Additive manufacturing is currently at a rapid growth stage. New processes and technologies are being created, the old ones are being optimized. There are already many companies in the market that produce various 3D printers, develop software and print parts. Some perceive additive technologies as technologies to create new types of machine-tools, others as independent technologies. But the commercial success of additive technologies has already caused discussion of different approaches. We're talking about the type of architecture. It's a closed and open architecture of devices for additive technologies. Does it make sense to use open architecture in this sphere of technology?

2. Additive manufacturing is currently at a rapid growth stage. New
processes and technologies are being created, the old ones are being
optimized.
There are already many companies in the market that produce various
printers, develop software and print parts.
Some perceive additive technologies as technologies to create new
of machine-tools, others as independent technologies.
But the commercial success of additive technologies has already caused
discussion of different approaches. We're talking about the type of
architecture. It's a closed and open architecture of devices for additive
technologies.
Does it make sense to use open architecture in this sphere of
technology?

3. Why did the question of open architecture come up? Why is a closed
architecture used?
Most machine shops and production facilities traditionally use ready-
made materials or workpieces when working with metal. The situation is
similar in metal casting. The processes themselves have long been
and predictable.
But this is not the situation with additive technologies. Very much
depends on the quality of the powder used. The detail as a whole arises
the printing process. Process conditions, printing strategy, the model
used, and much more highly affect the result.
Certainly, users of 3D printers are not interested in losses of time for the
development of process and a choice of conditions, a choice of
In areas demanding high quality and repeatability, especially in the
aerospace industry, ready-to-use details and many processes should
strictly meet numerous standards and requirements.
As a result, closed architecture, where strictly defined materials are used
and printing processes are strictly defined, is the most advantageous for
users.

4. Then why open architecture?
Additive production is very different from traditional types of material
processing.
In addition to the possibility of making previously inaccessible forms, with
the help of additive technologies, it is possible to work with materials,
create internal structures, integrate these technologies into production
processes.
Additive technologies make it possible to use different materials. For
metals, it is working with different alloys, mixtures of different alloys.
Management of printing processes allows managing the properties of
final products.
When creating internal structures it is possible not only to work with the
geometry of the product but also to place other structures, such as
sensors and complete devices in the parts.
The ready-made machine tool is difficult to integrate with many
processes. When printing, each layer can be processed in additional
selectively, and divided into separate stages.

5. Then why open architecture?
Additive production is very different from traditional types of material
processing.
Closed architecture Open architecture
Materials Work with a narrow range of metals and alloys. Often
only materials from certain manufacturers can be
There are no limits on the use of materials. It is
possible to work with almost any suitable
materials. There is no limitation on the
manufacturer of materials. It is possible to mix
different materials
Printing Processes The printing process is determined by the 3D printer
manufacturer. A limited set of parameters. It is not
possible to include additional devices (e.g.
heating/cooling). Process control sensors are usually
preset
It can be determined by the printer
The parameters can be varied over a wider
Additional devices can be built into the printers.
Various process control sensors can be used
Printing strategies Use of printing strategies depends on pre-installed
software
Printing strategies can be developed
independently or with the participation of third
parties, including printer manufacturers
Integration into process chains No. The 3D printer is used as a stand-alone machine
tool
It is possible to carry out the necessary R&D for
inclusion in production processes
Additional processes No. The 3D printer is used as a stand-alone machine
tool
It is possible to carry out the necessary R&D to
use additional processes

6. Do closed and open architecture compete?
There is no competition between closed and open architecture.
If there is already a proven printing process, all the necessary stages and
certification procedures have been passed, there is continuous
production, the closed architecture is most beneficial to users.
Open architecture is needed in the following cases:
• No proven process for working with individual materials and
technologies;
• Production gets very different tasks and different approaches are
needed;
• New processes need to be developed;
• Integration with other production processes is necessary.
Different approaches to the architecture of 3D printers complement each
other. Printers with open architecture allow you to develop new
that can become the base printer with closed architecture. And working
with closed architecture defines its boundaries and gives an
understanding of where and how to use open architecture.

7. What else restricts the movement of additive production?
Additive technologies, like any new technology, have an entry threshold
for the industry.
It's a new field and you have to learn to work with it. This includes
knowledge about how to create a model of a part, how to choose
materials, how to optimize the process of making a part, and much
Closed architecture is simpler in this aspect. Manufacturers actually put
the necessary knowledge into a closed architecture, and users often only
need to follow guidelines.
When using open architecture, users must either study additive
manufacturing or contact third parties to develop processes.
But in any case, when using additive technologies, training takes place
the entry threshold is reduced.

8. What do we offer?
We are engaged in the development of technologies of the printing by
metals and other materials, we develop and we make 3D printers.
We offer services and equipment for work with new materials and
technologies.
That could include:
• Development of printing by new materials. For example, it may be
different alloys;
• Optimizing printing parameters. For example, optimization of laser
operation modes, preheating and cooling, printing strategies;
• Development of technologies for working with high refractory or
highly reflective materials;
• Integration of 3D printing technologies into production processes.
example, when besides the fusion of powders it is necessary to
additional kinds of processing
As manufacturers and developers, we can work in both closed and open
architecture formats.

9. How can work with open architecture happen?
Some typical work scenarios. There could be more.
We discuss the tasks that additive
technologies in your organization
should solve
Our company develops the necessary
process and 3D printer for this process
We supply the 3D printer to your
organization
We provide the necessary support on
the use of the put functionality or
development of new processes
We agree on a process that should
include additive technologies
Our company develops the necessary
process and equipment for this
We integrate the developed
equipment into your technological
process
We provide the necessary support to
maintain the performance of the
equipment
We coordinate the required 3D printer
configuration.
Our company develops the necessary
3D printer
We supply the 3D printer to your
organization
We provide the necessary support in
the development and maintenance of
processes.
1 2 3

10. Who's this for?
You're a manufacturing company. You already have 3D printers on which
you produce parts.
But what do you do if you need to work on a new process or new
materials? And the already installed printers have closed architecture or
work only with powder strictly from a defined supplier?
On our printer and with our support you will be able to practice this
process and order printers that are optimized for the new process.
On the same printer you can test new models.
You're a machine shop. You are already using 3D printers or plan to buy
them.
Is additive technology new for you?
We will do the necessary part to practice the technology. On our printers
and with our help you can learn to work with such technologies. Choose
the right materials and modes of operation for you.
Besides, if you have your ideas for 3D printing - we will be able to
implement them.

11. Who's this for?
You're a university. You have non-standard challenges, you carry out the
development yourself, teach students, create details for scientific
purposes.
Do you need open architecture?
We offer a support service for our printers. It's possible to make
use different materials, carry out experiments, and much more.
This is especially important when developing new materials, software
(reality testing), training engineers, and material scientists.
Do you make medical implants? You always have non-standard tasks.
Although you are restricted in your choice of materials, you must
develop new designs.
In this area, it is possible to develop solutions to integrate printing
technologies by metals, polymers, ceramics. Integration with bioprinters.
Personalized medicine also requires personalized approaches to
technology.

12. What does our company do?
We develop 3D printing technologies by metals and other materials. We
make and we sell 3D printers.
The main specialization is additive technologies using metals:
• Selective melting and sintering of powders;
• Powder deposition;
• Welding of wire;
• Technologies based on powders and wires
Also, we are now forming the necessary chains to develop technologies
for working with magnetic materials, ceramics (HTS).
This is the development of processes using additive technologies.
Integration of additive processes into production lines.
It includes development:
• Process conditions. For example, the development of heating and
cooling technologies after melting and sintering, controlled cooling,
process atmosphere;
• Technologies for work with different materials. For example,
optimization of work with different alloys, etc.;
• Optimization of individual processes. For example, improving the
optics to support the melting of powders
And even more
Also, we offer the development of technologies in
additive manufacturing.
These are technologies:
• Magnetic materials. Technologies required for
electric motors, generators, etc.;
• Functional gradient materials. Classic
technologies do not allow to realize the full
potential of such materials;
• Superconductors. The creation of products from
superconducting materials is a challenge for
classical technologies;
• Embedded sensors. The potential of Built-in
Sensor Technology is not fully realized in existing
technologies
And many other things...

13. What materials can we work with now?
Now we work with various metals and alloys.
We can list them:
• Steels;
• Titanium;
• Copper;
• Aluminum;
• Magnesium;
• Chromium;
• Nickel;
• Heat-resistant alloys based on tungsten, rhenium, etc.;
• Magnetic cast alloys
For materials in the list, it means both works with pure metals (where it
makes sense) and with their alloys.
It is possible to develop processes for working with other metals and
alloys.

14. In which areas does open architecture apply?
We offer our services and equipment to various organizations and
companies.
These can be manufacturing companies, machine shops, universities.
Main directions:
• Aerospace;
• Marine technology;
• Energy industry;
• Automotive industry;
• Biomedical;
• Chemical engineering;
• Oil and gas industry;
• Food engineering and agriculture;
• Sport;
• Nuclear power industry;
• Railway engineering;
• Infrastructure;
• Tools making and robotization;
• Expensive materials;
• Design;
• Science;
• Superconductors and other

15. Privacy policy
Privacy policy
The development of new products and technologies is costly. Preserving
investment in R&D requires compliance with the policy of non-disclosure
of information about it.
This may be a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) or a reasonable
disclosure of information to engage third parties for work without the
formalizing agreements.
About us
About us
Our development team has been developing equipment for over 10
years. It is a group of companies, each of which specializes in its own
areas of development in different areas of technology.
We have created the necessary technological chains to carry out the
processes of equipment development, production, and market launch of
products.

16. Team
Stanislav Kozin
CEO
Maxim Burmistrov
Chief product designer
Dmitry Grachev
CTO
Sergey Popov
Software & firmware developer
Alexander Detkin
Engineering technologist
Ilya Vlaskin
Designer engineer
Alexey Mityuryaev
Engineering technologist

17. Contact us:
Fine Systems Technologies
Vladislav Troshin (CEO)
troshin@fine-systems.tech
www.fine-systems.tech
AddSol
Dmitriy Grachev (CTO)
info@addsol.tech
www.addsol.tech