This document discusses the differences between adjective clauses and adjective phrases, providing examples of how to reduce adjective clauses into shorter adjective phrases. It explains the rules for making this reduction, such as only reducing clauses that use subject pronouns and those with progressive verbs, prepositional phrases, or passive voice. Examples are given demonstrating how to properly change adjective clauses into concise adjective phrases.

1. ADJECTIVE PART 4
MCENROE NG

2. CONGRATS ON MAKING TO THE LAST PART OF
ADJECTIVE SLIDES!
• Stay on! Learn well and practice! We will both learn well together! Feel free to pm
me any question! We can discuss together!

3. REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSE : SHORTER
SENTENCES
Adjective clause Adjective phrase
Longer Shorter
Has pronoun
Who/which/that
No pronoun
Complete verb Verb form is changed

4. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE VS ADJECTIVE PHRASE
• Clause: The boy who is playing in the rain is my brother.
• Phase: The boy playing in the rain in my brother.

5. RULES TO MAKE ADJECTIVE PHRASES
1. can only reduce adjective clauses that use adjective clause subject pronouns. It
doesn't work with object pronouns
Example:
i. my friend who is staying in Hong Kong is coming to visit – subject
ii. My friend who I met in Hong Kong is coming to visit– with adjective clauses.
(object pronoun) = cannot be reduce

6. RULES TO MAKE ADJECTIVE PHRASES
2. Check the verb situation of the adjective clause
If the verb is
i. Progressive tense (be + verb- ing)
ii. With prepositional phrase ( in, at, on, etc)
iii. Passive voice ( be + past participle)

7. ADJECTIVE PHRASES EXAMPLE
1. the girl who is sitting opposite him is the girl I love.
who is sitting- present progressive
2. The man who is on the left is the guy she likes.
who is on the left- “on” is a preposition
3. The jacket which is worn by Charon is pretty nice.
which is worn- passive verb
4. The heart that was stabbed by her words was the last straw that broke the relationship
that was stabbed by her words- passive verb

8. ADJECTIVE PHRASES EXAMPLE
1. The girl who is sitting opposite him is the girl I love.
The girl sitting opposite to him is the girl I love.
2. The man who is on the left is the guy she likes.
The man on the left is the guy she likes
3. The jacket which is worn by Charon is nice.
The jacket worn by Charon is nice.
4. The heart that was stabbed by her words was the last straw that broke the relationship
The heart stabbed by her words was the last straw that broke the relationship

9. ADJECTIVE PHRASES EXAMPLE
• I like knowing people who aren’t hypocrite when speaking to people.
This actually means: I like knowing people who are not hypocrite when speaking to
people.
- : I like talking to people not hypocrite when speaking to people.

10. WHEN THERE ARE NO BE VERB
• People who speak freely are generally more sincere.
- Simple present tense
- Cut the who/which/that and add -ing
a. People speaking freely are generally more sincere.

11. APPOSITIVES
• NTU, which is a university in Singapore, is famous for its chemistry and biology programs.
• The content between the commas are just additional information
- NTU, a university in Singapore, is famous for its chemistry and biology programs.
Main subject ,
Adjective
clause pronoun
“be” veb Noun phrase ,
Appositives

12. APPOSITIVES – REDUCE PHRASES
• Mcenroe Ng, who is a student of the 20th centry, cares about the education of the current
generation students in the whole world.
• The content between the commas are just additional information
• - Mcenroe Ng, a student of the 20th century, cares about the education of the current
generation students in the whole world.
Main subject ,
Adjective
clause pronoun
“be” veb Noun phrase ,
Appositives

13. APPOSITIVES
• Chronicle of MCE, which was a story by Mcenroe, was a story about the glory of the future
generation!
• The content between the commas are just additional information
• Chronicle of MCE, a story by Mcenroe, was a story about the glory of the future
generation!
Main subject ,
Adjective
clause pronoun
“be” veb Noun phrase ,
Appositives

14. TIMES WHEN COMMAS ARE NOT NEED
• The lady who is wearing blue is the girl I like.
- The lady- not specific- so no comma is needed
• The Japanese café which is beside the train station is very famous for its coffee.
-The Japanese café- not specific- no need comma
* Remember, when commas are added that means the adjective clause is just additional
information. *

15. REFERENCE
• University of California, Irvine
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