Intigunomentary system

1. ACNE VULGARIS
MR. DINESH SINGH
NURSING TUTOR
ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING
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2. OBJECTIVES
• Define the Acne vulgaris.
• Explain the etiological factors of Acne vulgaris.
• Enlist the pathophysiology of Acne vulgaris.
• State the clinical manifestations of Acne vulgaris.
• Elaborate the diagnostic evaluation
• Discuss the management of Acne vulgaris.
• Describe the complications of Acne vulgaris.
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4. DEFINITION
Acne vulgaris is common inflammatory disorder of sebaceous gland (increase
secretion of sebum).
These grease producing glands are under androgen control.
Acne vulgaris is due to obstruction and inflammation of sebaceous glands and
follicles.
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5. ETIOLOGY
• Increase androgen activity
• Hyperactivity of sebaceous glands
• Obstruction in sebaceous duct
• Infection of sebaceous duct
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6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Etiology (excess circulating androgens)
Enlargement and hypersecretion of sebaceous glands
Increased production of sebum
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7. Blockage of opening of sebaceous glands
Promotion of growth of Propionibacterium acnes
Infection of sebaceous glands
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8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• Whiteheads (closed plugged pores)
• Blackheads (open plugged pores)
• Small red, tender bumps (papules)
• Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips
• Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (nodules)
• Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin (cystic lesions)
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10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection
• Physical examination
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11. MANAGEMENT
1. Medical management
• Topical Retinoids and retinoid-like drugs:- Drugs that contain retinoic acids are
often useful for moderate acne. These come as creams, gels and lotions
Example :- Adapalene gel.
• Topical antibiotics:- These work by killing excess skin bacteria and reducing
redness and inflammation.
Example:- Erythromycin gel
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12. • Anti-androgen agents:- The drug spironolactone (Aldactone) may be considered
for women and adolescent girls if oral antibiotics aren't helping. It works by
blocking the effect of androgen hormones on the oil-producing glands.
• Example:- Cyproterone
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13. 2. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Advice patient to wash face with water or oil free face wash 1-2 times/day.
• Do not squeeze, prick the acne.
• Do not scrub the face while washing.
• Do not use excessively oily cosmetics.
• Encourage for balanced diet and avoidance of food believed to acne.
• Inform patient about side effects of systemic antibiotics.
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14. COMPLICATIONS
• Scars:- Pitted skin (acne scars) and thick scars (keloids) can remain long-term
after acne has healed.
• Skin changes:- After acne has cleared, the affected skin may be darker
(hyperpigmented) or lighter (hypopigmented) than before the condition occurred.
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15. REFERENCES
 Brunner and Suddarth’s “textbook of medical-surgical nursing” “10th edition, published by “Suzanne C. Smeltzer
Brenda Bare”.
 PR Ashalatha, G. Deepa “textbook of Anatomy and physiology” Fourth edition” published by “Jaypee Brothers”.
 Linda S. Williams, Paula D. Hopper “textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing” “Third edition” Published by F.A.
Davis 2007.
 Priscilla LeMone, Karen Burke, Gerene Bauldoff “textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing” “Fifth edition”
“published by Julie Levin Alexander”.
 Lewis Dirksen Heitkemper Bucher, textbook of medical surgical nursing second south Asia edition, volume 1.
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