4. New Paradigm Research
1. A form of cooperative enquiry which :
• All involved contribute to creative
thinking, deciding on the situation, the
method, making sense of finding, and
the action.
• No distinction bet. Researchers and
subjects, both are co-researchers and
co-subjects
2. A form of education, personal
development and social action
(Reason 1988)
11. 4 Types of Action Research
• Experimental
• Organizational
• Professionalizing
• Empowering
12. 7 criteria for different types of AR.
• Educative
• Deals with individual
• Problem focused, context specific,
future orientated
• Change intervention
• Improvement, involvement
• Cyclic process (research, action
evaluation)
• Research relationship
13. Action
Research
Experimental Evaluation
Organizational
Professional
Empowering
14. Action research typology
Consensus model Conflict model
Type ExperimentalOrganizational Professional Empowering
Educative - Reeducation - Reedocative/ - Reflective - Consciousness
Training raising
Base - Researcher - Client focused - Practitioner - User focused
focused
Individual - Fixed - Selected - Shifting - Fluid
in group Membership Membership membership membership
Problem - Management - Social/manage- - Professional - Client
focus interest Ment interest interest interest
Intervention - To test theory/ - Management - Professional/ - Process led
To generate change aims practice - Undetermined
Theory - Top down - Professional - Bottom up
led process led
15. Cyclic Research Action/ Research/ Action
Process Component Research Action
Time Limited Discrete Spiral Open-end
Task Focused Cycle Cycle Process
Sequential Opportunistic Driven
Dynamic
Research Experimenter/ Consultant/ Practitioner/ Practitioner
Relation Respondents Researcher/ Researcher/ Co. researcher
Ship Respondent Collaborator/ Co. Change
Agent
Diff. Roles Diff. Roles Merged Shared
Roles Roles