention is needed in the rural areas in Bangladesh and to initiate change in existing rural social order.
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the women pregnancy healthy status and behaviors in Eastern-Azerbaijan province referred to the treatment health centers in 2012. The present study was a cross-section study. So 30
married women between 15-49 years old have been taken up randomly for family adjustment and mother health and pregnancy care. A questionnaire including the demographic features and other questions about the status and behavior of the
pregnancy health affairs were used to collect the results. The obtained data of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results that showed 63.8% had itching or the vaginal stimuli and 34.9% (52 ones) had bad-smelling secretions and
36.9% (55 ones) had intense pain around the abdominal area. The investigation of these infectious diseases through sexual path showed that about 0.5% (3 ones) are challenging with these mentioned disorders. The results of the barrenness showed that about 8.7% (52 ones) tried to get pregnant but they did not get pregnant.
Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
Presentation from the dissemination of the Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and health Care Survey 2016. Dhaka, Bangladesh, November 22, 2017. United States Agency for International Development; UKaid; MEASURE Evaluation, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the Bangladesh National Institute of Population Research and Training
RULE-BASED INFERENCING SYSTEM FOR INFERTILITY DIAGNOSIS IN WOMENijaia
Childlessness among married couples is a rising problem in India. One of the major factors of
childlessness is due to being infertile of either one or both of wife or husband. Infertility refers to the
failure of a couple to become pregnant after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility
is a life crisis with invisible losses, and its consequences are manifold. This paper is intended to propose a
rule-based inferencing of infertility diagnosis of women using Java Expert System Shell (JESS). Such a
system is essential because the percentage of childlessness due to infertility is rising very high these days in
India. This framework is aimed to enhance the existing tools used to identify and diagnose infertility
problems in Women in the state of Manipur. We have implemented here the user interface component using
Java, the knowledge base of the system using the Java Expert System Shell (JESS) and the Java IDE of
Netbeans 7.0 while the database component is using SQL. The proposed framework can be used as
guidelines for infertility diagnosis for women to assists the physicians with their daily practices and women
who had infertility problems.
National-Level Trends in Outcomes, Determinants and InterventionsPOSHAN
Presentation by Rasmi Avula (IFPRI) at "Strengthening Data, Analytics and Evidence for Nutrition: An Overview of POSHAN-II" on May 3, 2017, in New Delhi.
Son preference and fertility behavior evidence from Viet Nam - Project statementHanh To
This project seeks to contribute to the current literature of son preference and sex imbalance in Vietnam and other developing countries by extending the measure of “son preference” to birth interval, number of children and probability of using contraceptive methods.
195 place personnel & recollection three modalities on antenatal and new...ijtsrd
The involvement of CHWs in the state of UP has a long history since the 70s and currently it is the key strategy to percolate primary health care to the masses through the Front Line Workers like the Accredited Social Health Activists ASHA and the Angan Wadi Workers AWW . Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy | Dr. Uma Kant Prusty "Place, Personnel & Recollection- Three Modalities on Antenatal and Newborn Care Messages for Recently Delivered Women in Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30774.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/30774/place-personnel-and-recollection-three-modalities-on-antenatal-and-newborn-care-messages-for-recently-delivered-women-in-uttar-pradesh-india/dr-tridibesh-tripathy
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
Impact of Health Education on Preventive Practices of A.R.I among Mothers Liv...iosrjce
Acute respiratory tract infections in young children take a heavy toll on life among urban slum
dwellers and where medical care is not available or sought. The effective way to reduce deaths from ARI is
early and prompts treatment as well as health education. The urban slum population is more vulnerable to
health risk as they face many risk factors like living condition, sanitation, health care facilities. In this pre
experimental study, the variables were assessed through pre and post test followed by educational intervention
for 476 mothers of under five children residing in urban slums of Bangalore District. The data regarding socio
demographic variables of mothers and knowledge of mothers on preventive practices of acute respiratory tract
infections was collected through structured interview schedule. The major study findings indicate that there is
significant difference between the knowledge of practice scores of mothers between pre and post test. The
results also indicates that there is significant relationship between knowledge scores of mothers with their socio
demographic variables and community based health education could enhance the knowledge of mothers
regarding preventive practices of acute respiratory tract infections in their young children.
A Quasi Experimental Study Comparing Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among Pa...YogeshIJTSRD
Introduction The future of nation can become bright only if the children are healthy. They need full protection by their full development. Jujhar Singh Maan | Sobana M | Abhishek Yadav "A Quasi-Experimental Study: Comparing Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among Parents of Children of Experimental and Control Group" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45008.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/45008/a-quasiexperimental-study-comparing-knowledge-regarding-child-abuse-among-parents-of-children-of-experimental-and-control-group/jujhar-singh-maan
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity PSY 625 Bio.docxnettletondevon
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
PSY 625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Professor John Cosma
04/01/2018
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
Introduction
In the process of migration, the demographic and background characteristics of migrants in Bangladesh play a major role. In this research proposal, it will provide the social demographics of frequency and percent distribution, and economic characteristics of migrants before and after migration in Bangladesh. Background characteristics including age and sex of respondents, family type and size, marital status, and educational attainment of respondents before and after migration are included in social-demographic characteristics. Occupation, income food consumption, and health seeking behaviors are also included in the economic characteristics of Bangladesh.
Background
After marriage, pregnancy is accepted in our country. In many countries, such as Bangladesh, marriage is universal. Typically, in an early marriage there is an early pregnancy. Adolescent marriage can make maternal life troubling in early pregnancy. Early pregnancy can produce maternal and child death. According to the World Health Organization (2012), related to pregnancy and childbirth, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes. Countries such as Bangladesh, 99% of maternal deaths occur. Due to the high rates of early marriage and early pregnancies, countries such as Bangladesh, maternal pregnancy and maternal morbidity is slightly higher than other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, maternal morbidity is increasing due to illnesses and injuries (WHO, 2012). Health practitioners exclaims that adolescent girls are not developed enough to bear a child, which can produce maternal deaths or complications.
Justification
Statement of problem and research issue
In related to childbirth, adolescents' physical development is not fully capable to overcome health complications. For example, a mother who is petite in size and young, is more than likely to deliver a baby that is small, weak, may have possible mental delays, and chances of survival are slim to none. Birth complications, still births, and higher incident rates of low birth weights can happen to children who have adolescent mothers. The percentage of underweight children is about 41.5% of births in Bangladesh. Due to adolescent pregnancy, there is a good number of maternal mortality. According to WHO (2012), women living in Bangladesh, the surrounding rural areas, and poor developing communities, have a higher maternal mortality due to morbidity. It is argued that in young adolescent births, there are higher risks of complications and death than older women who conceive. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high around the world. Around the world, more than 800 women experience death from pregnancy and or child-related birth complications. According to BBS (2007), approximately, 728,000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and.
Significance of Health Education among Adolescent GirlsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Adolescence is the period of storm and stress due to rapid changes in various aspects of growth. It is the most challenging phase of development especially in the physiological aspect. Awareness on growth and development among adolescent girls is essential to build a healthy personality. It helps to prevent them from unhealthy lifestyles and teenage pregnancy. The present study focuses on analyzing the level of awareness among adolescent girls about the major physical changes like menstruation and reproduction. The sample consists of 100 adolescent girls from government and aided schools of Kerala. The study found that the awareness related to menstruation is satisfactory. But the awareness related to sex is at below average level. Thus the study highlights the need of health education among adolescents with more focus on sex education.
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the women pregnancy healthy status and behaviors in Eastern-Azerbaijan province referred to the treatment health centers in 2012. The present study was a cross-section study. So 30
married women between 15-49 years old have been taken up randomly for family adjustment and mother health and pregnancy care. A questionnaire including the demographic features and other questions about the status and behavior of the
pregnancy health affairs were used to collect the results. The obtained data of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results that showed 63.8% had itching or the vaginal stimuli and 34.9% (52 ones) had bad-smelling secretions and
36.9% (55 ones) had intense pain around the abdominal area. The investigation of these infectious diseases through sexual path showed that about 0.5% (3 ones) are challenging with these mentioned disorders. The results of the barrenness showed that about 8.7% (52 ones) tried to get pregnant but they did not get pregnant.
Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
Presentation from the dissemination of the Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and health Care Survey 2016. Dhaka, Bangladesh, November 22, 2017. United States Agency for International Development; UKaid; MEASURE Evaluation, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the Bangladesh National Institute of Population Research and Training
RULE-BASED INFERENCING SYSTEM FOR INFERTILITY DIAGNOSIS IN WOMENijaia
Childlessness among married couples is a rising problem in India. One of the major factors of
childlessness is due to being infertile of either one or both of wife or husband. Infertility refers to the
failure of a couple to become pregnant after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility
is a life crisis with invisible losses, and its consequences are manifold. This paper is intended to propose a
rule-based inferencing of infertility diagnosis of women using Java Expert System Shell (JESS). Such a
system is essential because the percentage of childlessness due to infertility is rising very high these days in
India. This framework is aimed to enhance the existing tools used to identify and diagnose infertility
problems in Women in the state of Manipur. We have implemented here the user interface component using
Java, the knowledge base of the system using the Java Expert System Shell (JESS) and the Java IDE of
Netbeans 7.0 while the database component is using SQL. The proposed framework can be used as
guidelines for infertility diagnosis for women to assists the physicians with their daily practices and women
who had infertility problems.
National-Level Trends in Outcomes, Determinants and InterventionsPOSHAN
Presentation by Rasmi Avula (IFPRI) at "Strengthening Data, Analytics and Evidence for Nutrition: An Overview of POSHAN-II" on May 3, 2017, in New Delhi.
Son preference and fertility behavior evidence from Viet Nam - Project statementHanh To
This project seeks to contribute to the current literature of son preference and sex imbalance in Vietnam and other developing countries by extending the measure of “son preference” to birth interval, number of children and probability of using contraceptive methods.
195 place personnel & recollection three modalities on antenatal and new...ijtsrd
The involvement of CHWs in the state of UP has a long history since the 70s and currently it is the key strategy to percolate primary health care to the masses through the Front Line Workers like the Accredited Social Health Activists ASHA and the Angan Wadi Workers AWW . Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy | Dr. Uma Kant Prusty "Place, Personnel & Recollection- Three Modalities on Antenatal and Newborn Care Messages for Recently Delivered Women in Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30774.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/30774/place-personnel-and-recollection-three-modalities-on-antenatal-and-newborn-care-messages-for-recently-delivered-women-in-uttar-pradesh-india/dr-tridibesh-tripathy
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
Impact of Health Education on Preventive Practices of A.R.I among Mothers Liv...iosrjce
Acute respiratory tract infections in young children take a heavy toll on life among urban slum
dwellers and where medical care is not available or sought. The effective way to reduce deaths from ARI is
early and prompts treatment as well as health education. The urban slum population is more vulnerable to
health risk as they face many risk factors like living condition, sanitation, health care facilities. In this pre
experimental study, the variables were assessed through pre and post test followed by educational intervention
for 476 mothers of under five children residing in urban slums of Bangalore District. The data regarding socio
demographic variables of mothers and knowledge of mothers on preventive practices of acute respiratory tract
infections was collected through structured interview schedule. The major study findings indicate that there is
significant difference between the knowledge of practice scores of mothers between pre and post test. The
results also indicates that there is significant relationship between knowledge scores of mothers with their socio
demographic variables and community based health education could enhance the knowledge of mothers
regarding preventive practices of acute respiratory tract infections in their young children.
A Quasi Experimental Study Comparing Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among Pa...YogeshIJTSRD
Introduction The future of nation can become bright only if the children are healthy. They need full protection by their full development. Jujhar Singh Maan | Sobana M | Abhishek Yadav "A Quasi-Experimental Study: Comparing Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among Parents of Children of Experimental and Control Group" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45008.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/45008/a-quasiexperimental-study-comparing-knowledge-regarding-child-abuse-among-parents-of-children-of-experimental-and-control-group/jujhar-singh-maan
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity PSY 625 Bio.docxnettletondevon
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
PSY 625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Professor John Cosma
04/01/2018
Adolescent Pregnancy and Maternal Morbidity
Introduction
In the process of migration, the demographic and background characteristics of migrants in Bangladesh play a major role. In this research proposal, it will provide the social demographics of frequency and percent distribution, and economic characteristics of migrants before and after migration in Bangladesh. Background characteristics including age and sex of respondents, family type and size, marital status, and educational attainment of respondents before and after migration are included in social-demographic characteristics. Occupation, income food consumption, and health seeking behaviors are also included in the economic characteristics of Bangladesh.
Background
After marriage, pregnancy is accepted in our country. In many countries, such as Bangladesh, marriage is universal. Typically, in an early marriage there is an early pregnancy. Adolescent marriage can make maternal life troubling in early pregnancy. Early pregnancy can produce maternal and child death. According to the World Health Organization (2012), related to pregnancy and childbirth, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes. Countries such as Bangladesh, 99% of maternal deaths occur. Due to the high rates of early marriage and early pregnancies, countries such as Bangladesh, maternal pregnancy and maternal morbidity is slightly higher than other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, maternal morbidity is increasing due to illnesses and injuries (WHO, 2012). Health practitioners exclaims that adolescent girls are not developed enough to bear a child, which can produce maternal deaths or complications.
Justification
Statement of problem and research issue
In related to childbirth, adolescents' physical development is not fully capable to overcome health complications. For example, a mother who is petite in size and young, is more than likely to deliver a baby that is small, weak, may have possible mental delays, and chances of survival are slim to none. Birth complications, still births, and higher incident rates of low birth weights can happen to children who have adolescent mothers. The percentage of underweight children is about 41.5% of births in Bangladesh. Due to adolescent pregnancy, there is a good number of maternal mortality. According to WHO (2012), women living in Bangladesh, the surrounding rural areas, and poor developing communities, have a higher maternal mortality due to morbidity. It is argued that in young adolescent births, there are higher risks of complications and death than older women who conceive. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high around the world. Around the world, more than 800 women experience death from pregnancy and or child-related birth complications. According to BBS (2007), approximately, 728,000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and.
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
Adolescent pregnancy continues to be a grave problem in India not only from the obstetrical point of view but from the social and economical perspectives also. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15 and 19 in the developing world.
Ijsrp p8825 Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (...Elizabeth kiilu
Caregiver factors influencing seeking of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV services in selected hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya:A qualitative Study
Module IIIMaternal Health ______________________________________.docxmoirarandell
Module III
Maternal Health _______________________________________________
Introduction
In the Module we will explore maternal health paying particular attention to global disparities in the support and care mothers around the world get, the factors that promote such disparities, causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, the impact of reproductive patterns on the health of children, and mechanisms to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-and –middle income countries.
At the end of this Module you should be able to articulate the following:
Critical Skills
1. Explain the global trends in maternal health.
2. Identify the key players and they play in promoting maternal health.
3. Be able to identify the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the U.S and other countries, particularly developing nations.
4. Explain mechanisms used to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
5. Be familiar with at least two development organizations/NGOs and their work around maternal health.
Maternal Health at a Glance
Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. While most women look forward to motherhood (and their spouses to fatherhood), for too many women, motherhood is a torturous experience associated with suffering, ill-health and even death. It is estimated that about 800 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications around the world every day. Consider the following few facts about maternal health (WHO):
· Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth – about 287 000 women in 2010 alone. Most of them died due to preventable cause like not being able to access skilled routine and emergency care.
· The FOUR main maternal mortality causes are: severe bleeding, infections, unsafe abortion, and hypertensive disorders (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). After delivery bleeding is very serious condition, if unattended, it can kill even a healthy woman within two hours.
· Of the more than 136 million women who give birth a year, about 20 million of them experience pregnancy-related illness after childbirth.
· About 16 million girls aged between 15 and 19 give birth each year, accounting for more than 10% of all births. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls 15-19 in developing nations.
· The state of maternal health mirrors the gap between the rich and the poor. Less than 1% of maternal deaths occur in high-income countries. The lifetime risk of dying from complications in childbirth or pregnancy for a woman in the developing world is an average of one in 150 compared to one in 3800 in developed countries. Of the 800 women who die every day,440 live in sub-Saharan Africa, 230 in Southern Asia and five in high-income countries.
· Most maternal deaths can be prevented through skilled care at childbirth and access to emergency obstetric c ...
Under Five Child Mortality Experience from Bangladeshijtsrd
Under five mortality rates is a key indicator for several development policies, targets and programs. However, relevant source of data on causes of death are not available in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Because sometimes the information is hidden with the various causes of risk. The main purpose of this study is to find out some different cases of child mortality with the various causes. The paper reveals that several characteristics socioeconomic, demographic, health related disease and non disease are affecting child mortality. Juliet Reberio "Under Five Child Mortality: Experience from Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42601.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/other/42601/under-five-child-mortality-experience-from-bangladesh/juliet-reberio
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Statement of problem “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in A Selected areas.â€Material and Methods In the present study one group pre test and post test experimental descriptive research design is used to collect the sample from selected areas of Mohali of 100 adolescent girls. The sample is collected through purposive sampling technique. The data is collected by socio demographic questionnaire and self instructional module.Result Majority 58 58 of the adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 40 40 had moderate knowledge and 02 2 had adequate knowledge in pre test before administering structured teaching program. After getting structured teaching program, 15 15 of adolescent girls had moderate knowledge and 85 85 of adolescent girls had reported adequate knowledge. It is significantly shows that there is association between knowledge levels of adolescent girls regarding prevention and prevalence of anemia and demographic variables.Conclusion It was concluded that there is gain in knowledge after teaching program and there is significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ms. Ramanpreet Kaur | Ms. P. Chitra "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Selected Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49097.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/49097/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-and-prevalence-of-anemia-among-adolescent-girls-in-selected-areas/ms-deepti
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
3. BACKGROUND:
Bangladesh contributes a substantial proportion of adolescent pregnancies to the global
burden of premature motherhood. It is among one of the 10 countries with the highest
prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls in both relative prevalence (40%) and absolute
number (nearly 3 million). Bangladesh is a densely populated country and generally child
marriage, social bullying due to poverty, minority, gender disparity, various sexual crime like
rape, sexual abuse, insisted and forced sex, domestic violence, mental problem, poor family
care, bonding and caution towards the teen agers and poor intention to seek health care due
to different reasons are persistent that causing the adolescent pregnancy in the country. The
health and social consequences of adolescent pregnancy is very detrimental. The health
consequences of adolescent pregnancy include the greater risk of anemia, low birth weight,
preterm birth, maternal and neonatal mortality. Adolescent girls also have high rates of
complications from pregnancy, delivery and unsafe abortion. Social consequences include early
school dropout, low empowerment and risk of remaining poor. Pregnancy during adolescence
adds higher nutritional needs to the adolescent as they are still growing and maturing. During
the transitional and vulnerable period of adolescent growth and development, adequate
nutrition plays a vital role in assuring a strong physiological and psychological foundation for
current and future health, well being and productivity of women. But the characteristics of these
young mothers are generally: poor education, rural dwelling and low earnings and these
characters eventually leads to poor knowledge, under build physic and retarded psyche to the
girl.
6. WHO –Key facts
• About 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 and some 1 million girls under 15 give birth every year—
most in low- and middle-income countries.
• Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death for 15-19 year-
girls globally.
• Every year, some 3 million girls aged 15 to 19 undergo unsafe abortions.
• Babies born to adolescent mothers face a substantially higher risk of dying than those born to
women aged 20 to 24.
7. According to UNFPA:
In the year 2018 the total population of the world is 7633 millions.
Adolescent birth rate is 44 in per 1000 who are aged 15 to 19 (2006-2017).
8. HYPOTHESIS
Pregnancy at the adolescent age may be caused by significant determinants and there might
be an extensive possibility of maternal morbidity.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the determinants or circumstances that are responsible for the adolescence
pregnancy ?
2. What are consequences of adolescent pregnancy ?
3. What is the solution of adolescent pregnancy ?
9. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To identify the determinants of adolescent pregnancy and maternal morbidity among
adolescent girls in Bangladesh.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. To identify the determinants or the circumstances of adolescent pregnancy in Bangladesh.
2. To identify the consequences of adolescent pregnancy in Bangladesh.
3. To identify the solution of the adolescent pregnancy in Bangladesh.
11. Demographic factors
Education
Marital Status
Number of Family Member
Socio- economic Factors
Family Income
Employment Status
Occupation
Cultural Factors
Religion
Ethnicity
Spatial Factors
Urban
Rural
Hill areas
River bank
plane land
Knowledge and attitude related factors
Knowledge about balanced diet
Knowledge about pregnancy
Formal access to health care through
Government Programs
NGO & private Programs
Educational Institution Programs
Mass Media Programs
Health Care During Pregnancy
Age of first pregnancy
Antenatal care (ANC) during pregnancy
Frequency of ANC visits
Consumption of Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets
Any health complaining during pregnancy
Care during and after delivery
Place of delivery
Type of delivery
Assistance during delivery
Postnatal care (PNC)
Adoption of any family Planning
Pregnancy outcome and child’s health care
Abortion
Any health complication of the new born
New born’s birth weight
Pre-mature baby
Vitamin A capsule supplement
Vaccination status
Sex and pregnancy history
Consensual sex
Non consensual sex
Adolescent
Pregnancy
And Maternal
Morbidity
12. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Teen age pregnancy generally develops in poor, less educated and rural surroundings and occurs
due to various socio economic circumstances which leads to intentional and unintentional
pregnancies. Adolescent mothers are completely immature for the procedure of procreating
another human being inside their physic and it results in formation of defective infants and causes
maternal morbidity and very frequently mortality. Maternal morbidity by pregnancy is
unacceptably high in Bangladesh due to its poor resource setting. And it is an important public
health problem for the country and it should be addressed very minutely for socio-economic
stability and development of the country.
We all can understand that imperfect babies can never be the perfect citizens. In Bangladesh low
birth weight babies are 41.5% of total birth and these babies mostly belong to the adolescent
mothers. Along with this there are still births, different birth complications and maternal and
neonatal mortality. These adverse complications often leads to criminal offence in the family and
eventually these events are creating huge social burden and high economic burden for the
country as well.
13. STUDY DESIGN
The study will be a descriptive cross sectional study.
TARGET POPULATION AND SAMPLE POPULATION
1. Target population of the study will be the
a. adolescent girls aged 13-19 at the time of survey.
b. Adults who have experienced their first pregnancy between the years 13-19
2. Sample population of the study will be the
a. adolescent girls aged 13-19 at the time of survey.
b. Adults who have experienced their first pregnancy between the years 13-19
14. SYUDY SITE AND AREA
The study will be conducted in the capital and rural area of Bangladesh.
in Dhaka : 1. BSMMU (BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIB MEDICAL UNIVERSITY)
2. CMH (COMBINED MILITARY HOSPITAL)
3. DMC (DHAKA MEDICAL COLLAGE)
4. MARIE STOPES CILIC AND METERNITY
5. SSMC (SHAHEED SUHRAWARDY MEDICAL COLLEGE)
In rural area: 5 rural areas will be selected for the data collection
1. Savar
2. Narayangonj
3. Gazipur
4. Mymensing
5. Tangail
15. STUDY PERIOD
Study duration will be 3 months from December 2018 to February 2019
SAMPPLE SIZE
The sample size will be determined by using the formulae:
n=
Zα
2 pq
d2
n= Sample size to be determined
Z= standard normal deviate which cuts the abscissa at 1.96 for 95% confidence level.
p= proportion of adolescents possessing a characteristic which is 33.2 (according to
World Bank collection of Development indicators 2014, compiled from officially
recognized sources)
16. q = 1-p
= 1- 33.2
= 66.8
d = 0.1x p
= 3.32
n =
Zα
2 pq
d2
=
= 8519.746
11.0224
= 772.94
(3.32)
2
(1.96)
2
X (33.2) (66.8)
Considering 10% non- response the ultimate
sample size will be :
= 773 + 77
= 850
But considering the unavoidable dropout and
other circumstances the sample size will be
taken = 1000.
17. DATA COLLECTION
Both primary and secondary data will be collected for this research. Data gathering and analysis
will occur simultaneously. To carry out the research systemic actions will be taken step by step.
Like:
collection of information
Data analysis and interpretation
primary and secondary data has different step as both are different. This two are:
Primary data source: primary data will be collected from field survey with structured
questionnaire.
Data type: qualitative data
Instruments: recorder, pen, pencil, structured questionnaire and camera.
Technique the data collection technique will be face to face interview. Specially structured
interview will be done. Along with that some open questions will be done to get an
inquiry with research topic.
18. Secondary data source: Secondary data will be collected from the following instruments:
o Bangladesh bureau of Statistics
o Bangladesh demographic health Survey
o Official reports
o Books, newspapers, national and international journals and so on
DATA ENTRY AND DATA ANALYSIS
After collecting data the editing and recording of collected data will be done. After that data will be
entered using SPSS. The rearranging of data, collapsing of data, creating new variables and
necessary merging the categories with negligible frequency will be conducted to prepare the data
for the final analysis.
Analysis will be done using the statistical software SPSS.
20. Identification of the problem Topic Selection Objective Selection
Indicator Selection
Study Area Selection
Primary Data Collection
Questionnaire Formation
Discussion
Conceptualization
Literature Review
Data Submission
Data Analysis
Data Presenting
Data Processing
Final Submission
Secondary Data Collection
23. Global Context
Europe
• The regional average rate of births per 1000 females 15–19 years of age is 25,
varying from 4 in Switzerland to 57 in Bulgaria.
• The United Kingdom –In England and Wales in 1988 the adolescent pregnancy
rate (15–19 years) was 45/1000; the abortion rate19/1000; and the birth rate
26/1000 (Wadhera & Millar, 1997).
Middle East and North Africa
• The regional average rate of births per 1000 females 15–19 years of age is 56,
varying from 18 in Tunisia to 122 in Oman.
24. Central Asia
• The regional average rate of births per 1000 females 15–19 years of age is 59,
varying from 19 in Azerbaijan to 152 in Afghanistan (UNICEF).
• Bangladesh – between the ages of 15 and 19 years, 69% of females marry. Most
marriages in the villages occur soon after menarche. These early marriages result
in a high proportion of first pregnancies before the age of 19.
• India – the birth rate per 1000 females (15–19) is 107. There are however
considerable differences between rural and urban regions: in rural areas the
adolescent birth rate is 121/1000 while in Delhi it is 36/1000
25. Latin America
• The regional average rate of births per 1000 females 15–19 years of age is 78, varying
from 56 in Chile to149 in Nicaragua (UNFPA). In some parts of Latin America, 30–40% of
all adolescent females experience motherhood before the age of 18.
Sub-Saharan Africa
• The regional average rate of births per 1000 females 15–19 years of age is 143, varying
from 45 in Mauritius to 229 in Guinea. • This is very high compared to the world average
of 65.
26. Bangladesh:
There is greater likelihood of maternal mortality.
The risk of dying from pregnancy related causes
is twice as high for adolescents aged 15-19
27. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy
• Social deprivation
• Lower socio-economic group
• Low educational achievement
• Having had teen parents
• Being in the care of social services
• Poor transition from school to work at adolescent age
• Sexual abuse
• Mental health problems
• Crime
• Population density
28. • Social deprivation
Teenagers from unskilled manual backgrounds (social class V) are 10 times more
likely to become teenage mothers than those from professional backgrounds
(social class I).
Teenagers from socially deprived areas are up to six times more likely to
pregnant than teenagers from other areas.
• Low educational achievement
Young people scoring below average educational achievement at ages 7 and 16
years are at significantly increased risk of becoming teenage parents. “Both
and effect”
29. • Teenage parents
Women who were themselves children of teenage mothers are more likely to have a
pregnancy compared with those born to older mothers and the offspring are at risk for
becoming teenage mothers or fathers themselves.
Socioeconomic deprivation
There is a strong association between teenage pregnancy and socioeconomic deprivation.
Victims Are usually socially excluded,
Experience domestic violence
poor attenders at antenatal clinic
homeless / the care of social services.
31. 9. Obstetric Fistulas
10. Puerperal Sepsis
11. Mental illness
12. Suicide
13. Homicide
14. Alcohol and substance abuse and smoking
15. Post delivery depression and difficulties with breast feeding.
16. Risk of being abandoned my her partner and family and be left with no means of
support.
32. • Gynecological immaturity
• Many adolescent girls retain the potential to grow while pregnant.
• Almost 50% of adolescents continue to grow while pregnant. This growth is
with larger pregnancy weight gains, increased fat stores and greater postpartum
retention than in non growing adolescents and mature women.
• Paradoxically, in spite of the changes typically associated with increased fetal size
(larger pregnancy weight gains, increased fat stores), the offspring are smaller in
growing than non – growing adolescents.
• This significant reduction in fetal growth rate is attributed to a competition for
nutrients between the maternal body and the gravid uterus.