Acid rain is caused by sulfur and nitrogen emissions from burning fossil fuels. It damages forests by removing minerals from soils and leaves, weakening trees. It harms aquatic life and has killed 25% of Nova Scotia's fish. Acid rain also erodes buildings and poses health risks. The worst affected areas are southern Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Preventing further air pollution can help reduce acid rain damage.

1. Acid Rain
Causes, Effects, and “Cures”.

2. Acid Rain
• What is acid rain?
• The main effects of acid rain
• Damages & the areas affected most
• The effects on life & commerce
• Reversal & prevention of damage
• Bibliography & reference

3. What Is Acid Rain?
• Acid gases are
produced when fossil
fuels like coal and oil
are burned in power
stations, factories and
in our own homes.
Most of these acid
gases are blown into
the sky, and when they
mix with the clouds it
can cause rain - or
snow, sleet, fog, mist
or hail - to become
more acidic.

4. Air Pollution
• When we burn fuels,
chemicals called 'sulphur'
and 'nitrogen' are released
into the air. Once in the air,
they mix with water in the air
- rain, snow, etc - and are
transformed into different
chemicals called 'sulphur
dioxide' and 'nitrogen oxides',
which can be very dangerous
for plants, animals and
people. Most of the 'sulphur'
comes from power stations,
which make electricity, and
also from volcanoes. Most of
the 'nitrogen oxides' come
from car and truck exhausts.

5. Acid Rain
• Air pollution can be carried over long distances.
When acid gases are released, they go high up in
the sky, and then they are pushed by strong winds
towards other countries.

6. The Causes
• Air quality problems in most parts of New Brunswick,
Canada and the U.S. Have multiple sources of pollutants.
For example, in respect to nitrogen oxides (a contributor to
acid rain formation), the transportation sector contributes
49% of this pollutant, electric utilities 29% and industry
28%.

7. Where It Comes From
• Sulphur dioxide emissions by contrast are electric utilities
66%, industry 28% and transportation 3%. When it comes
to carbon dioxide (one of the major greenhouse gases
contributing to climate change), the transportation sector
makes up 30%, industry 22% and electric utilities 36%.
Source: Canada/U.S. air quality agreement progress report.

8. Effects On Forests
• Acid rain can have terrible effects on a forest. The acid
takes away important minerals from the leaves and the soil.
• Minerals are like vitamins for trees and plants. Without
them, trees and plants cannot grow properly. They lose their
leaves and become very weak. They are no longer strong
enough to fight against illnesses and frost. They become
very ill and can even die.

9. Effects On Water Life
• Acid rain has a terrible effect on water life. Even
if the acid rain does not fall straight into the lake,
for example, it may enter from rivers and
streams. Some of the life in the lake such as fish
and plants may end up dying, because they cannot
survive in acidic lakes.

10. Effects On Fish
Acid rain and acid snow are posing a major threat to the fish
habitat in Nova Scotia, having already killed one quarter of the
province's freshwater fish population. According to scientists,
another quarter of the population could be wiped out within twenty
years, unless something is done.

11. Effects On Lakes & Rivers
• You can recognize a lake dead from acid rain by its
clean and crystal clear water. But they look clean
because there is very little living in them anymore.
Tiny plants and animals are mostly unable to
survive.

12. Effects On
Humans
Particulates - very small particles of debris found in some of the air
pollution - are one of the main causes of health problems. In towns
and cities, these are released mainly by diesel engines from cars and
trucks.
When we breathe in air pollution, these very fine particulates can
easily enter our body, where they can cause breathing problems, and
over time even cause cancer.
The water we drink from taps can be contaminated by acid rain,
which can damage the brain.

13. Effects On
Buildings
Acid rain can also ruin buildings because the acid eats into metal and
stone. It also damages stained glass and plastics. Some types of building
materials are softer than others, and it is the softer ones which are most
affected by acid rain. Sandstone and limestone are examples of stone
which are fairly soft and are damaged easily. Granite is an example of a
harder stone that can resist the effects of acid rain.
Buildings are naturally eroded by rain, wind, frost and the sun, but when
acidic gases are present, it speeds up the erosion.

14. Effects On Commerce
• Across Ontario and Quebec, maple syrup
producers are saying that acid rain is killing
their trees and their industry. The Ontario
Ministry of Environment is on the trail, trying
to prove conclusively that acid rain causes
damage to vegetation and forestry. This is the
first terrestrial study of acid rain, though
reports of its suspected effects were published
four years ago.

15. Areas Of Worst Effect
• Without further controls beyond those identified in the
1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement, areas of
southern and central Ontario, southern and central Quebec,
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia would continue to
receive a mean annual sulphate deposition amount that
exceeds their critical loads.

16. THE END
• THANK YOU
• Submitted by: chasper jade padrigo