Presentation delivered at the 10th Annual Society of Plastics Engineers, Automotive Conference and Exhibition - Troy MIAcrolab - SPE ACCE -- The ISOMANDREL - An Enabling Technology to Lightweight Automobiles
DSM Somos NanoForm 15120 is a nanoparticle-filled liquid resin for stereolithography. It produces strong, stiff parts with high heat resistance. Parts made from it have an opaque gray appearance. The resin is ideal for applications requiring strength and high heat tolerance, such as automotive and aerospace components. It offers improved mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and heat deflection temperature compared to standard resins.
The document describes the design and engineering of an autonomous hovercraft for competition. It outlines challenges faced with the propulsion, power, structure and programming systems. Improvements were made to ducting, voltage regulation, craft size and additional fans to address issues. Lessons included avoiding low quality components, balancing stability and size, and maintaining symmetric turning controls. The team improved their design through testing and made recommendations for future teams.
This document summarizes the key features and specifications of Taconic's MCCL products. It provides details on the product portfolio, heat dissipation performance, dielectric breakdown voltage, hipot testing reliability, and general material properties. Testing results show the MCCL products have high dielectric breakdown voltages above 5kV on average, excellent heat dissipation capabilities, and 100% hipot reliability when tested up to 3kV. Customized product dimensions and metal types are available.
Pro high-alumina-cumiloxaplicacion calcinada y tabular o sinterizadaFranyori Torres
This document discusses high alumina refractories produced by Carborundum Universal Limited. It provides information on several product lines - CUMILOX, CUMILOX M, CUMILOX K313W, and others. For each product line, it lists key properties like maximum service temperature, bulk density, cold crushing strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical composition. It also identifies common user industries and applications for these refractories, which include fertilizer plants, petrochemical facilities, foundries, and more. Overall, the document introduces Carborundum's high alumina refractory products and provides their typical specifications and characteristics.
This document provides specifications for MCC 1N4728 through 1N4764 zener diodes. It includes maximum ratings, electrical characteristics, and dimensions for the glass packaged diodes. Key specifications include:
- Voltage ratings from 3.3V to 100V
- Power dissipation of 1W at 100C case temperature
- Test currents and voltages, dynamic impedance, reverse leakage, and more
- Temperature coefficients and maximum surge currents
- Hermetic glass packages in DO-41 case from 0.166 to 0.205 inches in length
This document provides information on PEEK (polyetheretherketone) thermoplastic materials including their properties, applications, and available stock shapes from GEHR. PEEK has very high strength and stiffness even at low temperatures, high thermal stability, creep resistance, and resistance to chemicals and radiation. Common applications include bearings, seals, and parts for the semiconductor and medical industries. Reinforced grades of PEEK include versions with glass fibers or other materials to improve friction and wear properties. GEHR supplies PEEK in rod, sheet and customized shapes.
I SHIEN Corp. designs, sells, and repairs vacuum processing equipment. It was established in 1982 in Hsinchu City and initially focused on vacuum pump repair and sales. Over time, it expanded its business to include developing vacuum systems and small production equipment. It now offers a variety of vacuum deposition, etching, and furnace systems for customers in Taiwan's semiconductor industry.
DSM Somos NanoForm 15120 is a nanoparticle-filled liquid resin for stereolithography. It produces strong, stiff parts with high heat resistance. Parts made from it have an opaque gray appearance. The resin is ideal for applications requiring strength and high heat tolerance, such as automotive and aerospace components. It offers improved mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, and heat deflection temperature compared to standard resins.
The document describes the design and engineering of an autonomous hovercraft for competition. It outlines challenges faced with the propulsion, power, structure and programming systems. Improvements were made to ducting, voltage regulation, craft size and additional fans to address issues. Lessons included avoiding low quality components, balancing stability and size, and maintaining symmetric turning controls. The team improved their design through testing and made recommendations for future teams.
This document summarizes the key features and specifications of Taconic's MCCL products. It provides details on the product portfolio, heat dissipation performance, dielectric breakdown voltage, hipot testing reliability, and general material properties. Testing results show the MCCL products have high dielectric breakdown voltages above 5kV on average, excellent heat dissipation capabilities, and 100% hipot reliability when tested up to 3kV. Customized product dimensions and metal types are available.
Pro high-alumina-cumiloxaplicacion calcinada y tabular o sinterizadaFranyori Torres
This document discusses high alumina refractories produced by Carborundum Universal Limited. It provides information on several product lines - CUMILOX, CUMILOX M, CUMILOX K313W, and others. For each product line, it lists key properties like maximum service temperature, bulk density, cold crushing strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical composition. It also identifies common user industries and applications for these refractories, which include fertilizer plants, petrochemical facilities, foundries, and more. Overall, the document introduces Carborundum's high alumina refractory products and provides their typical specifications and characteristics.
This document provides specifications for MCC 1N4728 through 1N4764 zener diodes. It includes maximum ratings, electrical characteristics, and dimensions for the glass packaged diodes. Key specifications include:
- Voltage ratings from 3.3V to 100V
- Power dissipation of 1W at 100C case temperature
- Test currents and voltages, dynamic impedance, reverse leakage, and more
- Temperature coefficients and maximum surge currents
- Hermetic glass packages in DO-41 case from 0.166 to 0.205 inches in length
This document provides information on PEEK (polyetheretherketone) thermoplastic materials including their properties, applications, and available stock shapes from GEHR. PEEK has very high strength and stiffness even at low temperatures, high thermal stability, creep resistance, and resistance to chemicals and radiation. Common applications include bearings, seals, and parts for the semiconductor and medical industries. Reinforced grades of PEEK include versions with glass fibers or other materials to improve friction and wear properties. GEHR supplies PEEK in rod, sheet and customized shapes.
I SHIEN Corp. designs, sells, and repairs vacuum processing equipment. It was established in 1982 in Hsinchu City and initially focused on vacuum pump repair and sales. Over time, it expanded its business to include developing vacuum systems and small production equipment. It now offers a variety of vacuum deposition, etching, and furnace systems for customers in Taiwan's semiconductor industry.
This document describes research into using sonication in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as an environmentally friendly method for nano-mixing particles. The researchers tested mixing various nanoparticle combinations like silica/titana, MWCNT/silica, and alumina/silica. They found that sonicating the particle mixtures in supercritical CO2 led to good deagglomeration and mixing, comparable to using organic solvents. Higher ultrasound amplitudes and pressures improved the mixing results. The CO2 method produces well-mixed powder without residual solvents. It provides an environmentally benign alternative to traditional nano-mixing using organic solvents.
The testo 112 is a 1-channel temperature measuring instrument that is officially calibratable, making it suitable for official food inspections. It has a wide measurement range from -50 to +300°C, a protective case, and can store and display min/max readings. Measurements can be printed on-site using an optional fast printer. The instrument comes with various probe options for different applications such as air, surface, pipe, immersion, and food probes.
In this presentation on Basics of Heat Transfer we will look at the different modes of heat transfer in an LED system, thermal conductivity of typical materials used in LED system design, and the various thermal resistances involved in an LED system.
In this presentation we will look at thermal interface materials, influencing factors for heat sink selection, and steps to identify the right heat sink for an LED system design.
UL Certified Aluminum / Metal Core PCB for LEDs presentation. Featuring highly-respected thermal interface material basics expert Clemens Lasance of Philips Research Laboratories, the thermal management presentation is great for PWB Designers as it provides fabrication notes, material comparisons, and LED product calculators.
This progress report summarizes work on sintering Lu2Hf2O7 ceramic scintillator materials to achieve high density and optical transparency. The objectives are to create a transparent ceramic through sintering and hot isostatic pressing, and to characterize the materials. Various sintering temperatures, atmospheres and pressing conditions have been tested. X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy show increasing density with higher sintering temperatures. The highest density of 99% theoretical was achieved through hot isostatic pressing at 2100°C. Further optimization of sintering and HIP conditions may enable fabrication of transparent Lu2Hf2O7 ceramics for scintillator applications.
This document summarizes research on breeding the crop Sorpea for drought tolerance. It describes analyzing environmental patterns to characterize drought and identifying traits that confer advantage under most frequent drought conditions. It also details mapping yield and water saving quantitative trait loci in the crop Bealet, finding multiple alleles interact to influence transpiration rate depending on environment. Stay green is correlated with extracting more water after anthesis. Candidate genes underlying mapped traits are proposed.
This document provides specifications for three ceiling suspended cassette type indoor units - the FXUQ71MAV1, FXUQ100MAV1, and FXUQ125MAV1 - and their corresponding connection units BEVQ71MAVE, BEVQ100MAVE, and BEVQ125MAVE. It lists key details like cooling capacity, dimensions, fan motor output, sound levels, and standard accessories for each unit. Piping diameters and connection types are also specified. The units have microprocessor thermostats for temperature control and sound absorbing thermal insulation materials.
This document provides an overview of solar cell fundamentals:
1. The history of increasing solar cell efficiency over time, though not following Moore's Law of consistent doubling every couple years like computer chips. Price per watt installed is a better metric.
2. What a solar cell is and how it works, converting sunlight directly to DC electricity through semiconductors like silicon.
3. The various uses of solar energy from powering homes and buildings to applications in planes, boats, and other vehicles.
Electronic fuel injection vs carburettorsSalman Ahmed
These slides give you an idea of the different types of fuel injection systems that have been used throughout time.
A comparison between carburettors and EFI has been also looked on.
VEM - SEPMA - POLES - FILAMENT WINDINGfrancescavem
Filament wound fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) poles have several advantages over other materials for utility poles:
1) FRP poles are lighter, more durable, and require lower maintenance than wood or steel poles as they do not rust or suffer chemical attacks.
2) FRP poles are easier and cheaper to transport and install than other materials since they do not require heavy equipment for installation.
3) The filament winding process allows FRP poles to be customized for strength and length requirements in a more affordable manner than other FRP pole production methods.
This document summarizes Vem's premix system for optimizing resin consumption in pipe production. [1] The premix system extrudes a mortar core made of resin-mixed sand contained in a polypropylene veil, reducing resin use by 15-20% compared to standard systems. [2] Case studies show the premix system produces pipes meeting design specifications with stable production and good mechanical properties. [3] Further developments have made the premix system more user-friendly and efficient.
This document discusses various methods for manufacturing advanced composites. It describes prepregs which are fibers preimpregnated with partially cured resin. It also discusses different manufacturing methods like hand layup, filament winding, and autoclave curing. Hand layup involves manually placing resin-soaked fibers in a mold. Filament winding uses continuous fibers wound around a rotating mandrel to form cylindrical parts. Autoclave curing uses heat and pressure in a large oven to fully cure large or complex composite parts.
Filament winding is a process that creates circular composite products with a hollow core by winding fiber material and resin around a mandrel or core. The fiber is wound in a precise pattern while under tension. The wound part is then cured either at room temperature or in an oven, after which the mandrel is removed, leaving a hollow composite structure. Filament winding is used to create products like storage tanks, pipes, aerospace and vehicle parts, and more.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
Biofuel is a type of fuel derived from biological carbon fixation. Common biofuels include ethanol, vegetable oil, and animal fats. Biofuels are classified into first and second generation types. First generation biofuels are derived from sources like starch, sugar, and vegetable oil using conventional techniques. Examples include biodiesel, green diesel, bioethers, biogas, and syn-gas. Second generation biofuels use more sustainable feedstocks and are still under development, such as cellulosic ethanol. India's biofuel production focuses on cultivating and processing Jatropha plant seeds for biodiesel. While biofuels reduce emissions, their production has disadvantages like requiring considerable land use and having poorer performance
There are several processes for shaping polymer matrix composites (PMCs), which can be categorized as open mold processes, closed mold processes, and continuous processes. Open mold processes involve manually laying up layers of fibers and resin in a mold. Closed mold processes use molds to shape the composite under heat and pressure. Continuous processes like filament winding and pultrusion produce long composite profiles. Common matrix materials are thermosetting polymers and common reinforcements are glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers. PMC processes aim to efficiently orient and consolidate the fibers during curing.
The document discusses various fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite manufacturing processes. It defines FRP composites and describes common matrix materials like thermoset and thermoplastic resins. Manufacturing methods covered include hand lay-up, spray-up, resin transfer molding (RTM), filament winding, pultrusion, matched-die molding, and reaction injection molding (RIM). Each process is explained along with associated materials, equipment, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Hyperloop is a proposed method of high-speed ground transportation, proposed by Elon Musk, that would transport passengers at airline speeds but using magnetically levitated capsules or pods within a near-vacuum tube. The presentation details the Hyperloop system, which would use solar-powered electric propulsion and air bearings to enable estimated travel times between Los Angeles and San Francisco of just 30 minutes at speeds up to 800 mph. Key aspects include the tube design, low-pressure environment, linear motor accelerators, and potential stations along the proposed route between the two cities. However, some experts believe the estimated $6 billion cost is too low given the challenges of developing an entirely new transportation system.
A hyperloop is a theoretical mode of high-speed transportation sketched out by serial entrepreneur Elon Musk. Musk envisions the system as a 'fifth mode' of transportation: an alternative to boats, aircraft, automobiles, and trains.[1] Musk, who has expressed his intent to develop a prototype hyperloop, stated that it "could revolutionize travel",[2] but the technological and economic feasibility of the idea has not been independently studied.
This document describes research into using sonication in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as an environmentally friendly method for nano-mixing particles. The researchers tested mixing various nanoparticle combinations like silica/titana, MWCNT/silica, and alumina/silica. They found that sonicating the particle mixtures in supercritical CO2 led to good deagglomeration and mixing, comparable to using organic solvents. Higher ultrasound amplitudes and pressures improved the mixing results. The CO2 method produces well-mixed powder without residual solvents. It provides an environmentally benign alternative to traditional nano-mixing using organic solvents.
The testo 112 is a 1-channel temperature measuring instrument that is officially calibratable, making it suitable for official food inspections. It has a wide measurement range from -50 to +300°C, a protective case, and can store and display min/max readings. Measurements can be printed on-site using an optional fast printer. The instrument comes with various probe options for different applications such as air, surface, pipe, immersion, and food probes.
In this presentation on Basics of Heat Transfer we will look at the different modes of heat transfer in an LED system, thermal conductivity of typical materials used in LED system design, and the various thermal resistances involved in an LED system.
In this presentation we will look at thermal interface materials, influencing factors for heat sink selection, and steps to identify the right heat sink for an LED system design.
UL Certified Aluminum / Metal Core PCB for LEDs presentation. Featuring highly-respected thermal interface material basics expert Clemens Lasance of Philips Research Laboratories, the thermal management presentation is great for PWB Designers as it provides fabrication notes, material comparisons, and LED product calculators.
This progress report summarizes work on sintering Lu2Hf2O7 ceramic scintillator materials to achieve high density and optical transparency. The objectives are to create a transparent ceramic through sintering and hot isostatic pressing, and to characterize the materials. Various sintering temperatures, atmospheres and pressing conditions have been tested. X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy show increasing density with higher sintering temperatures. The highest density of 99% theoretical was achieved through hot isostatic pressing at 2100°C. Further optimization of sintering and HIP conditions may enable fabrication of transparent Lu2Hf2O7 ceramics for scintillator applications.
This document summarizes research on breeding the crop Sorpea for drought tolerance. It describes analyzing environmental patterns to characterize drought and identifying traits that confer advantage under most frequent drought conditions. It also details mapping yield and water saving quantitative trait loci in the crop Bealet, finding multiple alleles interact to influence transpiration rate depending on environment. Stay green is correlated with extracting more water after anthesis. Candidate genes underlying mapped traits are proposed.
This document provides specifications for three ceiling suspended cassette type indoor units - the FXUQ71MAV1, FXUQ100MAV1, and FXUQ125MAV1 - and their corresponding connection units BEVQ71MAVE, BEVQ100MAVE, and BEVQ125MAVE. It lists key details like cooling capacity, dimensions, fan motor output, sound levels, and standard accessories for each unit. Piping diameters and connection types are also specified. The units have microprocessor thermostats for temperature control and sound absorbing thermal insulation materials.
This document provides an overview of solar cell fundamentals:
1. The history of increasing solar cell efficiency over time, though not following Moore's Law of consistent doubling every couple years like computer chips. Price per watt installed is a better metric.
2. What a solar cell is and how it works, converting sunlight directly to DC electricity through semiconductors like silicon.
3. The various uses of solar energy from powering homes and buildings to applications in planes, boats, and other vehicles.
Electronic fuel injection vs carburettorsSalman Ahmed
These slides give you an idea of the different types of fuel injection systems that have been used throughout time.
A comparison between carburettors and EFI has been also looked on.
VEM - SEPMA - POLES - FILAMENT WINDINGfrancescavem
Filament wound fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP) poles have several advantages over other materials for utility poles:
1) FRP poles are lighter, more durable, and require lower maintenance than wood or steel poles as they do not rust or suffer chemical attacks.
2) FRP poles are easier and cheaper to transport and install than other materials since they do not require heavy equipment for installation.
3) The filament winding process allows FRP poles to be customized for strength and length requirements in a more affordable manner than other FRP pole production methods.
This document summarizes Vem's premix system for optimizing resin consumption in pipe production. [1] The premix system extrudes a mortar core made of resin-mixed sand contained in a polypropylene veil, reducing resin use by 15-20% compared to standard systems. [2] Case studies show the premix system produces pipes meeting design specifications with stable production and good mechanical properties. [3] Further developments have made the premix system more user-friendly and efficient.
This document discusses various methods for manufacturing advanced composites. It describes prepregs which are fibers preimpregnated with partially cured resin. It also discusses different manufacturing methods like hand layup, filament winding, and autoclave curing. Hand layup involves manually placing resin-soaked fibers in a mold. Filament winding uses continuous fibers wound around a rotating mandrel to form cylindrical parts. Autoclave curing uses heat and pressure in a large oven to fully cure large or complex composite parts.
Filament winding is a process that creates circular composite products with a hollow core by winding fiber material and resin around a mandrel or core. The fiber is wound in a precise pattern while under tension. The wound part is then cured either at room temperature or in an oven, after which the mandrel is removed, leaving a hollow composite structure. Filament winding is used to create products like storage tanks, pipes, aerospace and vehicle parts, and more.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
Biofuel is a type of fuel derived from biological carbon fixation. Common biofuels include ethanol, vegetable oil, and animal fats. Biofuels are classified into first and second generation types. First generation biofuels are derived from sources like starch, sugar, and vegetable oil using conventional techniques. Examples include biodiesel, green diesel, bioethers, biogas, and syn-gas. Second generation biofuels use more sustainable feedstocks and are still under development, such as cellulosic ethanol. India's biofuel production focuses on cultivating and processing Jatropha plant seeds for biodiesel. While biofuels reduce emissions, their production has disadvantages like requiring considerable land use and having poorer performance
There are several processes for shaping polymer matrix composites (PMCs), which can be categorized as open mold processes, closed mold processes, and continuous processes. Open mold processes involve manually laying up layers of fibers and resin in a mold. Closed mold processes use molds to shape the composite under heat and pressure. Continuous processes like filament winding and pultrusion produce long composite profiles. Common matrix materials are thermosetting polymers and common reinforcements are glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers. PMC processes aim to efficiently orient and consolidate the fibers during curing.
The document discusses various fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite manufacturing processes. It defines FRP composites and describes common matrix materials like thermoset and thermoplastic resins. Manufacturing methods covered include hand lay-up, spray-up, resin transfer molding (RTM), filament winding, pultrusion, matched-die molding, and reaction injection molding (RIM). Each process is explained along with associated materials, equipment, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Hyperloop is a proposed method of high-speed ground transportation, proposed by Elon Musk, that would transport passengers at airline speeds but using magnetically levitated capsules or pods within a near-vacuum tube. The presentation details the Hyperloop system, which would use solar-powered electric propulsion and air bearings to enable estimated travel times between Los Angeles and San Francisco of just 30 minutes at speeds up to 800 mph. Key aspects include the tube design, low-pressure environment, linear motor accelerators, and potential stations along the proposed route between the two cities. However, some experts believe the estimated $6 billion cost is too low given the challenges of developing an entirely new transportation system.
A hyperloop is a theoretical mode of high-speed transportation sketched out by serial entrepreneur Elon Musk. Musk envisions the system as a 'fifth mode' of transportation: an alternative to boats, aircraft, automobiles, and trains.[1] Musk, who has expressed his intent to develop a prototype hyperloop, stated that it "could revolutionize travel",[2] but the technological and economic feasibility of the idea has not been independently studied.
The new ISO 9001:2015 committee draft is published and distributed. There are changes which affect organizations who applied this standard. As it is among most famous ISO standards, follow up the changes would be critical and it is time to consider changes which might affect organizations' management systems.
This document summarizes research on nano-devices for enhanced cooling, storage, and sensing. It discusses using carbon nanotube coatings to enhance cooling in boiling by 30-300% and using silicon nano-fins to enhance cooling by 120%. It also discusses using nanofluids to enhance cooling by 8-30% and exploring their use for solar thermal energy conversion. Further, it discusses using dip pen nanolithography and microfluidics to develop nano-sensors for applications such as cancer detection, explosives detection, and nano-catalysis.
Magnetic contactors are used to handle loads exceeding line voltage thermostat capabilities. They have heavy duty copper contacts that carry heavy currents at line voltages. Snap-action thermostats have a liquid filled bulb and capillary, are non-indicating, and have an adjustable temperature range of 32-572°F. Surface mount thermostats are small, economical, sensitive, accurate, and adjustable through a temperature range with a stop tab to prevent excess limits.
Experimental Determination of Tool-chip Interface TemperaturesDeepam Goyal
This document summarizes several methods for experimentally determining tool-chip interface temperature during machining processes: (1) Calorimetric methods measure total heat generated but provide only average values; (2) Decolorizing agents indicate temperature via color changes; (3) Tool-work thermocouples measure average cutting temperature; (4) Moving thermocouples measure gradual temperature variation in forming chips; (5) Embedded thermocouples monitor job temperature but cannot be placed at tool-chip contact; (6) Photo-cell techniques accurately measure shear zone and tool flank temperatures; (7) Infrared photographic techniques provide temperature distribution profiles at tool and chip surfaces.
The document discusses a student project to develop a temperature control system using a thermistor. The thermistor is a negative temperature coefficient sensor whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature. The project involves taking resistance measurements of the thermistor at different water bath temperatures in order to characterize its temperature-resistance relationship. An operational amplifier circuit will be used to actuate a relay and switch on a lamp if the temperature rises above a certain threshold, indicating the temperature control system is working automatically. The goal is to obtain hands-on knowledge of temperature control using a thermistor and demonstrate its applications in engineering fields.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER BY NATURAL CONVECTION ON ALLUMINI...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates heat transfer by natural convection on aluminum casted V-shaped fin arrays, with and without slots.
2) Temperature readings were taken at different power inputs and fin inclinations, for fin, surface, slot and ambient temperatures.
3) Graphs of heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number versus inclination and power input were generated and analyzed for both fin configurations.
4) Results showed that the V-shaped fin array with slots had higher heat transfer rates than the array without slots, through higher heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers.
The document describes the design of a MEMS sensor to measure fluid flow parameters such as flow rate, velocity, direction, and pressure using hotwire principles. It involves designing resistive elements on a silicon carbide substrate that can produce heat when current is passed through and allow changes in temperature to be detected. Fabrication of low-cost silicon carbide is also discussed using porous silicon as a template in a chemical vapor deposition process. The sensor aims to provide accurate readings of flow and pressure in applications such as aerospace, medical devices, automotive, and semiconductor manufacturing.
This document contains information about experiments in heat transfer lab manual. It includes 13 experiments related to different modes of heat transfer like through composite walls, critical heat flux, measurement of surface emissivity, forced convection, lagged pipe, natural convection, heat exchangers, pin-fin, Stefan-Boltzmann apparatus, thermal conductivity of concentric sphere and metal rod, transient heat conduction, heat pipe demonstration. For each experiment, it provides introduction, description of apparatus, experimentation procedure, observations, calculations and precautions.
1. The document discusses heat transfer from fins and unsteady state heat conduction. It covers topics such as types of fins, the fin equation, fin efficiency, and transient versus steady heat transfer.
2. It provides equations for calculating temperature variation along fins, heat transfer from fins, and fin efficiency. Different boundary conditions for fin tips are also examined.
3. Transient or unsteady state heat conduction involves temperature changing over time as well as position, such as during cooling of engines or boiler tubes. The lumped system approach and analytical solutions for some basic geometries are described.
This document summarizes research on using heat pipes to control cooling in permanent molds for casting aluminum alloys. Heat pipes can selectively cool specific locations at specific times by transferring heat through phase changes without moving parts. Researchers at McGill University developed a water-based McGill Heat Pipe that can handle heat fluxes over 1 MW/m2. Testing showed heat pipes refined the microstructure and reduced the dendrite arm spacing of aluminum alloy castings compared to uncooled molds. The technology has applications for cooling permanent molds, reducing superheat in continuous casters, and cooling electrolytic cells and furnace off-gases.
Sensors help to capture what is going on in the real world. This deck explains how real-world information, such as pressure, temperature, speed is converted into a useful electronics format that can be analyzed, manipulated, stored or sent to another device.
Heat Sink Design Facts and Guidelines for Thermal Analysis_Wakefield.pdfWooGong
1. The document provides guidelines for selecting a heat sink for thermal analysis, including heat transfer basics, modes of heat transfer, and factors to consider for natural and forced convection cooling.
2. Key parameters for selecting a heat sink are the power to be dissipated, maximum junction temperature, ambient temperature, and thermal resistances of the device, thermal interface material, and heat sink.
3. Thermal performance data for heat sinks is given with correction factors for temperature difference and length. Maintaining a low junction temperature is important for reliable device operation.
1) Heat transfer occurs between surfaces at different temperatures, with heat flowing from hot to cold. Thermal management should be considered early in design.
2) There are three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is heat transfer through a medium, convection involves heat transfer via a moving fluid, and radiation transfers heat electromagnetically.
3) Forced convection using fans is more effective than natural convection for cooling electronics, as it can transfer more heat away from components than airflow caused by natural buoyancy alone. Proper fin and system design optimizes forced convection.
The document summarizes Ben Reyngoud's PhD research project on developing a novel hybrid material for high-temperature industrial pipes. The hybrid material consists of a stainless steel liner reinforced externally with tungsten wire. This is intended to improve upon the current use of nickel-based superalloys alone. The research focuses on extracting desirable properties from each component and developing a new creep testing method to evaluate the hybrid material's performance. Initial results from unreinforced and reinforced pipe rupture tests at simulated service conditions are also presented.
STEELMAKING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW INNOVATIONS IN MELTSHOPS - CVS MAKINAmetudgn
CVS is a Turkish company that provides steel plant equipment and turn-key solutions. It has 700 employees and had annual turnover of €75 million in 2008. CVS has developed a new type of flexible EAF-based minimill project. It has supplied three steel plants with identical 130-tonne capacity EAFs featuring modern metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, and automation technologies. The EAFs have a tap-to-tap time of 40 minutes and productivity of 170 tonnes per hour.
This document describes experiments conducted to determine the thermal conductivity of various materials and liquids. In experiment 1A, a guarded hot plate apparatus is used to measure the thermal conductivity of an insulating material sample. Experiment 1B involves determining the thermal conductivity of insulating powder packed between two copper spheres. Experiment 1C measures the thermal conductivity of a liquid using a guarded hot plate assembly to ensure one-dimensional heat conduction. Experiment 1D demonstrates a heat pipe and compares its temperature response over time to copper pipes, showing the heat pipe's nearly isothermal temperature distribution.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on state-of-the-art hydronic design concepts for solar thermal professionals. The presentation covers topics including thermal and hydraulic equilibrium in hydronic systems, hydraulic separation beyond primary/secondary piping, low power pumping, BTU metering, homerun distribution systems, and system design concepts for solar space heating and domestic hot water. Key points include that hydronic systems always seek thermal and hydraulic equilibrium, and that hydraulic separation prevents interference between circulators in different circuits.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER BY FORCE CONVECTION ON ALLUMINIUM...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of heat transfer by forced convection using aluminum casted V-shaped fin arrays. The study compares heat transfer rates of fin arrays without slots to those with slots. Temperature readings were taken at different power inputs and fin inclinations for both types of arrays. Results show that fin arrays with slots had higher average heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers, indicating improved heat transfer performance compared to those without slots. Graphs of experimental data are presented and analyzed.
Similar to Enabling Technology to Lightweight Automobiles - SPE ACCE presentation (20)
The Isoplaten -"Thermal Performance of Electrically Heated Platens" - May 2011Acrolab Ltd.
Acrolab’s Isoplaten (“The Intuitive Platen”) redistributes the energy generated by standard cartridge heaters to give molders rapid thermal recovery and unparalleled and linear temperature distribution along the whole platen surface. Your tools operate with reduced energy demands, produce better quality molded parts and allow you to use faster curing compounds with narrower thermal processing windows.
Uniformly Cure Parts Resulting In Better Quality
• Reduce cycle time• Reduce Thermal Energy Required From Heaters• Energy Cost Savings• Save On Time• Evenly Heat Thermal Sensitive Parts• Eliminate Hot Spots• Reduce Scrap
Acrolab’s Isoplatens provide high levels of thermal stability to press platen applications and can be designed for electric, oil, or steam heating. Integral water cooling lines for fast process temperature changes are available. The standard Isoplaten is electronically heated and has an operating range of ambient to 500°F.
Acrolab engineered bi-level Isoplatens can hold a thermal uniformity of +/- 5°F over 90% of the surface of the Isoplaten. These results allow a substantial
improvement in cycle times, start up times, thermal recovery rates, and improved part quality.
The Isoplaten’s Unique thermal uniformity permits the use of one single zone temperature controller for the entire platen. No special multi-zone controls, heaters, or thermocouples are required.
Extracting Thermal Energy from Composting - Biomass ConversionAcrolab Ltd.
Agrilab Technologies Inc is a member of the Acrolab Group of companies; a privately owned Canadian corporation with head office in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
This article focuses on case study providing details of an innovative technology designed by Agrilab to generate bioenergy from from cattle manure composting/remediation.
Agrilab Technologies Inc. develops, designs, manufactures, and markets heat transfer solutions to rural and agribusiness customers.
Agrilab is focussed on alternative heating and cooling systems that are environmentally friendly, and significantly reduce dependency on fossil fuels.
Acrolab Thermal Management System - Case study thermoset injection moldingAcrolab Ltd.
I have often been asked to provide some examples as to process improvement with the Acrolab thermal management system. Below is an article which was printed some years ago, however it does provide for real data and a definite impact in terms of how Acrolab engineered, manufactured and installed a thermal transfer system which heightened through-put, saved energy and improved quality of the product.
Acrolab Company Presentation 2011 - "Advanced Technology in Thermal Engineering"Acrolab Ltd.
Acrolab updated company presentation c2011
Technology and innovation will ultimately drive economic development. Acrolab as an R&D Mfg Centre seeks partners and programs where we can be an extension to your thermal engineering challenges. Energy moves projects forward and Acrolab Engineering can maximize the optimal thermal footprint of your new project. This is an open invitation from Acrolab to explore how thermal engineering can make a difference in your tooling and manufacturing processes.
Optimal Thermal Management for Molds with the Isosprue Spreader - Thermoset M...Acrolab Ltd.
Acrolab technology: A new presentation for 2011 which outlines the Acrolab thermal management system for tooling. Included is a more detailed overview of the Isosprue spreader, an integrally heated sprue speader part of a total thermal package designed to optimize the molding process, compression and injection.
Advanced Energy Transfer Systems Thermoset MoldingAcrolab Ltd.
Heating injection thermoset molds in a uniform manner to achieve near isothermal mold face conditions is a critical requirement for dimensionally sensitive engineered products.
This presentation will highlight a case study that will address a technologically advanced heating system which provides near isothermal mold face conditions in conjunction with rapid thermal energy throughput.
This system offers faster overall molding cycles,more consistent product performance outcomes,
simplified maintenance and reduced downtime.
Effective Cooling for Molding ThermosplasticsAcrolab Ltd.
This document discusses cooling systems for thermoplastic molds, specifically Acrolab's Isobar® and IsobaffleTM direct and indirect cooling systems. Isobars are passive super-thermal conductors that conduct heat 10,000 times faster than copper. They provide uniform, rapid cooling to molds. Isobars and Isobaffles simplify mold design, improve cooling efficiency, and reduce maintenance costs compared to traditional baffled systems. Acrolab can assist with designing optimized cooling systems using these technologies.
Isoplaten® -- The Intuitive Platen - Advances in heated platen technologyAcrolab Ltd.
This document summarizes a study comparing a traditional electrically heated platen to an Isoplaten for composites manufacturing. Thermographic analysis found that when a heater failed in each platen, the Isoplaten maintained a more uniform temperature across its surface, with a variance of +/-5 degrees Fahrenheit, while the traditional platen varied by +/- 30 degrees. The Isoplaten employs a matrix of two-phase heat exchangers that sense and adjust temperatures to achieve thermal equilibrium and uniformity for benefits such as lower maintenance and more consistent production.
Acrolab - Research & Development - Company OverviewAcrolab Ltd.
Advanced Thermal Energy Research & Development
Thermal Engineering Design Integration & Manufacturing
Thermal Electric Products
Operating since 1945, Acrolab’s head office is located in Windsor, ON with branches in Montreal PQ, Calgary AB and Detroit; MI. Acrolab has a strong global presence with agents worldwide. With its own Advanced Research and Development Lab, Acrolab offers engineered heat transfer and cooling systems, sensors and RTDs (industrial & plastics) and assemblies; process controls; a complete line of heating elements and accessories. Acrolab’s core competencies are research and development in thermal engineering, heat transfer and cooling for composite materials, clean energy research for applications in geothermal, solar, wind, biomass conversion and it offers a full line of thermal products from its manufacturing center.
Acrolab is a thermal engineering company founded in 1948 that develops heatpipe technology products. One such product is the Isomandrel, a filament winding mandrel that uses internal heatpipes to maintain an isothermal temperature profile. The document shows that the Isomandrel provides more uniform heating compared to standard mandrels, with temperature variations of less than 3 degrees Celsius along the entire length as measured through thermal imaging. It also describes how the Isomandrel can be used for induction heating of composites during manufacturing processes.
The Isosprue Spreader for thermoset molding - "Independent heating the sprue"Acrolab Ltd.
The ISOSPRUE™ Spreader is an integrally heated mold component which contains its
own miniature precision thermocouple. This unique integrated thermal mold component
can be heated and controlled to any discrete temperature to assure fast effective curing
of the sprue resulting is shorted cycle times and safer mold cycling.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
5. Heatpipe Features & Benefits
Heatpipes transfer large amounts of thermal energy rapidly.
Heatpipes are intrinsically Isothermal.
Heatpipes redistribute localized energy inputs.
Heatpipes have an Intuitive, remediating response to locally
generated energy deficit and surplus transients. (sinks and
exotherms)
Heatpipes require no electrical power or mechanical
connections.
Heatpipes are sealed systems.
4
7. Current “In Oven”
Cure Challenges and Limitations
The cure sequence usually occurs in a heated
convection oven or radiant energy environment.
Energy is provided to the surface of the
resin/filament composite through the heated
oven atmosphere at low watt density.
A large percentage of energy produced by the
oven is vented and not efficiently utilized.
3
8. Current “In Oven" Filament Winding
Cure Challenges and Limitations
The mandrel is not directly heated.
The mandrel is the last component to be heated.
The cure is initiated at the outside surface of the
winding, sealing the outer surface of the tube
section, trapping gasses and vapour liberated during
the cure cycle.
Trapped gasses and vapours contribute to
delamination and porosity.
3
10. Traditional Mandrel Test Results
Transient Temperature Curves for the Hollow Mandrel
140
Top (2")
Mid (33")
120 Bottom(60")
Delta T (bottom-top)
100
Surface Temp. (deg.F)
80
60
40 Date: Jan. 9, 09
Sand Bath Temp. 350 Deg. F
Heat Transfer Rate: ~12W.
20 Mandrel OD. 1.875".
Mandrel Length: 72".
TC location is the distance from the top.
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time (Min.)
6
11. HPTE Mandrel Test Results
Transient Temperature Curves for the Mandrel-Isobar
260
240
220
200
180
Surface Temperature (deg. F)
160
140
Top (2")
120
Date: Jan. 8, 09
100 Mid (33")
Sand Bath Temp. 350 Deg. F
80 Bottom (62") Heat Transfer Rate: ~210W.
Mandrel OD. 2".
60 Delta T (bottom-top) Mandrel Length: 74".
40 TC location is the distance from the top.
20
0
-20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (Min.) 7
12. HPTE mandrels thermodynamic
features in conventional
oven curing applications
Exposed surfaces of the HPTE mandrel absorb thermal energy
from the oven and transfer it directly to the mandrel.
This absorbed thermal energy is immediately redistributed
throughout the HPTE mandrel.
The redistributed thermal energy results in a dynamically
isothermal mandrel.
The heated isothermal mandrel provides an optimum uniform
cure platform providing thermal energy from I.D. to O.D. of the
tube section.
8
13. HPTE mandrels in convection
oven curing applications
thermodynamic benefits
The mandrel is now thermally uniform. (isothermal) and super
thermally conductive and reactive to the ambient temperatures
within the oven.
Resident energy within the oven is absorbed through the
exposed ends of the mandrel, heating the mandrel directly and
efficiently.
Because both the I.D. and O.D. surfaces of the winding are now
actively heated, the cure cycle time is reduced.
The heated mandrel draws resin to the I.D. of the winding
resulting in a tube section with a homogeneous, resin rich,
nonporous surface on the tube inner diameter.
9
14. HPTE Mandrels
“Out of Oven”
Induction Curing of
Filament Wound Tube
Sections After
Winding
3
15. Induction cure sequence using
a HPTE Mandrel winding and curing a 3” I.D.
Tube section with ½” wall using
carbon fiber epoxy prepreg
14
16. HPTE mandrels in induction
heated “out of oven”curing applications
The induction heating coil is situated proximate to the
mandrel permitting unimpeded mandrel rotation.
Induction heating is relatively instantaneous and intense.
RF energy is invisible to the uncured resin and filament
but fully sensed by the metal mandrel.
Significant thermal energy per unit time can be provided
to the mandrel which then intimately transfers that energy
to the uncured composite resulting in significant energy
efficiencies.
10
17. Testing Cell for Induction heating of
both a HPTE Mandrel
and a Traditional Mandrel
11
18. 3” Standard hollow mandrel:
Thermographic study with induction heat
187.70 ºF
12
19. 3” HTPE mandrel: Thermographic
study with induction heat
183.02 ºF
13
20. Traditional hollow mandrel vs. HTPE mandrel
64” X 3” rotating at 100 RPM and heated by an
induction coil providing 850 Watts
Time lapse video sequences
21. HPTE Mandrels
“Out of Oven”
Induction Curing of
Filament Wound Tube
Sections While
Winding
3
22. Video of a cure while winding sequence using
a HPTE Mandrel winding and curing
a 3” I.D. tube section wound
of carbon fiber epoxy prepreg
15
23. HPTE mandrels in induction
heated “out of oven” curing applications
The mandrel now provides the uncured composite with
100% of the thermal energy requirement. The cure begins
at the mandrel surface and continues through to the tube
section outside diameter.
Curing from the inside diameter to the outside surface
allows volatile vapours generated during the cure
sequence to be liberated to atmosphere reducing porosity.
Resin is drawn to the hottest surface during the cure
resulting in a resin rich non porous I.D.
10
31. Technology providers
for this project
Ameritherm Div of Ambrel Corp, Springfield NY
Induction power supply and coil
Chino Works America, Chicago Illinois
Infrared sensor and process controller
McClean Anderson, Schofield Wisconsin
Filament winding machine and laboratory
TCR Composites, Ogden Utah
Prepreg epoxy filament materials
Acrolab Ltd, Windsor Ontario, Canada
HPTE mandrel
16
32. Thank you
Joseph Ouellette
Director, Advanced Research
& Development
Acrolab Ltd.
Advanced Thermal Engineering /Research and Development
Windsor, Ontario, CANADA
www.acrolab.com