The document discusses several rural and sustainable building projects from around the world: 1. Mbaru Niang in Indonesia renovates traditional thatched-roof conical houses using local worok wood and bamboo construction techniques. 2. Leti 360 resort in India's Himalayas is built into agricultural terraces using local stone, wood, and glass with expansive mountain views. Materials are sourced locally and transported by porters to minimize environmental impact. 3. The Volontariat Orphanage in India uses an experimental "fired mud" construction technique and upcycled materials like bicycle frames and glass bottles to create an affordable housing project.

1. RURAL BUILDING
PRACTICES
Priyamvada bagal
Ginisha bhise
Sayali borge
Prashant chavan

2. MBARU NIANG
Wae Rebo Village, Flores Island, Indonesia
Location: Wae Rebo Village, Flores
Island, Indonesia (South-East Asia)
Architect: Rumah Asuh/Yori
Antar, Tangerang, Indonesia
Client: Wae Rebo Community
A group of young Indonesian architects in the
habit of touring a part of Indonesia each year
arrived to find four of the last surviving examples
of these houses, two of which were in need of
renovation.
Conical houses of „worok‟ wood and bamboo in
tied-together rattan construction with thatched
roofs are the archetypal buildings of this remote
island village.

3. The villagers are guardians of this culture but
the necessary building skills, having
traditionally been handed down, from
generation to generation .
The architects initiated and facilitated a
community-led revival of traditional
techniques enabling all the original houses to
be rebuilt.
construction views show an incredible scale
and use of locally available materials.

4. Leti 360 / studio Mumbai, bijoy jain.
Leti 360 is a small resort set on a high land in the Indian
Himalayas. Situated at 2300 meters above sea level and nine
kilometers from the nearest motorable road, the site is accessed
along a narrow walking path.
Set into existing agricultural terraces, five stone, wood and glass
structures open out onto expansive views of mountains, forests
and river valleys.
Leti 360, resort is perched on a cliff in
the foothills of the Indian Himalayas.
The design of the resort was
influenced by the inherent constraints
of building in the area, concerns of
environmental impact and cultural
sensitivity.

5. The buildings are constructed primarily of dry-stacked stone, in the tradition of the area. Glazed walls framed
in teakwood have been introduced to let in natural light.
Stone was quarried locally and carried to site by porters and mules; all other building materials, including
teak wood, glass, aluminum, copper, and canvas – along with custom-made furniture – arrived on site in the
same manner.

6. I think it is the responsibility of the designers to think about the bigger
picture and the impact their designs have on the environment. And this
is a great example of that where they are using local materials, thinking
about transportation for the materials … and it does really use materials
in a way that doesn’t detract but actually adds to the experience and it
makes one aware of the bigger environment.
– Paul Priestman
The project was constructed
with the help of more than 70
village masons, carpenters, and
craftsmen.
The project is envisioned as a
temporary settlement designed
to be dismantled in ten years,
leaving a minimal impact on its
natural surroundings.

7. Volontariat Orphanage , Anupama kundoo
This project in Pondicherry was built using a rare technology pioneered by Ray Meeker of Golden Bridge
pottery, which consists of baking a mud house insitu, after constructing it.

8. A fired house or a fire-stabilised mud house is in principle, a mud house built with mud bricks and mud mortar that is cooked
after building as a whole to achieve the strength of brick.
To avoid use of valuable wood to fire the structure as in the previous cases, coal dust was introduced into the clay mixture
itself.
The interior space is stuffed with further mud bricks or other products, and fired as if it were a kiln. The strength of brick
would be achieved for the price of mud. Hence, the cement in the mortar mix would become unnecessary.

9. The project uses many unconventional materials as well as absorbs urban waste. Bicycles wheel frames were
used as
formwork for windows and later as window grills. Glass bottles were used as structural units for masonry in the
toilet and wet areas.
Glass chai cups were used to finish the openings at the top of the dome.
This highly experimental project is an example of radical thinking that is being explored to approach the
problem of affordability of housing for all, and more over integrally sustainable in all its aspects.

10. The Green School, Bandung, Bali, Indonesia.
Architect : PT bamboo.
The Green School, built by PT Bambu, is located on a
sustainable campus spanning both sides of the Ayung River in
Sibang Kaja, Bali, within a lush jungle with native plants and
trees growing alongside sustainable organic gardens.
The School develops plantations of bamboo plants through
presenting bamboo seedlings to local rice farmers.
The school prepares
students to be stewards
of the environment,
teaching them to be
critical thinkers, who
achieve the sustainability
of the world and the
environment.

11. The school‟s buildings are built primarily from renewable
resources including bamboo, local grass, and traditional mud
walls. The primarily-Bamboo construction of the campus has also
been reported upon as an example of large-scale building
potential of bamboo architecture.
The core is a 60 Meter long stilt-structure constructed with 2500
bamboo poles. The school also utilizes renewable building
materials for its other needs, and everything - even the desks - is
made of bamboo.

12. The campus is powered by a number of alternative energy
sources, including a bamboo sawdust hot water and cooking
system, a hydro-powered vortex generator and solar panels.
The campus is so designed on an “organic permaculture
system” intended to work with the natural ecology of the
land.