The document discusses mental health and adjustment. It defines phobias and lists examples. It describes a mentally healthy individual as well-adjusted to their environment and able to cope with stresses. Deterrents to adjustment include stresses like anxiety and frustration. The document outlines different types of conflicts and ways people cope with deterrents, including defensive coping methods like withdrawal, aggression, and compromise, as well as direct coping like objective analysis.

1. Achieving Mental Health

2. Activity: Would you rather live a long unhealthy life or short healthy one? Questions: Define the following. 1. How short is a short life? 2. How unhealthy is unhealthy?

3. Phobia is an irrational fear of specific people, places, thoughts or things. The following are few examples of phobias: Acrophobia – fear of heights Agoraphobia – fear of open places Ailurophobia – fear of cats Algophobia – fear of pain Claustrophobia - fear of closed space Hematophobia - fear of blood Mysophobia - fear of dirt, germs, contamination Nyctophobia- fear of night, darkness Pyrophobia- fear of fire Xenophobia - fear of strangers Zoophobioa - fear of animals

4. Androphobia - fear of men Astraphobia - fear of thunder and lightning Autophobia - fear of being alone , self Cynophobia - fear of dogs, rabies Demophobia - fear of crowds Dromophobia - fear of crossing streets Genophobia - fear of sex Gynophobia- fear of women Haptophobia- fear of being touched Hydrophobia- fear of water Musophobia- fear of mice Neophobia - fear of new

5. Ophidiophobia - fear of snakes Photophobia- fear of light Sitophobia- fear of eating, food Taphephobia- fear of being buried alive Thanatophobia- fear of death Toxicophobia- fear of poisons

7. Mentally healthy individual as one who is well adjusted to the complexities and demand of his environment. Which he faced in the form of stresses, emotional and physical disorders, economic wants, spiritual impoverishment, and social upheavals. The average individual tries to solve all these by continuous efforts of adjustment.

8. Adjustment is a continuous process of attempting to over come these inner and outer obstacles for the satisfaction of physiological, psychological and social needs.

9. Deterrents to Adjustment 1. stresses- when the pressure or conflict is great enough to cause us to use biological mental emotional and behavioral energy than we normally use. Associated with specific threatening situation. A. anxiety – a complex motivational stress that can be aroused whenever a person is threatened with extremely dreadful events. Feeling of fear that occurs for no apparent reason. B. Frustration – can be used in 2 ways 1. a state resulting when an obstacle or barriers prevents or blocks the satisfaction or desire, need, goal, expectation or action. 2. a situation block or conflict.

10. Kinds of Conflict Approach-approach - a person comes easily attracted to 2 positive goals. Avoidance – avoidance conflict – when a person is forced to choose between two or more undesirable goals, objects, actions. Approach – avoidance – when a single goal entails both positive and negative features.

11. resolving Resolving Deterrents to Adjustment: Coping Behavior 1.Defensive Coping – involves physical or mental reactions to traumatic situations. A. Withdrawal Reactions – ( running away from threatening situations) 1. Fantasy - ( day dreaming or wishful thinking)

12. 2. Repression – exclusion of anxiety-arousing motives. 3. Regression - a person confronts threat or anxiety by returning to an early stage of behavior. 4. Nomadism – a person continually wanders from place to place or situation in his attempt to get away from a frustration condition.

13. 5. Reaction Formation – a process of denial where the individual’s own desirable and unacceptable impulses are countered by an opposite characteristic which is often highly exaggerated.

14. B. Aggressive Reaction – individuals react by attacking either obstacles blocking him or substitute obstacle. 1. Displaced aggression – a person is transfer and directs his aggressive behavior against himself or some person or object causing the frustration.

15. 2.Scapegoating – a person who blames another person or object directly for his own fault. 3. Free- floating anger – a prolonged reaction of extreme anger in which hostility becomes so generalized.

16. 4. Suicide – 5. Projection – a person assigns his own undesirable characteristics, problems, impulses, desires to others to reduce his own anxiety.

17. C. Compromise Reaction – the lowering of one’s level of aspiration or acceptance of a substitute goal for one that is desired. 1. Sublimation – compromise reaction to frustration in which urges that are at least partly biological are turned or altered by the pursuit of socially approved behavior

18. 2. Compensation and overcompensation – a person attempts to overcome what he feels are personal limitations by emphasizing the desirable ones. 3. Intellectualization – individual attempts to bare his problem of painful feelings by pushing them into the realm of intellectual through rationalization, isolation.

19. 4 .Rationalization – a person uses logical explanation to justify behavior which might result in loss of social approval and self esteem. 2 forms of rationalization 1. sour-grape mechanism 2. sweet – lemon mechanism

20. 5. Isolation – a person avoids conflicts between 2 opposing desires or attitudes by keeping them apart of in consciousness. 6. Undoing – a form of intellectualization in which individual divests himself of painful feelings by making use of cleansing ritual after doing something which causes him to feel guilty.

21. 7. Direct Coping – involves meeting the challenges or barriers head on. Forms of direct coping: 1. making an objective analysis of what the problem is. 2. giving a clear statement of how things might be better. A precise description of what the ultimate goal or adjustment would be.

22. 3. making psychological reading or list of new approaches to life hat you might take to reach the goal.

23. 1. Avoid stress, anxieties and frustrations. 2.Recognized abd accept your shortcomings. 3. Remember that nobody is perfect 4. Keep busy in constructive work. 5. develop confidence. 6. learn to accept responsibilities and contribute gladly what you can do to make others happy. 7. learn to keep your mouth shut if you have nothing good to say.