The document describes the structure of DNA and RNA molecules at the nucleotide level. It shows the phosphate backbone and sugar-phosphate groups that make up the structure, with nitrogenous bases bonding between strands in the DNA double helix or within RNA. Various DNA and RNA sequences are displayed.

2. A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A
G C
T A
5`
5`
3`
3`

4. O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O OH
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
N
N
N
N
N
H
H
N
H3
C
N
O
O
H
P
O-
OO
O
H2
C
O
OH
O
H2
C
O
HO
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H N
O
N
H
H
N
P
O-
OHO
N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
H2
C
O
A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A
G C
T A
O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O OH
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
P
O-
O
O
O
H2
C
O
OH
O
H2
C
O
HO
P
O-
OHO
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
O
H2
C
O
O
H2
C
O
P
O-
O
O
P
O-
O
O
P
-
O
O O
5`
5`
3`
3`
5`
5`
5`
5`
3`
3`
3`
3`
A
C
T
G
A CT G
A T
G C

5. N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
H2
C
O
A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A P
-
O
O O
5`
5`
3`
3`
A
A
A
G
G
C
C
C
U
U
U
G
U
5`
3`
N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
H2
C
O
OH
P
-
O
O O
N
N O
H
O

6. N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O O
N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
H2
C
O
OH
P
-
O
O O
N
N O
H
O
O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O OH
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
P
O-
O
O
O
H2
C
O
OH
O
H2
C
O
HO
P
O-
OHO
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
O
H2
C
O
O
H2
C
O
P
O-
O
O
P
O-
O
O
5`
5`
3`
3`
A
C
T
G
P
-
O
O OH
P
-
O
O O
O
H2
C
O
OH
O
H2
C
O
HO OH
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
N
N
O
O
H
5`
3`
A
C
U
G

7. A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A
5`
5`
3`
3`
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N
NH2
O
AGGACTCCACTT
TTCACCTCAGGA
A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A

8. C
UA T
A T
A T
G C
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
5`
5`
3`
3`
5`
3`
U
G
A
G
G
U
A

9. N
N
NH2
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
C
T
A
G
C
T A G
C
T
AG
C
T
A
GC T A GC T
A
G
C
A
GC
T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C TA GC
T
A
G
C
T A
G
C
A
G
C
T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C T
AGC
T
A GC
A
G
C
T AG
C
T
A GC T
A
GC T A G
C
T A
G
C
A
GC
T
A GC
T
A G
C
T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C
T
AG
C
A
C
T
AG
T
A G
C A
G
C
T A GC T
AG
C
GC
T
A
G
C
A
TA
G
C
T
GT
A
C
A
G
T
A
G TG
C
A
G
A GC A G C TA G
C
T
C
G
A
T C
T
G
C A
C
T
G
C
A G
C
T
AG
C
T
A
G
AG
C
T AG C
A
G
C
A
G
C
T
G
C
T
A GC T
A
G
C
T
A
G
C
A
C
T G
C
T
A
G
C
T
A
C
T
AG
C T
A
G
C
A
G
C
T
AG
CT
A
GC T
A
G
C T
A
G
C
T A
G
C
A
GC
T
AG C
T
AG
C
TA
G
C
T
A
G
C T
AG
C
A
A
A
A
AA
CAC C ATC TTG AG CTG
C
T A G TA C
T
AG TT G C AC GAC AG CA GCA G AT
G
AG
C

11. 1000x
1000x
10000x
x 10

12. 1000x

14. 1 2 3

15. H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
HC
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
HC
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
O
O
C
C
C C
N
N O
3
CH
H
H
O
H
31 2

17. N
H
H
N
N
N
N
O
H
N
N O
H
O
H3
C
N
N
N
N
NH2
N
N
NH2
O

20. C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H
C
C
C C
N
N O
H3
C
H
H
O
H

23. 29
Cu
79
Au
47
Ag

25. X
Z
Y
Z
X
Z
Y
X

27. Z

28. 1
3
1
3 1

29. TERS

30. 29
Cu
79
Au
47
Ag
TERS

32. 1 2 3

36. 79
Au
47
Ag
X
Z
Y

37. D
B
E
A
C
F
G
H
D
B
E
A
C
F
G
H

38. 1 2 3
1
2
3

39. 4 5 6
4
5
6
A T
A T
A T
G C
G C
GC
GC
GC
GC
T A
T A
T A
5`
5`
3`
3`
C
C
C
C C
G
C
A G
C
AG
C A
G
AG
C
T AG C
A
C
A
C
T
A GC T
A
G
A
C
T
A
G
CA
C
T
G
C G
A
G
C
T
T
GC TG
C
AC
A
GC
T
T C
A
G
T
C
C
T G