medical terminology by Yosra Raziani session 7 cardiovascular system

1. Cardiovascular system
Medical terminology
Session 7
Yosra razyani

2. Objectives:
• After this session you should be able to:
1. Name different part of cardiovascular system
2. Name medical terms related to blood disorders
3. Define medical terms related to cardiovascular system disorder
4. Define medical terms related to cardiovascular specialties

4. Heart
RELATED COMBINING FORMS:
card/o, cardi/o
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS :
Pumps blood into the arteries

5. blood
RELATED COMBINING FORMS:
hem/o, hemat/o
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS :
Brings oxygen and nutrients to
the cells and carries away waste.

6. Blood Vessels
angi/o, vas/o
Arteries arteri/o
Transport blood away from the heart
Capillaries /capillo
Permit the exchange of nutrients and waste
products
Veins phleb/o, ven/o
Return blood from all body parts to the heart.
Sinusoids sinusoid/o
Deliver blood from larger arteries to veins

7. • A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating
abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart
• A hematologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and
treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood
forming tissues
MEDICAL SPECIALTIES RELATED TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

8. PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Congenital Heart Defects are structural abnormalities caused by the
failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

9. Coronary Artery Disease
•Coronary Artery Disease is
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
that reduces the blood supply to the
heart muscle. This creates an
insufficient supply of oxygen that can
cause angina (pain), a myocardial
infarction (heart attack), or death.
Coronary artery : the blood vessels
which transports oxygenated blood to
the substance of the heart.

10. Atherosclerosis is hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a
build up of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
An atheroma, which is a characteristic of atherosclerosis, is a deposit of
plaque on or within the arterial wall

11. Ischemic Heart Disease
• a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of
oxygenated blood to the heart. These diseases are usually associated
with coronary artery disease.
• Ischemic means pertaining to the disruption of the blood supply.

12. IHD
• Ischemia is a condition in which there is an insufficient oxygen supply due
to a restricted blood flow by to a part of the body
• (isch means to hold back (stop), and ‐emia means blood).
• Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a condition of episodes of severe
chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.
• Myocardial Infarction, also known as a heart attack, is the occlusion
of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque build up.
• Infarction means a sudden insufficiency of blood. An infarct is a localized
area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood.

13. • Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to
pump out all of the blood that it receives.
• Cardiomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of the heart

14. Inflammatory disorders of heart
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Endocarditis
Carditis

15. HEART RATE
• Bradycardia is an abnormally slow resting heart rate .This term is
usually applied to rates less than 60 beats per minute.
• Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid resting heart rate .This term is
usually applied to rates greater than 100 beats per minute.

16. Blood Disorders
• Blood is the fluid tissue in the body. It is composed of 55% liquid
plasma and 45% formed elements which are erythrocytes, leukocytes
and thrombocytes.
• Blood dyscrasia is any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of
the blood .

17. Blood Disorders
• Hemochromatosis, also known as iron overload disease, is a genetic disorder in
which the intestines absorb too much iron .
• Septicemia, formerly known as blood poisoning, is a systemic condition caused
by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood.

18. • Polycythemia is an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood
due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow.
• Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is an abnormally small number
of platelets circulating in the blood
• leukopenia describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in
the circulating blood is less than normal
• Thrombocytosis is an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the
circulating blood
• Leukemia is a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the
number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, other organs,
and in the circulating blood
• Anemia is a lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood .

20. Blood Vessels disorders
• Angiitis ,also known as vasculitis, is the inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel .
• Angiostenosis is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel .
• A hemangioma is a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels .
• Polyarteritis ,also known as polyarteritis nodosa, is a form of angiitis involving
several medium and small arteries at the same time

21. • An aneurysm is a localized weak spot, or balloon‐like enlargement, of the wall
of an artery.
• Arteriosclerosis ,also known as hardening of the arteries, is any of a group of
diseases characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls
• Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein
• Varicose veins are abnormally swollen veins. Varicose veins occur when the
valves in the veins malfunction and allow blood to pool in these veins, causing
them to enlarge.

22. Diagnostic procedure of cardiovascular system
• Duplex ultrasound is a diagnostic procedure to image the structures
of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels. This
is a combination of diagnostic ultrasound to shows the structure of
the blood vessels and Doppler ultrasound to show the movement of
the red blood cells through these vessels.

23. Diagnostic procedure of cardiovascular system
• Phlebography ,also known as venography, is a radiographic test that
provides an image of the leg veins after a contrast dye is injected into
a vein in the patient’s foot .The resulting film is a phlebogram.

24. • An aneurysmectomy is the surgical removal of an aneurysm
• An aneurysmorrhaphy ,also known as aneurysmoplasty, is the surgical
suturing of an aneurysm .
• An arteriectomy is the surgical removal of part of an artery .
• Hemostasis means to stop or control bleeding (hem/o means blood,
and ‐stasis means stopping or controlling). This could be
accomplished by the formation of a blood clot by the body or through
the external application of pressure to block the flow of blood.

26. MAJOR STRUCTURES RELATED COMBINING FORMS PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
Lymph lymph/o
The fluid that removes cellular waste
products, pathogens, and dead blood
cells from the tissues.
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
lymphangi/o Returns lymph from the tissue to the
circulatory system.
Lymph Nodes
lymphaden/o Filter pathogens and harmful
substances from the lymph.
Tonsils and Adenoids tonsill/o, adenoid/o
Protect the entry into the respiratory
system.
Bone Marrow myel/o
Produces blood cells .This word part
also refers to the spinal cord.

27. MAJOR STRUCTURES RELATED COMBINING FORMS PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
Spleen splen/o
Filters foreign materials from the
blood. Destroys worn‐out blood cells,
releases hemoglobin, acts as a blood
reservoir, and stores platelets.
Lymphocytes lymphocyt/o
The specialized white blood cells that
play an important role in immune
reactions.
Thymus thym/o
Secretes the endocrine thymosin that
aids in the maturation of T
lymphocytes for use by the immune
system.
Immune System immun/o
Defends the body against harmful
substances, such as pathogenic
microorganisms, allergens, toxins,
and malignant cells.

28. Pathology of the Lymphatic System
• Lymphadenitis ,also known as swollen glands, is an inflammation of the
lymph nodes .The terms lymph nodes and lymph glands are sometimes
used interchangeably. Swelling of the lymph nodes is frequently an
indication of the presence of an infection.
• Lymphadenopathy is any disease process affecting a lymph node or
nodes .
• A lymphangioma is a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of
lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic
system .

29. Pathology of the Lymphatic System
• Splenomegaly is an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
• Splenorrhagia is bleeding from the spleen
• Lymphedema is swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph
fluid within the tissues