We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
DSTATCOM IS USED IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY LIKE PF CORRECTION,VOLTAGE SAG OR SWELL,HARMONICS ELEMINATION,ETC.VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGY COMPARISION FOR DSTATCOM.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DSTATCOM.APPLICATION OF STASTCOM IN INDIA.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission SystemNadeem Khilji
The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s, HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. HVDC transmission systems, when installed, often form the backbone of an electric power system. They combine high reliability with a long useful life. An HVDC link avoids some of the disadvantages and limitations of AC transmission. HVDC transmission refers to that the AC power generated at a power plant is transformed into DC power before its transmission. At the inverter (receiving side), it is then transformed back into its original AC power and then supplied to each household. Such power transmission method makes it possible to transmit electric power in an economic way.
Autorecloser relays are widely implemented in the electric utilities Over Head Lines networks to improve power availability and to maintain system stability.
Site testing need to be performed before operation to ensure proper function of Autoreclosers.
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
Harmonics are found to have deleterious effects on power system equipments including transformers, capacitor banks, rotating machines, switchgears and protective relays. Transformers, motors and switchgears may experience increased losses and excessive heating. Shunt filters are effective in minimizing voltage distortions. This paper describes the voltage distortions generated by non linear loads. The harmonic specifications such as harmonic factor, characteristic harmonic and non-characteristic harmonic are considered while explaining the paper. ‘MiPower’ software is used to compute the harmonic distortions in a sample power system. Accurate harmonic models are established for a non linear load. To reduce the harmonic voltages impressed upon specific parts of the sample power system, passive filters are installed at two buses. With the implementation of a passive filter at the bus with non linear load, the harmonics are greatly reduced. For the specified power system, at all the buses the total harmonic distortion has been evaluated.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
DSTATCOM IS USED IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY LIKE PF CORRECTION,VOLTAGE SAG OR SWELL,HARMONICS ELEMINATION,ETC.VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGY COMPARISION FOR DSTATCOM.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DSTATCOM.APPLICATION OF STASTCOM IN INDIA.
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission SystemNadeem Khilji
The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s, HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. HVDC transmission systems, when installed, often form the backbone of an electric power system. They combine high reliability with a long useful life. An HVDC link avoids some of the disadvantages and limitations of AC transmission. HVDC transmission refers to that the AC power generated at a power plant is transformed into DC power before its transmission. At the inverter (receiving side), it is then transformed back into its original AC power and then supplied to each household. Such power transmission method makes it possible to transmit electric power in an economic way.
Autorecloser relays are widely implemented in the electric utilities Over Head Lines networks to improve power availability and to maintain system stability.
Site testing need to be performed before operation to ensure proper function of Autoreclosers.
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
Harmonics are found to have deleterious effects on power system equipments including transformers, capacitor banks, rotating machines, switchgears and protective relays. Transformers, motors and switchgears may experience increased losses and excessive heating. Shunt filters are effective in minimizing voltage distortions. This paper describes the voltage distortions generated by non linear loads. The harmonic specifications such as harmonic factor, characteristic harmonic and non-characteristic harmonic are considered while explaining the paper. ‘MiPower’ software is used to compute the harmonic distortions in a sample power system. Accurate harmonic models are established for a non linear load. To reduce the harmonic voltages impressed upon specific parts of the sample power system, passive filters are installed at two buses. With the implementation of a passive filter at the bus with non linear load, the harmonics are greatly reduced. For the specified power system, at all the buses the total harmonic distortion has been evaluated.
Design of Active Filter for Reducing Harmonic Distortion in Distribution Networkijtsrd
Power transmission and distribution systems are designed for operation with sinusoidal voltage and current waveform in constant frequency. Power electronic control devices due to their inherent non linearity draw harmonic and reactive power form the supply mains. The wide use power electronic equipment with linear load causes an increasing harmonics distortion in the ac mains currents. Harmonics component is a very serious and harmful problem in the distribution system. The main adverse effects of harmonic current and voltage on power system equipment are overheating, overloading, perturbation of sensitive control and electronic equipment, capacitor failure, communication interferences, process problem, motor vibration, resonances problem and low power factor. This paper describes the modelling of active filter with synchronous d q reference frame theory for harmonic compensation in distribution systems. The case study is carried out at Hlaingtharyar township distribution system. The model is implemented for harmonic analysis from simulation using a Matlab Simulink with the THD values obtained by practical measurement. Khine Zar Maw "Design of Active Filter for Reducing Harmonic Distortion in Distribution Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26663.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26663/design-of-active-filter-for-reducing-harmonic-distortion-in-distribution-network/khine-zar-maw
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This application note discusses the use of active filters to reduce harmonic currents in installations. Active filters work by providing the harmonic current required by the load instead of it being drawn from the supply.
The major advantage of active filters is that they can be distributed around an electrical network in a decentralized manner, which enhances the effect of filtering. They can be programmed to respond to selected or all harmonic frequencies and quickly adapt to changes in load profile.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Application of passive harmonic filters to mitigate source side current harmo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A combination of rectifier and DC – DC chopper is useful in feeding DC loads where the DC input to the loads needs to be stepped up or down. Both rectifier and chopper are based on power electronic switches which inject harmonics in the system. This harmonics is an undesirable effect which should be mitigated effectively. For this, passive harmonic filters are used. Passive harmonic filters are a simple and economical option for harmonic mitigation. Thus they find widespread application in various power systems. This paper deals with the analysis of harmonic distortion caused in a typical AC system feeding a DC motor through a rectifier and boost chopper setup. The analysis is done before and after the incorporation of passive harmonic filters on the AC side in order to study the effect of the same in the mitigation of source side harmonics. Key Words: – Total Harmonic Distortion - THD, boost chopper, harmonics, tuned filters, resonance
Operational Cost Avoidance through Harmonic Mitigation in Industrial Environm...Schneider Electric
Industrial sites suffer from margin erosion because operations and equipment costs are not efficiently controlled. Such costs can be avoided if the proper harmonic mitigation solution is implemented. This paper reviews several approaches to harmonic mitigation and identifies best practices.
1. Technical comparison between Active and Passive Harmonic filters.
Harmonics are pollutants in the electrical distribution network. Generally current harmonics
are the cause for generation of voltage harmonics. This is due to source impedance. This
phenomenon can be discussed in details. Obviously a stiff source will generate less voltage
harmonics. Normally Harmonics are measured in terms of THD% or individual orders in % of
fundamental frequency values.
Current harmonics in any network are generated due to use of non linear loads. By non linear
loads, we mean, the loads which do not draw sinusoidal current from sinusoidal Voltage wave
form. We generally find presence of odd order harmonics in present day industries.
The main non linear loads responsible for creating those disturbances are;
Variable frequency drives.
D.C. Motors.
Rectifiers.
Inverters and Converters.
All electronic loads.
We understand that all the electrical machines and equipments are designed for giving “BEST”
performances when supplied with pure sine wave. Presence of harmonics violates this
condition, which results in poor efficiency and high unexplained failure rate in various
equipments.
To take care of this problem all the electricity boards in India have started imposing regulations
with respect to injecting harmonics in to the grid by any consumer. There are few standards like
IEEE-519 for generation of harmonics, accepted globally and by our country also. It is beyond
any dispute that it is our responsibility to keep the electrical distribution network clean.
It is accepted that the present day industry in India cannot do away with VFDs, DC motors and
such other non linear loads. But it is also necessary to improve the power quality. To achieve
this we have few options available.
1) Use compensated electrical equipments which generate current harmonics within limits.
2) Stop using plain capacitors for power factor improvement, instead use detuned
capacitors. De-tuned Capacitors do not generate harmonics if designed properly.
3) Use passive filters to filter out harmonic currents.
2. 4) Use Active filters. But such filters are useful only in meeting the requirements of
electricity boards. In most of the cases active filters do not provide any solution, when
those are intended to eliminate break downs in various equipments due to presence of
harmonics.
5) Use of a combination of Active and passive harmonic filters is preferred some times, on
account of commercial and technical reasons.
Following is a brief comparison between passive and Active filter systems. The argument are
supported by explanation in Drawing No. 01 & 02
PASSIVE HARMONIC FILTERS
1) P.H.F are filters in true sense.
2) Those filters actually short
circuit and remove the high
frequency currents (distortions
or harmonics) from the
distribution network.
3) Such filters do not allow
harmonic currents to circulate
in the network, which results in
elimination of equipment break
down due to harmonics.
4) The reliability of operation of
protection relays improves
when harmonic currents are
filtered from the network.
5) P.H.F. clean the entire system,
whether down the line or up the
line, if the locations of
connection are selected
properly.
6) P.H.F are very rugged
maintenance free and any
ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTERS
1) A.H.F. are not filters but those only
inject opposite nature of distorted
current in the line. Thus only the
power quality towards the source is
improved and never down the line.
2) A.H.F. do not short circuit or
remove the harmonic currents. But
only try to improve the waveforms
towards source.
3) A.H.F. do not stop harmonic
currents circulating in the network.
4) Protection relays keep
misbehaving.
5) A.H.F. do not show this behavior
because as explained those are not
actually filters.
6) A.H.F. are complicated technically,
use sophisticated electronics and
3. break down can be attended
easily by the user at site.
7) There is no software or
electronic components.
8) Passive harmonic filters are
more economical than active
harmonic filter.
9) Comparatively the running
losses are low.
10) One major disadvantage with
passive harmonic filter is
possibility of those getting over
loaded due to sudden change in
the loading pattern. But this can
be taken care of by over
designing the system, looking at
future expansion.
11) However in case of additional
non linear loads parallel
passive harmonic filter can be
used effectively.
software, hence the maintenance is
difficult and every time the
manufacturer has to be contacted.
In case of any break down the user
cannot attend to even small
problems. The manufacturers of
Active filters take advantage of this
fact and literally take the user for a
ride and charge heavily for after
sales service.
7) As explained, Active filters have lot
of sophisticated electronics and
software.
8) Active harmonic filters are always
costlier than passive harmonic
filters.
9) Running losses are higher than
passive harmonic filters.
10) Active harmonic filter do not have
tendency of getting over loaded.
Also many such units can be
paralleled for additional loading.
For Waveforms
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