Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides reacting with water in the atmosphere. It can harm plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure by having a low pH. It impacts the environment through loss of fish in sensitive lakes and streams, eliminating insect life and fish species. Prevention methods include vehicle emission controls, fluidized bed combustion in power plants, and wet scrubbers that inject limestone to remove sulfur dioxide from smokestack gases.

1. ACID RAIN
SHAHID EQUABAL
B.SC(HONS)AGRICULTURE

2. CONTENTS:
What is Acid rain ?
Causes
Impact
Prevention
Glossary

3. WHAT IS ACID RAIN ?
Rainfall made sufficiently acidic by
atmospheric pollution causing environmental
harm , typically to forests and lakes.
i.e it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen
ions (low pH) .It can have harmful effects on
plants ,aquatic animals, and infrastructure

5. CAUSES
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide ,which react with
the water molecules in the atmosphere to
produce acids.
Nitrogen oxide can also be produced naturally
by lighting strikes and sulfur dioxide is
produce by volcanic eruptions.
The chemicals in acids can cause paint to
peel, corrosion of steel structures and erosion
of stone statues.

9. IMPACT
Increased amount of nitrous oxide & Sulphur
dioxide in the air do contribute to heart and
lungs problems including asthma and
bronchitis.
The environmental effect of acid rain has
been the loss of fish in acid sensitive lakes
and streams . Acid has eliminated insect life
and some fish species, including the rook
trout and creeks in some ,lakes streams etc.

11. At pH lower than 5 most fish eggs will
not hatch and lower pH can kill adult fish
.It reduces the alkalinity and increases
the acidity of the water.
Chronic acidification may reduce the
levels of nutrients such as calcium
,which may weaken the fish and other
plants
Acid rain may remove soil nutrients
such as calcium and magnesium from
soils in high elevation forests . In spring
when the snow melts ,it will be more
acidic than normal.

14. PREVENTIONS
 Vehicle emission control reduces emission of
nitrogen oxide from motor vehicles.
 Fluidized bed combustion also reduces the amount
of sulfur emitted b power production.
 A wet scrubber is basically a reaction tower
equipped with a fan tat extracts hot smoke stack
gases from a power plant into the tower.
 Lime or limestone n slurry from is also injected into
the tower to mix with the stack gases and combine
with the sulfur dioxide present

15. WET SCRUBBER

17. GLOSSARY
ACID RAIN :SULFUR DIOXIDE + WATER
Acid rain react with metals and rocks such as
limestone .Building and statues are damaged as a
result .Acid rain damages the waxy layer on the
leaves of trees and makes it more difficult for trees to
absorb the minerals they need for healthy growth
.They a die as a result .Acid rain also makes rivers
and lakes too acidic for some aquatic life to
survive……..

18. THANK YOU