This document provides an overview of total quality management (TQM) concepts for engineers. It discusses the three main quality gurus - Deming, Juran, and Crosby - and their common themes around leadership commitment, continuous improvement, and preventing defects. The document also examines different definitions of quality, approaches to quality costs, customer satisfaction, and the benefits of TQM such as loyalty, market share, and productivity. The goal of TQM is continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.
A Study on TQM Development, Performance and Sustenance in Service Industries...vivatechijri
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer
satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the
business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which in turn provides
increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It operates on
the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM development,
performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical success factors and
market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee communication and the
relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)
cycle-based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship between TQM and market
orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study investigates the reasons for TQM
failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Describe Deming’s 14 principles and Baldrige’s 11 core values
Compare and contrast principles vs. values.
Determine which speaks to higher quality; Deming or Baldrige, and why.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Study on TQM Development, Performance and Sustenance in Service Industries ...iosrjce
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer
satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the
business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which inturn
provides increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It
operates on the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM
development, performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical
success factors and market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee
communication and the relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship
between TQM and market orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study
investigates the reasons for TQM failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM.
A Study on TQM Development, Performance and Sustenance in Service Industries...vivatechijri
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer
satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the
business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which in turn provides
increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It operates on
the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM development,
performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical success factors and
market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee communication and the
relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA)
cycle-based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship between TQM and market
orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study investigates the reasons for TQM
failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Describe Deming’s 14 principles and Baldrige’s 11 core values
Compare and contrast principles vs. values.
Determine which speaks to higher quality; Deming or Baldrige, and why.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Study on TQM Development, Performance and Sustenance in Service Industries ...iosrjce
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer
satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the
business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which inturn
provides increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It
operates on the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM
development, performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical
success factors and market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee
communication and the relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship
between TQM and market orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study
investigates the reasons for TQM failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM.
TQM is the integration of all functions and processes within an organization in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services. The goal is customer satisfaction.
Agwu, M. E., Onwuegbuzie, H. N., & Onasanya, A. Y. (2017). Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Organizational Growth. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, (425) 115-133. Available at: http://scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/4014
Perceptions of smes (manufacturing firms) towards the key elements of tqmeSAT Journals
Abstract Total Quality Management is a widely used approach for various reasons. In addition to the ISO 9001 certification TQM is considered to be the next step towards the journey of zero defects The race of quality management is initiated by the large scale companies with professional approach and with the available funds and infrastructure to meet with the challenges of present competitive environment. However the SMEs also in order to grab the opportunities prevailing and to increase the life span of their organizations are joining the band wagon of Quality as a strategy. There are several key elements of TQM. The awareness about these different elements of TQM is however a question mark. This research paper is indicating with a survey of a small sample of SMEs about the level of awareness and the importance they feel about the elements of TQM. It was observed that very few SMEs were inclined to go beyond ISO9001. However those SMEs which were following TQM principles were more or less aware about the prompted key elements. Further it was found that there is maximum awareness about the continuous improvement. Process management, House Keeping and Quality chain (Customer – Supplier relationship) are also considered to be important ones for the success of TQM implementation. These were followed by Team working & Synergy, Employee Empowerment, Bench Marking, Creativity & Innovation. Kaizen seems to be the element which SMEs are not much aware about. Keywords: TQM, ISO9001, SMEs, Process Management, Quality Chain, Synergy, Bench Marking
Perceptions of smes (manufacturing firms) towards the key elements of tqmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Role of Total Quality Management in Raising Service Quality of Libraries ...inventionjournals
The Stone Age did not end because there were no more stones but it ended because of continuous improvement (kaizen). If the Stone Age people could apply continuous improvement who are we to ignore it. Continuous improvement should be applied by everyone, organisations, nations and the world. Without continuous improvement, we become lagging behind and lose in this competitive improvement and lose our market share. There is therefore the need for libraries and information centres to adopt Total Quality Management (TQM) in order to ensure their importance as gateways for information. Failure to do this will result in them losing their competitive advantage in this world of information and knowledge economy. There is global information competition due to the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies and libraries and information professionals should run very first in order to stay in the same position. This paper defines quality and Total Quality Management. It explains the application and the role of Total Quality Management in libraries and Information centers to enhance service quality. The reasons for TQM failure are listed and solutions and recommendations given. This paper recommends quality culture in libraries and information centres
The report is on the Total Quality Mangement of the Federal Board of Revenue Pakistan. How the total quality will be managed. What conditions and rules are made to increase the total quality. How to train the employees every month or every 6 months. How to satisfied the customer for the best training of the employees.
Building an Excellent Team in Modern Timesvivek2008
Nothing in the world can take the place of Persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts.
It is Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. These makes the Team Excellent.
What former President of United States Calvin Coolidge said is true. Persistence can put your team together through rough weather & achieve success. How can you make your team persistently perform?
The chapter commences by providing a comprehensive overview of TQM, presenting it as a holistic approach to managing quality across all aspects of an organization. It elucidates how TQM encompasses various elements, including leadership commitment, customer focus, employee engagement, continuous improvement, and data-driven decision making. By integrating these components, TQM aims to create a culture of quality throughout the organization, fostering a relentless pursuit of excellence.
Next, the chapter explores the historical evolution of TQM, tracing its roots back to quality pioneers such as W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Armand V. Feigenbaum. It highlights their contributions to the development of TQM principles and philosophies, emphasizing the paradigm shift from a reactive, inspection-based approach to a proactive, preventive one.
Moreover, the chapter delves into the core principles of TQM, elucidating concepts such as customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, and process optimization. It emphasizes the significance of customer-centricity, stressing that meeting and exceeding customer expectations is the cornerstone of TQM.
Furthermore, the chapter expounds upon the benefits of implementing TQM within an organization. It discusses how TQM can enhance product and service quality, increase customer loyalty, boost operational efficiency, reduce costs, and drive innovation. By adopting TQM principles, organizations can gain a competitive edge and position themselves as leaders in their respective industries.
Lastly, the chapter provides an overview of the implementation strategies for TQM. It outlines the steps involved in initiating a TQM program, including establishing a quality management system, conducting employee training, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, and measuring performance through key quality metrics. The chapter emphasizes the importance of top leadership commitment and employee involvement in successfully implementing TQM.
TQM is the integration of all functions and processes within an organization in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services. The goal is customer satisfaction.
Agwu, M. E., Onwuegbuzie, H. N., & Onasanya, A. Y. (2017). Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Organizational Growth. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, (425) 115-133. Available at: http://scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/4014
Perceptions of smes (manufacturing firms) towards the key elements of tqmeSAT Journals
Abstract Total Quality Management is a widely used approach for various reasons. In addition to the ISO 9001 certification TQM is considered to be the next step towards the journey of zero defects The race of quality management is initiated by the large scale companies with professional approach and with the available funds and infrastructure to meet with the challenges of present competitive environment. However the SMEs also in order to grab the opportunities prevailing and to increase the life span of their organizations are joining the band wagon of Quality as a strategy. There are several key elements of TQM. The awareness about these different elements of TQM is however a question mark. This research paper is indicating with a survey of a small sample of SMEs about the level of awareness and the importance they feel about the elements of TQM. It was observed that very few SMEs were inclined to go beyond ISO9001. However those SMEs which were following TQM principles were more or less aware about the prompted key elements. Further it was found that there is maximum awareness about the continuous improvement. Process management, House Keeping and Quality chain (Customer – Supplier relationship) are also considered to be important ones for the success of TQM implementation. These were followed by Team working & Synergy, Employee Empowerment, Bench Marking, Creativity & Innovation. Kaizen seems to be the element which SMEs are not much aware about. Keywords: TQM, ISO9001, SMEs, Process Management, Quality Chain, Synergy, Bench Marking
Perceptions of smes (manufacturing firms) towards the key elements of tqmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Role of Total Quality Management in Raising Service Quality of Libraries ...inventionjournals
The Stone Age did not end because there were no more stones but it ended because of continuous improvement (kaizen). If the Stone Age people could apply continuous improvement who are we to ignore it. Continuous improvement should be applied by everyone, organisations, nations and the world. Without continuous improvement, we become lagging behind and lose in this competitive improvement and lose our market share. There is therefore the need for libraries and information centres to adopt Total Quality Management (TQM) in order to ensure their importance as gateways for information. Failure to do this will result in them losing their competitive advantage in this world of information and knowledge economy. There is global information competition due to the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies and libraries and information professionals should run very first in order to stay in the same position. This paper defines quality and Total Quality Management. It explains the application and the role of Total Quality Management in libraries and Information centers to enhance service quality. The reasons for TQM failure are listed and solutions and recommendations given. This paper recommends quality culture in libraries and information centres
The report is on the Total Quality Mangement of the Federal Board of Revenue Pakistan. How the total quality will be managed. What conditions and rules are made to increase the total quality. How to train the employees every month or every 6 months. How to satisfied the customer for the best training of the employees.
Building an Excellent Team in Modern Timesvivek2008
Nothing in the world can take the place of Persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts.
It is Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. These makes the Team Excellent.
What former President of United States Calvin Coolidge said is true. Persistence can put your team together through rough weather & achieve success. How can you make your team persistently perform?
The chapter commences by providing a comprehensive overview of TQM, presenting it as a holistic approach to managing quality across all aspects of an organization. It elucidates how TQM encompasses various elements, including leadership commitment, customer focus, employee engagement, continuous improvement, and data-driven decision making. By integrating these components, TQM aims to create a culture of quality throughout the organization, fostering a relentless pursuit of excellence.
Next, the chapter explores the historical evolution of TQM, tracing its roots back to quality pioneers such as W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Armand V. Feigenbaum. It highlights their contributions to the development of TQM principles and philosophies, emphasizing the paradigm shift from a reactive, inspection-based approach to a proactive, preventive one.
Moreover, the chapter delves into the core principles of TQM, elucidating concepts such as customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, and process optimization. It emphasizes the significance of customer-centricity, stressing that meeting and exceeding customer expectations is the cornerstone of TQM.
Furthermore, the chapter expounds upon the benefits of implementing TQM within an organization. It discusses how TQM can enhance product and service quality, increase customer loyalty, boost operational efficiency, reduce costs, and drive innovation. By adopting TQM principles, organizations can gain a competitive edge and position themselves as leaders in their respective industries.
Lastly, the chapter provides an overview of the implementation strategies for TQM. It outlines the steps involved in initiating a TQM program, including establishing a quality management system, conducting employee training, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, and measuring performance through key quality metrics. The chapter emphasizes the importance of top leadership commitment and employee involvement in successfully implementing TQM.
Nursing leadership and management course / Total Quality MnagementMouad Hourani
What is Quality?
Definition of Quality in healthcare?
Quality Evolution .
Quality control.
Quality Assurance.
Total Quality Management.
Old vs. TQM Approach.
The Deming, Juran and Crosby philosophies.
Quality Principles.
Why Quality?
Quality perspectives.
Key Dimensions of Quality.
Good Managers (Leaders)
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Sequence of presentation
Introduction
Three Quality Gurus
Commonality of Themes of Quality Gurus
DIFINITION OF QUALITY
Five Approaches of Defining Quality
System Approach for TQM
Triangle of wisdom
TQO HRM
Customer Satisfaction
Indicators for Customer Satisfaction
Cost of Quality
Benefits of TQM
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION TO TQM
What is TQM?
TQM is the integration of all functions and processes within an
organization in order to achieve continuous improvement of
the quality of goods and services. The goal is customer
satisfaction.
“ No doubt , humans are always deficient”
(Al-Quran)
4. The Three Quality Gurus
Deming: the best known of the “early” pioneers, is
credited with popularizing quality control in Japan in early
1950s.Today, he is regarded as a national hero in that
country and is the father of the world famous Deming prize
for quality.
5. JURAN
Juran, like Deming was invited to Japan in 1954 by the
union of Japanese Scientists and engineers.
Juran defines quality as fitness for use in terms of design,
conformance, availability, safety and field use. He focuses
on top-down management and technical methods rather than
worker pride and satisfaction.
6. Philip Crosby: author of popular book Quality
is Free. His absolutes of quality are:
Quality is defined as conformance to requirements, not
“goodness”
The system for achieving quality is prevention, not
appraisal.
The performance standard is zero defects, not “that’s close
enough”
The measurement of quality is the price of non-
conformance, not indexes.
7. Commonality of Themes of Quality Gurus
Inspection is never the answer to quality improvement, nor
is “policing”.
Involvement of leadership and top management is essential
to the necessary culture of commitment to quality.
A program for quality requires organization-wide efforts
and long term commitment, accompanied by the necessary
investment in training.
Quality is first and schedules are second.
8. DIFINITION OF QUALITY
The concept and vocabulary of quality are elusive. Different
people interpret quality differently. Few can define quality
in measurable terms that can be proved operationalized.
When asked what differentiates their product or service;
The banker will answer” service”
The healthcare worker will answer “quality health care”
The hotel employee will answer “customer satisfaction”
The manufacturer will simply answer “quality product”
9. Five Approaches of Defining Quality
Harvard professor David Garvin, in his book
Managing Quality summarized five principal
approaches to define quality.
Transcendent
Product based
User based
Manufacturing based
Value based
10. Transcendental view
Those who hold the transcendental view would say “I can’t
define it, but I know it when I see it”
Advertisers are fond of promoting products in these terms.
“ Where shopping is a pleasure” (supermarket). “We love to
fly and it shows" (airline).
Television and print media are awash with such indefinable
claims and therein lies the problem:
Quality is difficult to define or to operationalize. It thus
becomes elusive when using the approach as basis for
competitive advantage. Moreover, the functions of design,
production and service may find it difficult to use the
definition as a basis for quality management.
11. PRODUCT BASED
Quality is viewed as a quantifiable or measurable
characteristic or attribute. For example durability or
reliability can be measured and the engineer can design to
that benchmark.
Quality is determined objectively.
Although this approach has many benefits, it has limitation
as well. Where quality is based on individual taste or
preference, the benchmark for measurement may be
misleading.
12. USER BASED
It is based on idea that quality is an individual matter and
products that best satisfy their preferences are those with the
highest quality. This is rational approach but leads to two
problems;
Consumer preference vary widely and it is difficult to
aggregate these preferences into products with wide appeal.
This leads to the choice between a niche strategy or a
market aggregation approach which tries to identify those
product attributes that meet the needs of the largest number
of consumers.
Another problem concerns the answer to the question “Are
quality and customer satisfaction the same?” the answer is
probably not. One may admit that a Lincoln continental has
many quality attribute, but satisfaction may be better
achieved with an Escort.
13. MANUFACTURING BASED
Manufacturing-based definitions are concerned primarily
with engineering and manufacturing practices and use the
universal definition of “conformance to requirements”.
Requirements or specifications are established by design
and any deviation implies a reduction in quality. The
concept applies to services as well as product. Excellence in
quality is not necessarily in the eye of the beholder but
rather in the standards set by the organization.
This approach has the serious weakness. The consumer’s
perception of quality is equated with conformance and
hence is internally focused.
14. Value Based
It is defined in term of costs and prices as well as
number of other attributes. Thus, the consumer’s
purchased decision is based on quality at an
acceptable price. This approach is reflected in the
popular Consumer Reports magazine which ranks
products and services based on two criteria: Quality
and Value.
The highest quality is not usually the best value.
That designation is assigned to the “best- buy”
product or service.
15. MANAGEMENT OF
PROCESS
QUALITY
HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC
QUALITY
PLANNING
INFORMATION
AND ANALYSIS
CUSTOMER
FOCUS
AND
SATISFACTION
QUALITY
AND
OPERATIONAL
RESULTS
SENIOR
EXECUTIVE
LEADERSHIP
System Approach for TQM
Driver
System
17. Characteristics of TQM Leader
Visible, Committed and Knowledgeable
A Missionary Zeal
Aggressive Targets
Strong Drivers
Communication of Values
Organization
Customers Contact
18. TQO HRM
Five Principles are:
Quality Work the First Time
Focus on the Customer
Strategic Holistic Approach to Improvement
CI as a Way of Life
Mutual Respect and Teamwork
20. Indicators for Customer Satisfaction
Frontline empowerment
Excellent hiring, training, attitude and morale for front line
employees
Proactive customer service system
Proactive management of relationship with customers
Use of all listening posts
Quality requirements of market segment
Commitment to customers
Understanding customer requirements
Service standards meeting customers requirements
21. Cost of Quality
Three Views of quality Costs
Higher quality means higher cost.
Quality attributes such as performance and features cost more in
terms of labor, material, design and other costly resources.
The additional benefits from improved quality do not compensate
for additional expense.
The cost of improving quality is less than the resulting savings.
The saving result from less rework, scrap and other direct expenses
related defects.
This is said to account for the focus on continuous improvement of
processes in Japanese firms.
22. Three Views of quality Costs
Quality costs are those incurred in excess of those
that would have been incurred if the product were
built or the service performed exactly right the first
time.
This view is held by adherents of TQM philosophy.
Costs include not only those that are direct, but also
those resulting from lost customers, lost market share
and the many hidden costs and foregone opportunities
not identified by modern cost accounting systems.
23. Quality Costs
COST OF QUALITY IS THE COST OF
NON QUALITY
1: 10:100 Rule
“A stitch in time saves nine”
24. Types of Quality Costs
The cost of quality is generally classified into
four categories
1. Cost of Prevention
2. Cost of Appraisal
3. Cost of Internal Failure
4. Cost of External Failure
25. Quality Costs
Cost of Prevention
Prevention costs include those activities which remove and
prevent defects from occurring in the production process.
Included are such activities as quality planning, production
reviews, training, and engineering analysis, which are
incurred to ensure that poor quality is not produced.
Appraisal
Those costs incurred to identify poor quality products after
they occur but before shipment to customers. e.g. Inspection
activity.
26. Quality Costs
Internal Failure
Those incurred during the production process.
Include such items as machine downtime, poor quality
materials, scrap, and rework.
External Failure
Those incurred after the product is shipped.
External failure costs include returns and allowances,
warranty costs, and hidden costs of customer dissatisfaction
and lost market share.
28. Conclusion
Remember the earth revolves around the
CUSTOMER. Quality begets customers and
customers beget quality. Let us all have action
plans to support quality, this will make the
world happy and earn us the blessing of God
Almighty.
“Actions are direct reflection of one’s
intentions” (Al-Quran)