This document is a report on acne vulgaris written by Pradeep Paudel for his third semester of study in the B Pharm program at Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences. It discusses the causes, types, effects and treatments of acne vulgaris. The causes include hormonal changes, inflammation, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Treatments discussed include topical and oral medications as well as laser therapy and surgery. The report emphasizes that acne can have both physical and psychological effects and treatment may take several weeks or months to be effective.
Presentation that will help in understanding the skin, different products, brands, methods in maintaining skin and hair along with the infused water for better health. The second part interestingly explains the 10 steps/ products used in make up. In order to make it more appealing animated and GIFs are used for explaining concepts to the students.
What Is Acne Vulgaris And A Glimpse Into Homeopathic Treatment For AcneWelcome Cure LLP
The face is affected in 99% of cases, the back in 60% and the chest in 15%. Acne vulgaris is very common among teens. Some women who never had acne growing up will have it as an adult, often right before their menstrual periods. If one of your parents had severe acne, you are more likely to have it. Scarring due to acne vulgaris may be permanent and lead to distortion of the face. Homeopathy helps to normalize the hormonal imbalance that is the root cause of this terrifying skin condition. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal.
www.welcomecure.com
Most Common Skin Disorders - Causes and Treatment | Sehat.comSehat.com
Almost everyone might have experienced at one time or the other the horror of dealing with a skin disorder/disease. Irrespective of the age, one can be affected by various skin ailments and if not treated properly the condition may get aggravated.
Presentation that will help in understanding the skin, different products, brands, methods in maintaining skin and hair along with the infused water for better health. The second part interestingly explains the 10 steps/ products used in make up. In order to make it more appealing animated and GIFs are used for explaining concepts to the students.
What Is Acne Vulgaris And A Glimpse Into Homeopathic Treatment For AcneWelcome Cure LLP
The face is affected in 99% of cases, the back in 60% and the chest in 15%. Acne vulgaris is very common among teens. Some women who never had acne growing up will have it as an adult, often right before their menstrual periods. If one of your parents had severe acne, you are more likely to have it. Scarring due to acne vulgaris may be permanent and lead to distortion of the face. Homeopathy helps to normalize the hormonal imbalance that is the root cause of this terrifying skin condition. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal.
www.welcomecure.com
Most Common Skin Disorders - Causes and Treatment | Sehat.comSehat.com
Almost everyone might have experienced at one time or the other the horror of dealing with a skin disorder/disease. Irrespective of the age, one can be affected by various skin ailments and if not treated properly the condition may get aggravated.
what is Acne vulgaris? How to classify your acne? How to chose the best therapeutic agent to treat your acne?
All these questions can be answered with this presentation.
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages
Diabetes is a problem with your body in which glucose level (Sugar level) in blood rise higher than normal. This is also called hyperglycemia. Diabetes affects each and every organ of your body. Learn more about what is diabetes and its types. Get to know its risk factors, its effects on your body, prevention tips and diet tips to reduce diabetes.
Indus Health Plus provides best preventive health checkup packages such as heart checkup, full body checkup packages, fitness checkup, annual corporate checkup, executive checkup, couple checkup and family health checkup at 50% less than market cost with same day reports.
Get avail health checkup packages at https://goo.gl/6nW0re
Call Us: 0-90490-22222
Acne: it's the world's most common skin complaint. And although there are hundreds of acne treatment products, there is no medically-recognized cure for acne
what is Acne vulgaris? How to classify your acne? How to chose the best therapeutic agent to treat your acne?
All these questions can be answered with this presentation.
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages
Diabetes is a problem with your body in which glucose level (Sugar level) in blood rise higher than normal. This is also called hyperglycemia. Diabetes affects each and every organ of your body. Learn more about what is diabetes and its types. Get to know its risk factors, its effects on your body, prevention tips and diet tips to reduce diabetes.
Indus Health Plus provides best preventive health checkup packages such as heart checkup, full body checkup packages, fitness checkup, annual corporate checkup, executive checkup, couple checkup and family health checkup at 50% less than market cost with same day reports.
Get avail health checkup packages at https://goo.gl/6nW0re
Call Us: 0-90490-22222
Acne: it's the world's most common skin complaint. And although there are hundreds of acne treatment products, there is no medically-recognized cure for acne
This literature review sheds new light on how adolescent boys and girls differ in their health and development needs and what implications these differences have for health interventions. The document takes a gender approach and while assessing the gender specific needs of adolescent males, it provides ideas into how to improve the health and development of adolescent boys and girls.
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous units
Acne can present as noninflammatory lesions, inflammatory lesions, or a mixture of both,
affecting mostly the FACE but also the back and chest.
Liposuction Complications and its Management.pptxOsama Moawad
Although many people view it as a simple and benign procedure, it can be associated with significant morbidity, especially large-volume liposuction. Physicians should limit the lipoaspirate to less than 5% of the body weight and treat less than 30% of the body surface in one session. The ideal situation involves a selected patient treated by a well-trained surgeon and anesthesiologist, the team working in a fully equipped, certified, and accredited facility with a well-trained operating room and recovery room staff. Unfortunately, complications can vary from mild postoperative nausea and vomiting to DVT/pulmonary embolism (P.E.) and even death. The onset of complications can be classified into the perioperative period (0–48 h), early postoperative period (days 1–7), and late postoperative period (1 week to 3 months). Major risk factors for developing severe complications are multiple procedures, poor standards of sterility, excessive infiltration and intoxication from lidocaine or adrenaline, excessive removal of fatty tissue with volume depletion in the third space, permissive postoperative discharge, and selection of unfit patients.
Acne is the result of overactive sebaceous glands and excessive keratin production, leading to excessively oily skin that is prone to blackheads and pimples. You cannot change your skin type you cannot stop this process permanently. However, you can control this process and minimise your acne breakout reoccurrence by....
Many people, both sexes, deal with the inconvenience of oily skin. A greasy or shiny appearance is caused by the oil on the skin. Sebaceous or oil glands, which create sebum, a mixture of lipids, are abundant in the skin of the face. Because of this sebum, the skin becomes oily.
cne skin causes can appear on any part of your skin. Acne causes blemishes and bumps on the skin, especially on the face, shoulders, back, neck, chest, and upper arms. When oil and dead skin cells get stuck in hair follicles, it causes inflammation.
There’s no denying the psychological distress that acne skin causes may bring. Confidence and self-esteem can be affected by acne and acne scars, especially if they are located on the face or other highly visible portions of the body.
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats facing us today!
European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD) is part of the UK 5 Year Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2013 to 2018, which focuses on antibiotics and sets out actions to slow the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
This year, to run in line with EAAD; Public Health England has established the Antibiotic Guardian pledge campaign. It calls on everyone in the UK, the public and healthcare community to become antibiotics guardian by choosing one simple pledge about how they will make better use of these vital medicines.
To ensure that the information and knowledge on Antibiotic Stewardship is disseminated to those practising healthcare across the nation, a series of awareness and educational events have been developed. These educational workshop events, to be held in Leeds, Birmingham and London, will provide guidance, resources and information for practitioners on topics associated with antibiotic awareness. The events will provide an opportunity to understand how you and your organisation can support combat the global challenge faced by antibiotic resistance whilst gaining advice, support and resources to inform patients and staff.
Acne vulgaris is the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts as a result of obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). Acne develops on the face and upper trunk. It most often affects adolescents. Diagnosis is by examination.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Acne vulgaris by Pradeep Paudel
1. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Acne vulgaris
Pradeep Paudel
Third Semester, B Pharm
Roll no:18
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Lekhnath, Kaski , Nepal
2. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Topics Under Discussion
• Introduction
• Causes
• Types
• Effects
• Treatments
• Precautions
• Conclusion
• References
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 2
3. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Introduction
• Acne vulgaris is a common human skin disease,
characterized by pimples, comedones (blackheads
and whiteheads), papules, nodules, cysts as a result
of obstruction of pilosebaceous gland.
• Hence, acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit
caused primarily by increased sebum secretion and
follicular plugging.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 3
4. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
• Overproduction of a
normal oil on the skin
called sebum increases
under the influence of
hormones and plugs
hair follicle.
• The plugged follicle
become inflammed and
have increased growth
of normal skin and
results in acne.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 4
6. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
• Acne can affect people of all age groups but is most
prevalent in adolescence and may persist or become
more severe in adulthood.
• Acne most often affects face, but it may also spread
to neck, chest, back and sometimes even more
extensively all over the body.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 6
8. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Causes
Hormonal change
Inflammation and infection
Genetics
Unhealthy life style
Use of low quality and expired cosmetic products
Stressful condition
Abnormal sebum production
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 8
9. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Types of Acne
1. Non-inflammatory lesions
Whiteheads or closed comedones
Blackheads or open comedones
2. Inflammatory lesions
Papules
Nodules
Cysts
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 9
10. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Comedones :
• A comedones is a hair follicle that has become
clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
• Comedones can develop into bumps called
whiteheads and blackheads.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 10
11. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Whiteheads :
• Comedones that stay closed at the surface of the
skin are called whiteheads.
• They are also termed as closed comedones.
• This happen when oil and skin cells prevent a clogged
hair follicle from opening.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 11
12. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Blackheads :
• Blackheads are comedones that are open at the
surface of the skin.
• They are also called as open comedones.
• They are filled with excess oil and dead cells.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 12
13. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Papules :
• Papules are comedones that become inflammed,
forming small red or pink bumps on the skin.
• This type of pimple may be sensitive to the touch.
• Picking or squeezing can make the inflammation
worse and may lead to scarring.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 13
14. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Effects of Acne vulgaris
Physical effects:
Acne Fulminans i.e acne break and causing scarring
Distortion of face
Inflammation
Pigmentation
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 14
15. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
Psychological effects :
Damage one’s self esteem and confidence
Anxity and depression
Social inhibition
Suicidal disposition in extreme cases
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 15
16. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Treatments
Treatment for acne depends on the patient’s age and
sex, the extent and the severity of the acne, how
long it has been present and response to previous
treatments.
Topical (or external) treatments for acne include one
or more creams, washes, or gels that include:
• Antibacterial agents and antibiotics such as benzoyl
peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, sulfur, sodium
sulfacetamide, and azelaic acid.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 16
17. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
Oral treatments may include:
• Antibiotics such as tetracycline, minocycline,
doxycycline, erythromycin, ampicillin, clindamycin,
azithromycin or cephalosporins.
• Oral contraceptives and spironolactone have been
found to help regulate hormones.
• Isotretinoin, a strong drug with many side effects, for
severe acne unresponsive to the above treatments.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 17
18. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
• Treatment for
moderate acne include
acne antibiotics such as
benzoyl peroxide
tetracyclines or anti-
androgens.
• Treatment for severe
acne may require a
course of oral
isotretinoin.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 18
19. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Other treatment methods:
Topical antibiotics:
• Inflammatory papules are often treated with topical
antibiotics.
• Erythromycin and clindamycin are the most
conventional topical antibiotics prescribed.
• Clindamycin is prescribed more often than
erythromycin, as it has maintained better efficacy.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 19
20. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
Hormonal treatment:
• Hormonal treatment of acne is appropriate for
females only. It is geared toward decreasing
androgen levels, the hormone implicated in
stimulation of the sebaceous follicle.
• Combination pills with estrogen and progesteron
that have low androgenic activity should be choosen.
• Response to hormonal treatment can take 3 to 6
months.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 20
21. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
Acne surgery:
• The term "acne surgery" refers to extracting
comedones and draining pustules and cysts.
• Comedones can be easily extracted with the use of a
comedone extractor tool or applying pressure
around the follicular opening with two cotton-tipped
applicators.
• Care must be taken not to cause tissue damage
when performing these procedures.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 21
22. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Contd…
Laser treatment and phototherapy:
• The use of lasers and light therapy for the treatment
of acne is still in the early stages of development.
• The long-term safety and efficacy of light-based
treatments is still need to be clarified.
• However, these treatments are potentially helpful
for individuals who cannot tolerate other acne
regimens or those who have failed conventional
therapeutic treatments.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 22
23. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Precautions
Do not try to break your pimples as it can make them
more worse.
Do not use strong soaps and chemicals on your face.
Do not overexpose your skin to the sun.
Avoid eating too much of junk food and spicy food.
Include food containing vitamins A and E in your diet.
Better avoid choclates, fatty food, fried food,
carbonated and caffeinated beverages or foods.
Drink plenty of water and fruit juice.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 23
24. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
Conclusion
• Acne vulargis is a significant psychological and
financial burden for those affected.
• Although mild acne may improve with over-the-
counter treatments, more severe forms should be
treated by a dermatologist.
• Oral therapies are often necessary in moderate-to-
severe acne cases.
• Patients need to be aware that response to
treatment can take several weeks to months.
25 October 2015 Acne vulgaris 24
25. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
References
Walker BR and Ralston SH (2010)Davidson’s
Principles and Practice of Medicine (21st
Ed.), Elsevier,
Edinburg, pp1267-1268
Medscape. Acne Vulgaris
(
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1069804-overvie
) (Accessed on June27, 2015)
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26. Pokhara University
School of Health and Allied Sciences
“DON’T HIDE YOUR FACE, REVEAL YOUR
BEAUTY WITH CONFIDENCE !”
October 25, 2015 Acne vulgaris 26