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Acid Rain



Acid rain is basically rain that has a higher than normal
acid level (low pH).
Causes of Acid Rain
• Burning coal. Oil and natural
  gas in power stations makes
  electricity, giving off sulphur
  dioxide gas.
• Burning petrol and oil in
  vehicle engines gives off
  nitrogen oxides as gases.
• These gases mix with water
  vapour and rainwater in the
  atmosphere producing weak
  solutions of sulphuric and
  nitric acids – which fall as
  acid rain.
The Problem!
People probably couldn't live without
electricity! Therefore coal will continue to be burnt.
Also, electricity and energy are constantly
being overused.

Think of it this way: every time you turn on a
light switch or the television set without really
needing to, you're indirectly contributing to the acid
rain problem.
More problems!!!
• Acid rain can travel long distances.

• Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is
  produced. High chimneys disperse
  (spread) the gases and winds blow
  them great distances before they
  dissolve and fall to Earth as rain.

• Eg gases produced in England and
  Western Europe can result in acid
  rain in Scotland and Scandinavia.
How Acid Rain Affects The
           Environment
Acid rain is an extremely destructive
form of pollution, and the
environment suffers from its effects.
Forests, trees, lakes, animals, and
plants suffer from acid rain.
Trees
The needles and leaves of the trees
turn brown and fall off.
Trees can also suffer from stunted
growth; and have damaged bark
and leaves, which makes them
vulnerable to weather, disease, and
insects.
All of this happens partly
because of direct contact
between trees and acid rain,
but it also happens when
trees absorb soil that has
come into contact with acid
rain.
The soil poisons the tree
with toxic substances that
the rain has deposited into
it.
Lakes are also damaged by acid rain. Fish die off, and
that removes the main source of food for birds. Acid rain
can even kill fish before they are born when the eggs are
laid and come into contact with the acid.

Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is
high; when the acid level is lower, they can become sick,
suffer stunted growth, or lose their ability to reproduce.

Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.
Buildings
Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings
(especially those made out of sandstone or limestone).
It reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery
substance that can be washed away by rain.
Transport
Currently, both the railway industry and the aeroplane
industry are having to spend a lot of money to repair the
corrosive damage done by acid rain. Also, bridges have
collapsed in the past due to acid rain corrosion.
Humans
Humans can become seriously ill,
and can even die from the effects of
acid rain. One of the major
problems that acid rain can cause in
a human being is respiratory
problems.

Many can find it difficult to breathe,
especially people who have
asthma. Asthma, along with dry
coughs, headaches, and throat
irritations can be caused by the
sulphur dioxides and nitrogen
oxides from acid rain.
Acid rain can be absorbed by both plants (through soil
and/or direct contact) and animals (from things they eat and/
or direct contact). When humans eat these plants or
animals, the toxins inside of their meals can affect them.
Brain damage, kidney problems, and Alzheimer's disease
has been linked to people eating "toxic" animals/plants.
Research carried out in North
America in 1982, revealed that
sulphur pollution killed 51,000 people
and about 200,000 people become ill
as a result of the pollution.
What are
   the
solutions
 to acid
  rain?
Solutions
• 1. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power
  stations chimneys but this process is expensive.
• 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use
- turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on
  standby.
- turn off lights when a room is not in use.
• 3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar
  panels, tidal power, HEP schemes and
  geothermal energy.
• 4. Fit catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts
  which remove the nitrogen oxides.
• 5. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and
  increase public transport.

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Acid rain (4)

  • 1. Acid Rain Acid rain is basically rain that has a higher than normal acid level (low pH).
  • 2. Causes of Acid Rain • Burning coal. Oil and natural gas in power stations makes electricity, giving off sulphur dioxide gas. • Burning petrol and oil in vehicle engines gives off nitrogen oxides as gases. • These gases mix with water vapour and rainwater in the atmosphere producing weak solutions of sulphuric and nitric acids – which fall as acid rain.
  • 3. The Problem! People probably couldn't live without electricity! Therefore coal will continue to be burnt. Also, electricity and energy are constantly being overused. Think of it this way: every time you turn on a light switch or the television set without really needing to, you're indirectly contributing to the acid rain problem.
  • 4. More problems!!! • Acid rain can travel long distances. • Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is produced. High chimneys disperse (spread) the gases and winds blow them great distances before they dissolve and fall to Earth as rain. • Eg gases produced in England and Western Europe can result in acid rain in Scotland and Scandinavia.
  • 5. How Acid Rain Affects The Environment Acid rain is an extremely destructive form of pollution, and the environment suffers from its effects. Forests, trees, lakes, animals, and plants suffer from acid rain. Trees The needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off. Trees can also suffer from stunted growth; and have damaged bark and leaves, which makes them vulnerable to weather, disease, and insects.
  • 6. All of this happens partly because of direct contact between trees and acid rain, but it also happens when trees absorb soil that has come into contact with acid rain. The soil poisons the tree with toxic substances that the rain has deposited into it.
  • 7. Lakes are also damaged by acid rain. Fish die off, and that removes the main source of food for birds. Acid rain can even kill fish before they are born when the eggs are laid and come into contact with the acid. Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high; when the acid level is lower, they can become sick, suffer stunted growth, or lose their ability to reproduce. Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.
  • 8. Buildings Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings (especially those made out of sandstone or limestone). It reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery substance that can be washed away by rain.
  • 9. Transport Currently, both the railway industry and the aeroplane industry are having to spend a lot of money to repair the corrosive damage done by acid rain. Also, bridges have collapsed in the past due to acid rain corrosion.
  • 10. Humans Humans can become seriously ill, and can even die from the effects of acid rain. One of the major problems that acid rain can cause in a human being is respiratory problems. Many can find it difficult to breathe, especially people who have asthma. Asthma, along with dry coughs, headaches, and throat irritations can be caused by the sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides from acid rain.
  • 11. Acid rain can be absorbed by both plants (through soil and/or direct contact) and animals (from things they eat and/ or direct contact). When humans eat these plants or animals, the toxins inside of their meals can affect them. Brain damage, kidney problems, and Alzheimer's disease has been linked to people eating "toxic" animals/plants.
  • 12. Research carried out in North America in 1982, revealed that sulphur pollution killed 51,000 people and about 200,000 people become ill as a result of the pollution.
  • 13. What are the solutions to acid rain?
  • 14. Solutions • 1. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power stations chimneys but this process is expensive. • 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use - turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on standby. - turn off lights when a room is not in use. • 3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar panels, tidal power, HEP schemes and geothermal energy. • 4. Fit catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts which remove the nitrogen oxides. • 5. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase public transport.