IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Sample Report on Logistic Operation management by Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
The present report is designed to provide deep knowledge about the use of forecasting in logistic operations management of Nestle which is a Swiss multinational food and beverage company headquartered in Switzerland .For more information regarding Logistic Operation management read our complete sample.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Sample Report on Logistic Operation management by Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
The present report is designed to provide deep knowledge about the use of forecasting in logistic operations management of Nestle which is a Swiss multinational food and beverage company headquartered in Switzerland .For more information regarding Logistic Operation management read our complete sample.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
Impact of Cost of Quality on Total Quality Management in Garment Industryijtsrd
There is a very much need to take a new perspective to gain a competitive advantage in this modern era of consistently increasing of competition. This has accommodated to implement quality management in RMG Ready made garment Sector. As it has much importance in maximizing the productivity and minimizing the cost of operation. But it requires spending huge cost expenses which doesn't guarantee a desired outcome. This study is taken up with the intention to evaluate the extent how cost spend on quality is advantageous to organization. To perform this study we have used some data analysis tools to analyze the collected data which were collected through survey method and discovered that evaluation of cost of poor quality will help to implement appropriate quality policy which minimize the cost and helps to reach the standard of the customer. Prof. Lakshminarayana. N | Kusuma. P ""Impact of Cost of Quality on Total Quality Management in Garment Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23857.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23857/impact-of-cost-of-quality-on-total-quality-management-in-garment-industry/prof-lakshminarayana-n
A STUDY ON EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM AMONG THE EMPLOYEES AT ARINGAR AN...IAEME Publication
Quality of product/services has become probably the most important element to keep the customers happy on a continuous basis customer’s needs and wants to keep changing. To keep pace with the changing demands of customer’s organizations have to develop a quality culture. Further, product/ service quality directly depends on the human resource quality in any organization. Large number of organization world over embrace TQM to become competitive in the ever changing business environment TQM efforts bring about changes not only in product and process quality but also in human quality.
Sample Report On Operation Management in Business By Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
Operation management is the most important section of business management. In this process, management of business formulates various strategies for the assessment and optimum allocation of different kinds of resources and functions to get the desired outcomes. For more information regarding Operation Management in Business read our complete sample.
The Role of Total Quality Management in Raising Service Quality of Libraries ...inventionjournals
The Stone Age did not end because there were no more stones but it ended because of continuous improvement (kaizen). If the Stone Age people could apply continuous improvement who are we to ignore it. Continuous improvement should be applied by everyone, organisations, nations and the world. Without continuous improvement, we become lagging behind and lose in this competitive improvement and lose our market share. There is therefore the need for libraries and information centres to adopt Total Quality Management (TQM) in order to ensure their importance as gateways for information. Failure to do this will result in them losing their competitive advantage in this world of information and knowledge economy. There is global information competition due to the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies and libraries and information professionals should run very first in order to stay in the same position. This paper defines quality and Total Quality Management. It explains the application and the role of Total Quality Management in libraries and Information centers to enhance service quality. The reasons for TQM failure are listed and solutions and recommendations given. This paper recommends quality culture in libraries and information centres
Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product q...이현수 Mohd Shukri Hajinoor
Agus, Arawati & Mohd Shukri Hajinoor. 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29 (1)
Lean Implementation in Indian Foundry Industries: A Quantitative SurveyRSIS International
The implementation of Lean and the deciding
parameters are elaborately studied by surveying the Indian
Foundry industry workers. The study conducted in the domain
of various demographical factors of age, firm size, education
background, gender and years of experience shows cluttering of
the data indicating the reasons, benefits and barriers of Lean
implementation in Indian sub-continent. 28 Foundry Industries
in the state of Karnataka are surveyed with a total of 204
workers providing the input for the intricate questionnaire
designed for them. The results indicate that the factors like
overall equipment effectiveness, plan-do-check-act, total
productive maintenance, bottleneck analysis, continuous flow
manufacturing, poka yoke, and standardized work are the most
effective categories of Lean. The same is also evident from the
standard deviation values obtained from chi-square distribution.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
Impact of Cost of Quality on Total Quality Management in Garment Industryijtsrd
There is a very much need to take a new perspective to gain a competitive advantage in this modern era of consistently increasing of competition. This has accommodated to implement quality management in RMG Ready made garment Sector. As it has much importance in maximizing the productivity and minimizing the cost of operation. But it requires spending huge cost expenses which doesn't guarantee a desired outcome. This study is taken up with the intention to evaluate the extent how cost spend on quality is advantageous to organization. To perform this study we have used some data analysis tools to analyze the collected data which were collected through survey method and discovered that evaluation of cost of poor quality will help to implement appropriate quality policy which minimize the cost and helps to reach the standard of the customer. Prof. Lakshminarayana. N | Kusuma. P ""Impact of Cost of Quality on Total Quality Management in Garment Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23857.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/23857/impact-of-cost-of-quality-on-total-quality-management-in-garment-industry/prof-lakshminarayana-n
A STUDY ON EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF TQM AMONG THE EMPLOYEES AT ARINGAR AN...IAEME Publication
Quality of product/services has become probably the most important element to keep the customers happy on a continuous basis customer’s needs and wants to keep changing. To keep pace with the changing demands of customer’s organizations have to develop a quality culture. Further, product/ service quality directly depends on the human resource quality in any organization. Large number of organization world over embrace TQM to become competitive in the ever changing business environment TQM efforts bring about changes not only in product and process quality but also in human quality.
Sample Report On Operation Management in Business By Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
Operation management is the most important section of business management. In this process, management of business formulates various strategies for the assessment and optimum allocation of different kinds of resources and functions to get the desired outcomes. For more information regarding Operation Management in Business read our complete sample.
The Role of Total Quality Management in Raising Service Quality of Libraries ...inventionjournals
The Stone Age did not end because there were no more stones but it ended because of continuous improvement (kaizen). If the Stone Age people could apply continuous improvement who are we to ignore it. Continuous improvement should be applied by everyone, organisations, nations and the world. Without continuous improvement, we become lagging behind and lose in this competitive improvement and lose our market share. There is therefore the need for libraries and information centres to adopt Total Quality Management (TQM) in order to ensure their importance as gateways for information. Failure to do this will result in them losing their competitive advantage in this world of information and knowledge economy. There is global information competition due to the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies and libraries and information professionals should run very first in order to stay in the same position. This paper defines quality and Total Quality Management. It explains the application and the role of Total Quality Management in libraries and Information centers to enhance service quality. The reasons for TQM failure are listed and solutions and recommendations given. This paper recommends quality culture in libraries and information centres
Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product q...이현수 Mohd Shukri Hajinoor
Agus, Arawati & Mohd Shukri Hajinoor. 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 29 (1)
Lean Implementation in Indian Foundry Industries: A Quantitative SurveyRSIS International
The implementation of Lean and the deciding
parameters are elaborately studied by surveying the Indian
Foundry industry workers. The study conducted in the domain
of various demographical factors of age, firm size, education
background, gender and years of experience shows cluttering of
the data indicating the reasons, benefits and barriers of Lean
implementation in Indian sub-continent. 28 Foundry Industries
in the state of Karnataka are surveyed with a total of 204
workers providing the input for the intricate questionnaire
designed for them. The results indicate that the factors like
overall equipment effectiveness, plan-do-check-act, total
productive maintenance, bottleneck analysis, continuous flow
manufacturing, poka yoke, and standardized work are the most
effective categories of Lean. The same is also evident from the
standard deviation values obtained from chi-square distribution.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Deals in detail about total quality management (TQM) in all aspects of industries to be followed for optimum quality production and human resource management.
A Study on TQM Development, Performance and Sustenance in Service Industries ...iosrjce
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy which focuses on customer
satisfaction by improving the organisation performance through co-ordination of various processes in all the
business units. The purpose of TQM is to provide quality product or service to the customer which inturn
provides increased productivity at low cost. TQM is applicable to all manufacturing and service industries. It
operates on the principle that cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction. This study focuses on TQM
development, performance and sustenance in service industries through effective communication, critical
success factors and market orientation. It examines the quality improvement through effective employee
communication and the relationship between CSFs and company performance. The study suggests Deming’s
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle based approach to develop and sustain TQM. It articulates the relationship
between TQM and market orientation, in terms of both elements (practices) and performance. The study
investigates the reasons for TQM failures and proposes guidelines for successful implementation of TQM.
A State-Of-Art Review Of Total Quality Management Application In Service Sectorinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Preparation of QMS Manual and its Implementation - A Case StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
ISO standards of 9000 family assist in designing
and implementing quality management system in an
organization. QMS increases the efficiency and
effectiveness of organization's ability to meet customer,
statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the
product and the organizations own requirements. It also
helps in systematic planning, organizing, monitoring and
verifying of the process thus reducing needless capital,
increasing productivity, ensuring quality in process &
product.
In this thesis a quality management system
manual and the necessary formats are prepared for a
company which is not ISO certified, taking them a step
closer to certification process. The manual is prepared as
per the requirement of ISO 9001.2008 standard and the
company’s scope. ISO 9001.2008 and ISO 9000.2005
standards were referred for the preparation of the manual,
where ISO 9000 states the fundamentals and vocabulary of
QMS and ISO 9001 states the requirements in quality
management system. ISO 9001 is the only certifying
standard in ISO 9000 family. These standard guides the
organization in implementing, maintaining, monitoring,
improving QMS to meet the customer, statutory &
regulatory requirements. Via visiting the organization,
understanding the organizations scope of work, process
and procedures adopted in the firm, collecting the required
documents & data and integrating these process,
procedures and formats a Quality manual is prepared. By
implementing the manual, adopting the procedures and
documenting the process and progress the performance of
the organization can be improved. If interested the
organization can go ahead with certification process after
fully implementing ISO process.
Project Report
On
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
By
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Prof. KAPIL DEV PRASAD
Department of Production Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA, RACHI
2014
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Perceptions of smes (manufacturing firms) towards the key elements of tqm
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 540
PERCEPTIONS OF SMES (MANUFACTURING FIRMS) TOWARDS THE
KEY ELEMENTS OF TQM
Yogesh A.Chauhan1
, P.M.George2
, H.J.Jani3
1
Associate Professor, Mechatronics Department, G.H.Patel College of Engg & Tech., Gujarat, India
2
Associate Professor, Mechanical Department, Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat, India
3
Provost, C.U.Shah University Gujarat, India
Abstract
Total Quality Management is a widely used approach for various reasons. In addition to the ISO 9001 certification TQM is
considered to be the next step towards the journey of zero defects The race of quality management is initiated by the large scale
companies with professional approach and with the available funds and infrastructure to meet with the challenges of present
competitive environment. However the SMEs also in order to grab the opportunities prevailing and to increase the life span of their
organizations are joining the band wagon of Quality as a strategy. There are several key elements of TQM. The awareness about
these different elements of TQM is however a question mark. This research paper is indicating with a survey of a small sample of
SMEs about the level of awareness and the importance they feel about the elements of TQM. It was observed that very few SMEs were
inclined to go beyond ISO9001. However those SMEs which were following TQM principles were more or less aware about the
prompted key elements. Further it was found that there is maximum awareness about the continuous improvement. Process
management, House Keeping and Quality chain (Customer – Supplier relationship) are also considered to be important ones for the
success of TQM implementation. These were followed by Team working & Synergy, Employee Empowerment, Bench Marking,
Creativity & Innovation. Kaizen seems to be the element which SMEs are not much aware about.
Keywords: TQM, ISO9001, SMEs, Process Management, Quality Chain, Synergy, Bench Marking
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Small and Medium Scale Enterprises play a major role in the
development of a country. They have their own products to
manufacture which they sell in the market. In addition to this
the large scale companies are also dependent heavily on small
enterprises to get the components required for assembly of the
products they manufacture. SMEs are also getting sub
contracts from large scale companies to carry out partial
manufacturing activities to avail economic benefit. Looking to
the present scenario of SMEs, their contribution towards
country‟s economy and the opportunities and challenges they
have, there is a need to address the issue of quality
management. Following tools like ISO 9000 and TQM
certainly help them to stand out from the bunch of similar
organizations. Also many a times the OEMs are pressurizing
the SMEs to go for ISO certification, so as to get an assurance
that they will follow systematic procedure to execute their
orders and provide quality products. The SMEs, therefore,
have rapidly followed the suite and have started getting ISO
9001 certification and many of them have also moved a step
forward by following TQM principles. However there is still a
less popularity of TQM when it is compared with ISO 9001
certification, particularly in SMEs.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Shivakumar B. Burli et al. [1] in their research paper with the
help of a survey of ISO & Non ISO manufacturing firms of
Karnataka & Maharashtra concluded that „SMEs act as a vital
component of growing economy by contributing significantly
for the development of economy by creating employment for
both urban and rural workforce and by providing much needed
flexibility and innovation in the economy as a whole. If TQM
policies and practices are applied in a positive manner in
manufacturing SMEs, it will significantly contribute in their
performance in terms of quality and customer satisfaction. ISO
has been adapted in many SMEs but certain TQM practices
observed to be weak and hence, need management attention.
The study brought out that the manufacturing SME‟s must
accept, and practice TQM practices to enhance performance
and customer satisfaction.
Lee and Kelce, (2003) [2] investigated the existing status of
TQM practices in 112 SMEs (manufacturing firms) of China
and its impact on their performance. It was found that
manufacturing process of these small firms was not an
obstacle to the implementation of TQM; instead it was the size
of firm, which posed as a threat for implementation. Research
showed that majority of the firms were new to TQM practices
and that it was initiated by their top management. A positive
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influence of TQM was observed on performance as waste,
inventory and costs was reduced, and an increase in sales was
observed. In the same manner, performance of SMEs was
observed in (Malaysia by Sohail and Hoong, 2003 [3]; in India
by Mahadevappa et al., 2004 [4]; in Portugal by Sousa et al.,
2005 [5]; in Spain by Bou and Beltrain, 2005 [6]; and in
Turkey by Demirbag and Zaim, 2006 [7]) .
Faisal Talib et.al (2010) [8] in their review of literature stated
that, there are many definitions of TQM. Youssef et al.
(1996)[9], defined TQM as: “An overall philosophy whose
objectives is to meet or exceed the needs of the internal and
the external customer by creating an organizational culture in
which everyone at every stage of creating the product as well
as every level of management is committed to quality and
clearly understands its strategic importance”.
Demirbag et al. (2006) [7] on the other hand, defined TQM as:
“A holistic management philosophy aimed at continuous
improvement in all functions of an organization to deliver
services in line with customer‟s needs or requirements under
the leadership of top-management”.
Christofi et al. (2008) [10] defined TQM as: “A supply-chain-
wide quality commitment-from the supplier, to the producer,
to the consumer-of an organization, in order to achieve
excellence in production and service management”.
Further old researches also state that, Higher quality products,
improved business performance, customer satisfaction,
improved people, improved policy deployment, development
of quality culture and improved training were the main
benefits achieved by introducing TQM in SMEs (Ahire et al.,
1996 [11]; Deming, 1986[12]; Luzan, 1993)[13].
3. TQM: (Total Quality Management)
According to British Standard BS 7850, TQM is defined as,
“Management philosophy and company practices that aim to
harness the human and material resources of an organization
in the most effective way to achieve the objectives of the
organization.” [14] Sustained implementation of TQM can
result in benefits such as improvement in quality of products
and services, productivity, reliability, market share, revenue,
profits which will lead to overall growth of an organization.
[15]
3.1 Elements of TQM
Implementation of TQM principles surely requires basic
knowledge and understanding about its key elements. The key
elements of TQM are:
3.1.1 Quality Chain
Quality chain is an element which describes the „customer
supplier relationship‟ both within and outside the organization.
TQM philosophy is driven by customer satisfaction whether
they are external customers or internal ones. This works on
the philosophy that if all the internal customers are satisfied,
the external customer is bound to be satisfied.
3.1.2 Process Management
The main aim of Process management is to understand the
processes that are involved in meeting the requirements of
customers so that they can be managed to ensure the need of
the customers are met consistently.
3.1.3 Continuous Improvement
TQM environment requires that processes are to be
continuously monitored, reviewed and improved. TQM aims
at continuous improvement
3.1.4 Employee Empowerment
Top management leadership and employee empowerment
are considered two of the most important principles of total
quality management (TQM) because of their assumed
relationship with customer satisfaction. TQM philosophy is
allowing employees to be self sufficient and also gives them
the opportunities and freedom to take decisions on their own.
3.1.5 Team Working & Synergy
TQM is about bringing change in the overall culture of an
organization. Unless all the members of the organization work
in a team it is not possible to follow it. Hence team working is
a very important element. It is a very well known fact that a
cohesive team will bring synergistic effect in favour of an
organization.
3.1.6 Creativity & Innovation
TQM allows a culture of finding out new ways of doing things
and it also encourages innovative ideas. These will certainly
improve the overall working of the company and can fetch
better results in terms of better output with lesser inputs.
3.1.7 Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the process of comparing one's business
processes to industry bests. Dimensions typically measured
are quality, time and cost. In the process of benchmarking,
management identifies the best firms in their industry, or in
another industry where similar processes exist, and compare
the results and processes of those studied (the "targets") to
one's own results and processes. In this way, they learn how
well the targets perform and, more importantly, the business
processes that explain why these firms are successful.
3.1.8 Housekeeping
Good housekeeping means cleanliness, tidiness and a proper
place for everything and & everything in its place. Good
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housekeeping in an organization will make workplace clean,
better organized, and safer.
3.1.9 Kaizen
The word Kaizen means "continuous improvement". It comes
from the Japanese words ("kai") which means "change" or "to
correct" and ("zen") which means "good". Kaizen is based on
making little changes on a regular basis: always improving
productivity, safety and effectiveness while reducing waste.
4. METHODOLOGY
A sample of 20 Small and Medium Scale in the sector of
manufacturing were taken in to the sample. It was purely a
convenience based sampling. In fact out of a total sample of
182 respondent firms in the required category of SMEs it was
a tough task to find companies which are TQM followers. The
survey was done with the help of the prescribed questionnaire
which had several sections. One section out of which was
dedicated to TQM related questions. The respondents were
given with a list of key elements and they were to give their
response according to the extent or degree of importance of
the elements in their organization. Informal discussions were
also held with the respondents regarding the same. However
the informal views are not taken in to the consideration.
5. FINDINGS
Following charts and little description written below each of
the charts give a fair idea about the status of awareness and
level of importance they attach with their firms of various key
elements of TQM.[16]
5.1 Quality Chain
Chart -1: Responses on Quality Chain
From the chart above it is very clearly evident that Quality
chain is considered to be of high importance by 55% of the
respondents and 44% of them considered this to be of
moderate importance. None of them were ignorant about it.
This means the organizations were following the customer
supplier relationship and clear idea about the concept of
internal customer.
5.2 Process Management
Chart -2: Responses on Process Management
Process management as an element of TQM is regarded as v
highly important by 55% of the respondents as can be
concluded from the above chart. 20% of the respondents felt
that it was very highly important whereas 15% felt that it was
moderately important. Only 10% of the respondents attached
low importance to this element of TQM.
5.3 Continuous Improvement
Chart -3: Responses on Continuous Improvement
A very high percentage (35%) of the respondents indicated
that for them continuous improvement is of very high
importance. The chart also makes it clear that 50% of the
respondents felt that continuous improvement is a highly
important element of the TQM. Whereas the rest 15% of the
respondents felt that it was moderately important. None of
them have said that it is having no importance in their
organization.
44%55%
1%
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
10%
15%
55%
20% LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
15%
50%
35%
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
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5.4 Employee Empowerment
Chart-4: Reponses on Employee Empowerment
As can be seen from the chart, a total of 55% of the
respondent attached very high to high importance to the
employee empowerment. 35% of the respondents felt that it
was moderately important.
5.5 Team working and Synergy
Chart -5: Responses on Team working and Synergy
The chart depicts that a total of 65% of the respondents felt
that team working and synergy is a highly important element
of TQM. 25% of them felt that it was moderately important
whereas only 10% felt that it was not important.
5.6 Creativity and Innovation
Chart -6: Responses on Creativity and Innovation
Creativity and innovation is considered highly important
element by 40% of the respondents as can be seen from the
above chart, while 15% considered it very highly important.
30% of the respondents felt that it was moderately important
while only 10% felt that it was not much important.
5.7 Benchmarking
Chart-7: Responses on Benchmarking
The above chart indicates that 85% of the firms following
TQM are considering the importance of „Benchmarking‟ as
moderate to very high. Very less number of firms (15%)
considered this element of low importance. None of them felt
that it is not important.
5.8 Housekeeping
Chart-8: Responses on Housekeeping
The chart above depicts the fact that 30% of the firms
considered Housekeeping as a very highly important element
of TQM. A total of 60% of them attached to it as moderate to
high importance. Only 10% respondents considered this
element of low importance. However it was found that
awareness was certainly there about Housekeeping and its
advantages to the organization.
10%
35%
45%
10%
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
10%
25%
45%
20%
NOT
IMPORTANT
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
5% 10%
30%
40%
15%
NOT
IMPORTANT
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
15%
35%40%
10% LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
10%
40%
20%
30% LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
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5.9 Kaizen
Chart-9: Responses on Kaizen
It is worth nothing that 15% of the respondents did not
consider Karizen as an important element of TQM. However
65% of the respondents gave Kaizen moderate to high
importance.
6. CONCLUSIONS
It may be concluded that very few SMEs are following TQM
in addition to getting ISO9001 certification. Majority of the
respondents were quite aware about the various key elements
of TQM. However their opinions were different regarding the
importance of these elements for their companies. Following
table indicates the descriptive statistics of various elements of
TQM. [16]
Table -1: Descriptive Statistics - Ranking of TQM elements
[16]
TQM
Element
N Minimum Maximum Mean
Std.
Deviation
Continuous
Improvement
20 3 5 4.20 0.696
Process
management
20 2 5 3.85 0.875
Housekeeping 20 2 5 3.70 1.031
Quality
chain(concept
of internal and
external
customer)
20 3 5 3.70 0.657
Team working
and synergy
20 0 5 3.55 1.395
Employee
empowerment
20 2 5 3.55 0.826
Benchmarking 20 2 5 3.45 0.887
Creativity and
innovation
20 0 5 3.45 1.191
Kaizen 20 0 5 2.80 1.508
It can be seen that the most important element in the opinion
of the companies is „Continuous Improvement‟. From the
table the ranking of the other key elements can also be seen
very clearly. The other key elements in the descending order
are Process management, Housekeeping, Quality Chain, Team
working & Synergy, Employee Empowerment,
Benchmarking, Creativity & Innovation and Kaizen. In fact it
is observed that there is less awareness about „Kaizen‟
amongst the SMEs.
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15%
5%
10%
30%
35%
5% NOT
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VERY LOW
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MODERATE
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