The document discusses account hijacking, which is when a hacker gains unauthorized access to someone's online account, such as email, social media, etc. It describes how hackers can hijack accounts by stealing login credentials or exploiting vulnerabilities. It provides tips for protecting accounts, such as using strong and unique passwords, changing passwords regularly, and being wary of phishing attempts that try to steal login information. If an account is hijacked, it advises immediately contacting friends to warn them, and the service provider to regain control of the account.
Multiple access techniques for wireless communicationDr.Umadevi V
This document discusses multiple access techniques for wireless communication. It begins with an introduction to how multiple access schemes allow efficient sharing of limited radio spectrum among multiple users. It then provides a brief history of wireless communication and pioneers. The document goes on to explain various multiple access techniques in detail including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, and CSMA. It describes their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Forward and reverse link power control in CDMA is also summarized.
This document discusses multiple access techniques in wireless communication. It describes several techniques including Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). It also covers packet radio access methods like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). Each technique allows multiple users to share wireless spectrum resources simultaneously through dividing access in frequency, time, code, or space dimensions.
1. Prioritizing handoffs over new call requests reduces the rate of handoff failures, which is desirable from the user's perspective.
2. There are two main methods for prioritizing handoffs - using guard channels that are reserved exclusively for handoff requests, and queuing handoff requests to be served before new calls.
3. The guard channel method reserves a fraction of available channels for handoffs, reducing the number of required guard channels and offering more efficient spectrum utilization. However, it has the disadvantage of reducing total carried traffic. Queuing handoff requests puts them in a queue to be served first on a first-come, first-served basis, reducing failed handoffs but also reducing
This document discusses spectrum management. It begins by introducing radio spectrum and its importance for various applications. It then discusses trends driving increased spectrum demand, such as growth in mobile services and new technologies. This has placed pressure on regulators to balance competing spectrum needs. The document outlines the international, regional, and national frameworks for spectrum management, including the roles of the International Telecommunication Union and national regulatory administrations in allocating and assigning spectrum licenses. The objectives of spectrum management are to achieve technical and economic efficiencies while also meeting public policy goals.
This document provides an overview of wireless communications and mobile technologies. It discusses early wireless technologies from the 1860s through the development of 1G analog cellular networks in the 1980s using technologies like AMPS. 2G digital cellular networks from the 1990s are described that used standards like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. 2.5G technologies from the early 2000s like GPRS that added packet data capabilities to GSM networks are also summarized. The document covers wireless characteristics, degrees of mobility, wireless network architectures, and comparisons of standards and their data rates.
Mobile computing allows for anytime, anywhere computing through portable devices that can access wireless networks. However, mobile computing faces several challenges compared to traditional distributed systems, including resource scarcity due to limitations of mobile devices, variable connectivity, bandwidth and interfaces, and increased security vulnerabilities. These issues must be addressed through systems that can adapt to varying resources and environmental conditions, handle intermittent connectivity and mobility across domains, and maintain scalability.
Lecture 2 evolution of mobile cellular Chandra Meena
This document provides an overview of mobile and ad hoc networks. It discusses the evolution of cellular networks from early radio communication systems through modern generations like 5G. Key topics covered include the fundamentals of wireless technologies, radio propagation mechanisms, characteristics of the wireless channel, and cellular network components and terminology. Generations of cellular standards are defined, including 1G analog networks like AMPS, 2G digital networks like GSM that enabled data services, and subsequent generations with improved capabilities.
Multiple access techniques for wireless communicationDr.Umadevi V
This document discusses multiple access techniques for wireless communication. It begins with an introduction to how multiple access schemes allow efficient sharing of limited radio spectrum among multiple users. It then provides a brief history of wireless communication and pioneers. The document goes on to explain various multiple access techniques in detail including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, and CSMA. It describes their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Forward and reverse link power control in CDMA is also summarized.
This document discusses multiple access techniques in wireless communication. It describes several techniques including Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). It also covers packet radio access methods like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). Each technique allows multiple users to share wireless spectrum resources simultaneously through dividing access in frequency, time, code, or space dimensions.
1. Prioritizing handoffs over new call requests reduces the rate of handoff failures, which is desirable from the user's perspective.
2. There are two main methods for prioritizing handoffs - using guard channels that are reserved exclusively for handoff requests, and queuing handoff requests to be served before new calls.
3. The guard channel method reserves a fraction of available channels for handoffs, reducing the number of required guard channels and offering more efficient spectrum utilization. However, it has the disadvantage of reducing total carried traffic. Queuing handoff requests puts them in a queue to be served first on a first-come, first-served basis, reducing failed handoffs but also reducing
This document discusses spectrum management. It begins by introducing radio spectrum and its importance for various applications. It then discusses trends driving increased spectrum demand, such as growth in mobile services and new technologies. This has placed pressure on regulators to balance competing spectrum needs. The document outlines the international, regional, and national frameworks for spectrum management, including the roles of the International Telecommunication Union and national regulatory administrations in allocating and assigning spectrum licenses. The objectives of spectrum management are to achieve technical and economic efficiencies while also meeting public policy goals.
This document provides an overview of wireless communications and mobile technologies. It discusses early wireless technologies from the 1860s through the development of 1G analog cellular networks in the 1980s using technologies like AMPS. 2G digital cellular networks from the 1990s are described that used standards like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. 2.5G technologies from the early 2000s like GPRS that added packet data capabilities to GSM networks are also summarized. The document covers wireless characteristics, degrees of mobility, wireless network architectures, and comparisons of standards and their data rates.
Mobile computing allows for anytime, anywhere computing through portable devices that can access wireless networks. However, mobile computing faces several challenges compared to traditional distributed systems, including resource scarcity due to limitations of mobile devices, variable connectivity, bandwidth and interfaces, and increased security vulnerabilities. These issues must be addressed through systems that can adapt to varying resources and environmental conditions, handle intermittent connectivity and mobility across domains, and maintain scalability.
Lecture 2 evolution of mobile cellular Chandra Meena
This document provides an overview of mobile and ad hoc networks. It discusses the evolution of cellular networks from early radio communication systems through modern generations like 5G. Key topics covered include the fundamentals of wireless technologies, radio propagation mechanisms, characteristics of the wireless channel, and cellular network components and terminology. Generations of cellular standards are defined, including 1G analog networks like AMPS, 2G digital networks like GSM that enabled data services, and subsequent generations with improved capabilities.
UNIT I
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Cellular systems- Frequency Management and Channel Assignment- types of handoff and their characteristics, dropped call rates & their evaluation -MAC – SDMA – FDMA –TDMA – CDMA – Cellular Wireless Networks
This document discusses space division multiplexing (SDM), a new technique for fiber optic communication that increases transmission capacity. SDM utilizes unused space within the core or additional fiber cores to establish independent transmission channels. There are two main SDM strategies: multi-core fiber which has multiple cores embedded in the cladding, and multi-mode fiber which supports propagation of multiple independent modes within a single core. SDM provides significant advantages like high scalability and the ability to achieve terabit per second throughput. When combined with software defined networking, SDM networks also enable efficient infrastructure utilization and flexible bandwidth provisioning. However, SDM also faces challenges like crosstalk between cores and high insertion losses.
Interference occurs when signals from one wireless channel leak into another, degrading performance. Adjacent channel interference specifically refers to interference between neighboring frequency bands. It results from imperfect receiver filters allowing nearby frequencies to blend together. This causes distorted transmissions, dropped calls, and reduced throughput. Interference can be minimized by carefully assigning non-adjacent channels to different cells and using adequate filtering to separate signals.
Handovers, also called handoffs, allow mobile users to maintain connectivity as they move between different cells. They involve transferring control of a call or data session from one cell to another. There are different types of handovers in GSM including intra-BTS, inter-BTS intra-BSC, inter-BSC, and inter-MSC handovers. Factors like transmitted power, received power, area and shape of cells, and user mobility affect the handover process.
1. This document describes the call setup process for a GSM originating call made from a mobile user to a landline subscriber.
2. It involves establishing a radio resource connection between the mobile station and base station, authenticating and ciphering the connection, and setting up the voice channel and call.
3. The key steps are radio channel allocation, call signaling transmission to the mobile switching center, routing the call to the public switched telephone network, alerting and connecting the called party, and releasing the call resources on completion.
The document discusses key concepts in cellular network design including:
1) The cellular concept divides a large service area into smaller cells served by low-power base stations to improve capacity compared to single transmitter systems.
2) Frequency reuse planning involves assigning different channel groups to neighboring cells to minimize interference while maximizing frequency reuse.
3) Handoff strategies are used to transfer calls between cells as users move, and guard channels and queuing can help reduce dropped calls.
4) Techniques like cell splitting, sectoring, and smaller cell zones can help improve coverage and capacity in congested areas without requiring additional spectrum.
This document discusses handoff management in wireless networks. It covers handoff basics, detection, assignment and examples of handoff in GSM networks. It also discusses handoff requirements and goals such as latency, scalability and quality of service. Advanced issues covered include handoff failure, different types of radio link transfers during handoff, and differences between hard and soft handoff.
This document provides an overview of wireless and mobile network architectures, including personal communication services (PCS). It discusses several cellular and cordless systems such as AMPS, GSM, IS-136, IS-95, DECT, PHS, and PACS. These systems use different multiple access techniques and spectrum to provide voice and data services connected to the public switched telephone network. The document also introduces third generation wireless systems that aim to support higher speeds and multimedia services.
This document discusses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless communication technology. It provides an overview of CDMA, including that it uses unique digital codes to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. The document also covers CDMA specifications and standards like IS-95, as well as comparing CDMA to other multiple access technologies like TDMA and FDMA. It addresses topics such as the near-far problem and how CDMA provides advantages like increased network capacity but also challenges like potential self-interference.
N-degree ROADM Architecture Comparison: Broadcast-and-Select vs Route-and-SelectADVA
The document compares the Broadcast-and-Select and Route-and-Select architectures for N-degree ROADM nodes in 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission systems. It finds that Broadcast-and-Select has slightly lower penalties than Route-and-Select for N=4 and 9 due to less passband narrowing accumulation, but Route-and-Select has better isolation and fixed insertion loss. For larger N, Route-and-Select is preferable to mitigate higher potential crosstalk. Experimental results validated the predicted penalties from combined passband and isolation degradation analysis.
This document discusses fixed mobile convergence (FMC), which allows seamless experience across devices and networks through a single number and bill. Key points:
- FMC connects wireless to wireline networks, allowing calls on any device to be billed the same.
- Enabling technologies include SIP for call setup, IMS to allow real-time apps across networks, and UMA for switching between cellular and WiFi networks.
- Case studies show BT Fusion, the first FMC service, and Reliance's OneOffice Duo service for corporate networks across mobile and landlines.
- Challenges include number plans, directory services, and availability of dual-mode handsets, but FMC benefits customers
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a digital modulation technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. It has become popular for digital communication systems due to its ability to mitigate multi-path interference through the use of a guard interval between symbols. OFDM allows for high bandwidth efficiency by overlapping subcarriers and its implementation has been enabled by advances in DFT and LSI technology.
This document discusses GSM bands and frame structure. It describes the basic GSM bands of 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz. It then explains the overall frame structure in GSM and the different types of bursts used - frequency correction burst, synchronization burst, access burst, normal burst and dummy burst. It also discusses the structure of multi-frames in GSM. Finally, it covers the topics of interference in GSM networks, the sources and types of interference including co-channel and adjacent channel interference.
The document discusses Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. It describes the issues driving changes to local area networks, including supporting different types of traffic like voice, video, and data. It then provides details on the ATM standard and conceptual model, including its connection-oriented nature and use of virtual paths and channels. The document also examines the ATM protocol architecture, including the different ATM adaptation layers used to package data for transmission over ATM networks.
The document provides details on WCDMA, including:
- WCDMA has two modes - FDD and TDD, characterized by duplex method. The chip rate is 3.84 Mcps.
- Spreading factors range from 256 to 4 in the uplink and from 512 to 4 in the downlink, allowing variable symbol rates. OVSF codes are used for channelization and Gold codes are used for cell/user separation.
- Modulation is QPSK. Carrier spacing can vary from 4.2 to 5.4 MHz. Larger spacing is used between operators to avoid interference.
This document provides an overview of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques. It defines AMC as adapting transmission parameters like modulation and coding based on constantly monitoring channel conditions. The goals of AMC are to improve efficiency, maximize throughput under different conditions, and guarantee high data transfer rates even during poor channel quality. It provides block diagrams of AMC systems and discusses current implementations in technologies like EGPRS and GPRS. The document also covers advantages like overcoming interference and fading, challenges like sensitivity to errors, and concludes that AMC improves throughput and range for wireless technologies.
Topics covered in this presentation:
1. RF spectrum and GSM specifications
2. FDMA and TDMA
3. Digital Voice Transmission
4. Channel coding, Interleaving and Burst formatting
5. GMSK
6. Frame structure of GSM
7. Corrective actions against multipath fading
The document outlines different multiple access mechanisms for data link layers, including random access, controlled access, and channelization. It then describes the sublayers of the data link layer and various random access protocols like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, and CSMA/CA. It provides details on how each protocol handles channel access and collisions.
This document provides an introduction to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. It outlines the standard's architecture including components like stations, basic service sets, extended service sets, and access points. It describes the medium access control sublayer which uses distributed coordination function and point coordination function to provide reliable data delivery and fair medium sharing. It also briefly discusses the physical layer and typical wireless LAN products.
eMBMS is evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services that allows efficient one-to-many transmission of common content over LTE networks. It uses simulcast transmission from multiple cells within an MBSFN area that appears as a single transmission to users. eMBMS leverages the LTE infrastructure for cost-effective delivery of live video/audio streaming, file downloads and other multimedia broadcasts to a large audience. It provides throughput as high as 17Mbps using 10MHz of shared LTE spectrum for both unicast and broadcast traffic.
Fraud related to plastic currencies is increasing as their usage rises. There are many types of plastic currency fraud, including application fraud where a fraudulent person obtains a cardholder's information, forgery where a stolen card's information is changed, and selling charge slips from cancelled transactions. Forensic analysis is important for investigating plastic currency fraud through physical and instrumental examination. Various prevention methods can also help reduce fraud, such as signing cards, reporting loss/theft, and being wary of sharing personal details. Legislation in India regarding plastic currencies includes the Indian Penal Code, Negotiable Instruments Act, and Information Technology Act.
- Julian Assange was arrested in London in relation to Wikileaks releasing classified documents
- Hacking group Anonymous launched cyberattacks on organizations that cut ties with Wikileaks like Mastercard, Paypal, and Visa
- A Pakistani company used Wikileaks in an advertising campaign promoting sanitary pads
- A 419 scam email was spreading offering to convert "black coated dollar to white dollar" through chemical treatments
UNIT I
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Cellular systems- Frequency Management and Channel Assignment- types of handoff and their characteristics, dropped call rates & their evaluation -MAC – SDMA – FDMA –TDMA – CDMA – Cellular Wireless Networks
This document discusses space division multiplexing (SDM), a new technique for fiber optic communication that increases transmission capacity. SDM utilizes unused space within the core or additional fiber cores to establish independent transmission channels. There are two main SDM strategies: multi-core fiber which has multiple cores embedded in the cladding, and multi-mode fiber which supports propagation of multiple independent modes within a single core. SDM provides significant advantages like high scalability and the ability to achieve terabit per second throughput. When combined with software defined networking, SDM networks also enable efficient infrastructure utilization and flexible bandwidth provisioning. However, SDM also faces challenges like crosstalk between cores and high insertion losses.
Interference occurs when signals from one wireless channel leak into another, degrading performance. Adjacent channel interference specifically refers to interference between neighboring frequency bands. It results from imperfect receiver filters allowing nearby frequencies to blend together. This causes distorted transmissions, dropped calls, and reduced throughput. Interference can be minimized by carefully assigning non-adjacent channels to different cells and using adequate filtering to separate signals.
Handovers, also called handoffs, allow mobile users to maintain connectivity as they move between different cells. They involve transferring control of a call or data session from one cell to another. There are different types of handovers in GSM including intra-BTS, inter-BTS intra-BSC, inter-BSC, and inter-MSC handovers. Factors like transmitted power, received power, area and shape of cells, and user mobility affect the handover process.
1. This document describes the call setup process for a GSM originating call made from a mobile user to a landline subscriber.
2. It involves establishing a radio resource connection between the mobile station and base station, authenticating and ciphering the connection, and setting up the voice channel and call.
3. The key steps are radio channel allocation, call signaling transmission to the mobile switching center, routing the call to the public switched telephone network, alerting and connecting the called party, and releasing the call resources on completion.
The document discusses key concepts in cellular network design including:
1) The cellular concept divides a large service area into smaller cells served by low-power base stations to improve capacity compared to single transmitter systems.
2) Frequency reuse planning involves assigning different channel groups to neighboring cells to minimize interference while maximizing frequency reuse.
3) Handoff strategies are used to transfer calls between cells as users move, and guard channels and queuing can help reduce dropped calls.
4) Techniques like cell splitting, sectoring, and smaller cell zones can help improve coverage and capacity in congested areas without requiring additional spectrum.
This document discusses handoff management in wireless networks. It covers handoff basics, detection, assignment and examples of handoff in GSM networks. It also discusses handoff requirements and goals such as latency, scalability and quality of service. Advanced issues covered include handoff failure, different types of radio link transfers during handoff, and differences between hard and soft handoff.
This document provides an overview of wireless and mobile network architectures, including personal communication services (PCS). It discusses several cellular and cordless systems such as AMPS, GSM, IS-136, IS-95, DECT, PHS, and PACS. These systems use different multiple access techniques and spectrum to provide voice and data services connected to the public switched telephone network. The document also introduces third generation wireless systems that aim to support higher speeds and multimedia services.
This document discusses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless communication technology. It provides an overview of CDMA, including that it uses unique digital codes to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. The document also covers CDMA specifications and standards like IS-95, as well as comparing CDMA to other multiple access technologies like TDMA and FDMA. It addresses topics such as the near-far problem and how CDMA provides advantages like increased network capacity but also challenges like potential self-interference.
N-degree ROADM Architecture Comparison: Broadcast-and-Select vs Route-and-SelectADVA
The document compares the Broadcast-and-Select and Route-and-Select architectures for N-degree ROADM nodes in 120 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission systems. It finds that Broadcast-and-Select has slightly lower penalties than Route-and-Select for N=4 and 9 due to less passband narrowing accumulation, but Route-and-Select has better isolation and fixed insertion loss. For larger N, Route-and-Select is preferable to mitigate higher potential crosstalk. Experimental results validated the predicted penalties from combined passband and isolation degradation analysis.
This document discusses fixed mobile convergence (FMC), which allows seamless experience across devices and networks through a single number and bill. Key points:
- FMC connects wireless to wireline networks, allowing calls on any device to be billed the same.
- Enabling technologies include SIP for call setup, IMS to allow real-time apps across networks, and UMA for switching between cellular and WiFi networks.
- Case studies show BT Fusion, the first FMC service, and Reliance's OneOffice Duo service for corporate networks across mobile and landlines.
- Challenges include number plans, directory services, and availability of dual-mode handsets, but FMC benefits customers
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a digital modulation technique that divides the available spectrum into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. It has become popular for digital communication systems due to its ability to mitigate multi-path interference through the use of a guard interval between symbols. OFDM allows for high bandwidth efficiency by overlapping subcarriers and its implementation has been enabled by advances in DFT and LSI technology.
This document discusses GSM bands and frame structure. It describes the basic GSM bands of 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz. It then explains the overall frame structure in GSM and the different types of bursts used - frequency correction burst, synchronization burst, access burst, normal burst and dummy burst. It also discusses the structure of multi-frames in GSM. Finally, it covers the topics of interference in GSM networks, the sources and types of interference including co-channel and adjacent channel interference.
The document discusses Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networking. It describes the issues driving changes to local area networks, including supporting different types of traffic like voice, video, and data. It then provides details on the ATM standard and conceptual model, including its connection-oriented nature and use of virtual paths and channels. The document also examines the ATM protocol architecture, including the different ATM adaptation layers used to package data for transmission over ATM networks.
The document provides details on WCDMA, including:
- WCDMA has two modes - FDD and TDD, characterized by duplex method. The chip rate is 3.84 Mcps.
- Spreading factors range from 256 to 4 in the uplink and from 512 to 4 in the downlink, allowing variable symbol rates. OVSF codes are used for channelization and Gold codes are used for cell/user separation.
- Modulation is QPSK. Carrier spacing can vary from 4.2 to 5.4 MHz. Larger spacing is used between operators to avoid interference.
This document provides an overview of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques. It defines AMC as adapting transmission parameters like modulation and coding based on constantly monitoring channel conditions. The goals of AMC are to improve efficiency, maximize throughput under different conditions, and guarantee high data transfer rates even during poor channel quality. It provides block diagrams of AMC systems and discusses current implementations in technologies like EGPRS and GPRS. The document also covers advantages like overcoming interference and fading, challenges like sensitivity to errors, and concludes that AMC improves throughput and range for wireless technologies.
Topics covered in this presentation:
1. RF spectrum and GSM specifications
2. FDMA and TDMA
3. Digital Voice Transmission
4. Channel coding, Interleaving and Burst formatting
5. GMSK
6. Frame structure of GSM
7. Corrective actions against multipath fading
The document outlines different multiple access mechanisms for data link layers, including random access, controlled access, and channelization. It then describes the sublayers of the data link layer and various random access protocols like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, and CSMA/CA. It provides details on how each protocol handles channel access and collisions.
This document provides an introduction to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. It outlines the standard's architecture including components like stations, basic service sets, extended service sets, and access points. It describes the medium access control sublayer which uses distributed coordination function and point coordination function to provide reliable data delivery and fair medium sharing. It also briefly discusses the physical layer and typical wireless LAN products.
eMBMS is evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services that allows efficient one-to-many transmission of common content over LTE networks. It uses simulcast transmission from multiple cells within an MBSFN area that appears as a single transmission to users. eMBMS leverages the LTE infrastructure for cost-effective delivery of live video/audio streaming, file downloads and other multimedia broadcasts to a large audience. It provides throughput as high as 17Mbps using 10MHz of shared LTE spectrum for both unicast and broadcast traffic.
Fraud related to plastic currencies is increasing as their usage rises. There are many types of plastic currency fraud, including application fraud where a fraudulent person obtains a cardholder's information, forgery where a stolen card's information is changed, and selling charge slips from cancelled transactions. Forensic analysis is important for investigating plastic currency fraud through physical and instrumental examination. Various prevention methods can also help reduce fraud, such as signing cards, reporting loss/theft, and being wary of sharing personal details. Legislation in India regarding plastic currencies includes the Indian Penal Code, Negotiable Instruments Act, and Information Technology Act.
- Julian Assange was arrested in London in relation to Wikileaks releasing classified documents
- Hacking group Anonymous launched cyberattacks on organizations that cut ties with Wikileaks like Mastercard, Paypal, and Visa
- A Pakistani company used Wikileaks in an advertising campaign promoting sanitary pads
- A 419 scam email was spreading offering to convert "black coated dollar to white dollar" through chemical treatments
Pragmatic Designer's Guide to Identity on the WebJamie Reffell
This talk was presented at Webvisions 2010 in Portland, Oregon.
When you're designing for the web, you have to think about identity. This includes the nuts and bolts of login fields and passwords, as well as fancy technologies like Facebook Connect, OAuth, and OpenID.
This talk presents a pragmatic approach to identity on the web, focused on best practices and a reality-based understanding of user behavior.
I'll cover:
* How users really handle accounts and passwords, and what that means for your site.
* Best practices for login/logout.
* Shared accounts, shared computers, and other messy realities.
* What designers needs to know about OpenID, OAuth, Facebook Connect, and other identity platforms.
* What might happen next: future-proofing your design without a crystal ball.
Five cyber threats to be careful in 2018Ronak Jain
It is not true that people are safe from hackers because they only target big companies for money and other purposes. Every person using debit or credit cards, doing online transactions, using the internet can get affected by cyber threats. You may lose money before even recognizing the situation. Simple mistakes from users open the entry for virus and malware coded by hackers.
The document discusses various scams and provides tips to protect yourself from identity theft and cybercrime. It notes that 1 in 3 people have had their personal information lost or stolen this year. Common scams mentioned include phishing emails, fake lottery or prize notifications, romance scams, and scareware that pretends to detect viruses. The document provides resources for reporting scams and checking if websites or emails are legitimate. It emphasizes using strong, unique passwords and caution with public WiFi networks.
Data Collection without Privacy Side EffectsJosep M. Pujol
Presented at WWW BIG 2016. Paper available at: http://josepmpujol.net/public/papers/big_green_tracker.pdf
Abstract: The standard approach to collect users’ activity data on the Web relies on server-side processing. This approach requires the presence of user-identifiers in order to aggregate data in sessions, which leads to tracking. Server-side aggregation is bound to produce side-effects because the scope of sessions cannot be safely limited to a particular use-case. We provide several examples of such side-effects.
To preserve privacy we propose an alternative approach based on client-side aggregation, where user-identifiers are not needed because sessions only exist on the client-side (i.e. the user’s browser). We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by providing an implementation of a tracking agent – green-tracker – able to gather the data needed to power a service functionally equivalent to Google Analytics.
Culture And Anarchy An Essay In Political And Social Criticism SummarySarah Camacho
The document provides instructions for creating an account on a writing assistance website and requesting paper writing help. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review writer bids and choose one. 4) Review the paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The process aims to provide original, high-quality content while ensuring customer satisfaction.
The document discusses various identity theft and cybercrime issues. It notes that identity fraud is at an all-time high according to a 2010 report. The rise of social media has created opportunities for identity thieves to target personal information from social networking profiles. One in three people have had their personal information lost or stolen this year. The document provides tips on protecting yourself such as using strong and unique passwords, changing them frequently, and being wary of phishing scams.
This document discusses digital ad fraud and outlines actions that various parties can take to address it. It summarizes that digital ad fraud is a major problem, provides high returns for criminals, and funds other illegal activities. It recommends that marketers reduce digital ad spend until they see a business impact, ad networks enforce policies against common fraud techniques, publishers filter bots to reduce invalid traffic, and governments introduce new laws against fraud and investigate financial records.
This document provides tips and information about maintaining internet security. It discusses risks like identity theft and how to prevent it. It offers advice for securing personal information online and tips for safe internet use by teens and when using social media sites like Facebook. It also recommends using parental control software to monitor children's internet activity and protect them from inappropriate content. Overall, the document covers a wide range of internet security issues and provides recommendations for improving online safety.
The document provides a 5-step guide for requesting and obtaining writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines the registration process, how to submit a request and provide instructions, how writers bid on requests and are selected, reviewing and authorizing completed work, and utilizing revisions to ensure satisfaction. The guide emphasizes original, high-quality content and a refund if work is plagiarized. It aims to show users how to confidently obtain their writing needs through the described process.
The document discusses the Heartbleed internet security threat and provides recommendations. It summarizes that Heartbleed allowed theft of sensitive data from secure webpages due to a coding error. While many major websites were affected, the New York State Bar Association's sites were secure. The document recommends changing passwords regularly and joining the NYSBA Technology Community for updates.
The document provides instructions for using the HelpWriting.net service to have an assignment written for you. It outlines a 5-step process:
1. Create an account and provide login credentials.
2. Complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. Attach a sample if wanting the writer to mimic your style.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications and reviews. Place a deposit to start the work.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if satisfied. Free revisions are allowed.
5. Request revisions until fully satisfied, knowing the work will be original and of high quality or a full refund is provided.
The document discusses how digital ad fraud is a major economic crime. It is linked to other illegal activities like computer hacking and involves illegally accessing systems and data. Ad fraud costs the digital advertising industry billions of dollars per year. It involves faking impressions, clicks, and other metrics in order to steal advertising dollars. Many criminal groups view ad fraud as a highly profitable activity due to the very high returns compared to other crimes. The document outlines numerous examples of how ad fraud relates to other crimes like identity theft, money laundering, wire fraud and more. It argues that solving ad fraud would significantly reduce criminal revenues and get the digital marketing industry back to focusing on real users and customers.
This document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, and HelpWriting guarantees original, high-quality work or a full refund.
Online privacy concerns (and what we can do about it)Phil Cryer
User's online privacy is constantly in a state of flux. Witness Google's consolidation of their privacy polices, ever changing Facebook rules or how commerce determines how sites handle user data, and then note the lack of any opt-out for the user when these changes occur. Online entities make these changes not for the benefit of the user, but for the benefit of the shareholders, obviously, but if they can do this now, they can do it later. Simply put, a privacy policy today can change tomorrow; and user's privacy can be thrown by the wayside. Knowing this should signal an alarm for everyone to understand HOW their data is being stored and used online. We'll look at recent developments that have caused concern among privacy advocates, poke fun at some of the silly ways these new measures are sold to the populace and then cover what can be done to increase users' privacy online utilizing common sense and open source software. (Presented at the St. Louis Linux User's Group, June 20, 2013)
Braga is the third largest city in Portugal located in northern Portugal. It has a population of around 192,494 inhabitants and is an important religious and cultural center known for its numerous churches. Braga combines history, culture, and religious sites with a vibrant university population and nightlife. Key attractions include the Bom Jesus do Monte Sanctuary, Tibães Monastery, and Biscainhos Palace and Museum.
Social Media Algorithms - Part of the "Computers in out Life" Erasmus+ ProjectApostolos Syropoulos
Social media algorithms prioritize the content users see in their feeds based on how likely they are to interact with it. Algorithms personalize the content for each user based on their past interactions and account follows. The algorithms of different social media platforms are unique but rely on machine learning and ranking signals, like user interactions, to determine what to display.
The document provides an overview of artificial intelligence, including its history and current applications. It begins with definitions of AI as the ability of machines to mimic human intellect through reasoning and learning. Examples are given of AI being used in digital cameras, health risk prediction, and cancer imaging. The document also discusses the pre-history of AI in Greek mythology and the concept of automatons. A timeline of AI history is then presented, mentioning early forerunners in fiction like the Tin Man from Wizard of Oz.
The document discusses various methods for converting between units of measure, including cross-multiplication and the rule of three. Cross-multiplication involves multiplying the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of the other fraction to solve for an unknown value. The rule of three is a shorthand version of cross-multiplication for equations in a particular form. Examples are provided for converting between units like bytes and kilobytes for digital storage as well as calculating how many songs or movies can be stored given file and storage capacities.
Συγγραφή μαθηματικού κειμένου με χρήση του XeLaTeX (Writing mathematical tex...Apostolos Syropoulos
A presentation in Greek that explains how one can use XeLaTeX to prepare documents that have a lot mathematical symbols and equations. Presented at the 37th Panhellenic Conference on on Mathematical Education, 2022.
The document discusses learning simple phrases in Greek. It begins by explaining what syntax is and how word order differs across languages. Examples of syntax trees are provided to visualize sentence structure. The document then demonstrates how to create simple Greek sentences by combining subjects, verbs and objects. Finally, concluding remarks summarize that the reader learned about syntax, syntax trees, and creating basic Greek phrases.
The document discusses the origins of computational thinking. It notes that Seymour Papert first used the term in his 1980 book "Mindstorms" and explored using computers in mathematics education. It defines computational thinking as using fundamental computer science concepts to solve problems. Some key aspects are abstraction, sequencing, loops, conditionals, modularity, and algorithms. The document also covers the modern Greek alphabet, including the names and sounds of each letter.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...APNIC
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...APNIC
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
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Introduction
Online Accounts
Today all Internet users have some sort of account. Typically, people
have a Facebook account, a Twitter account, a GMail account, a yahoo!
mail account, etc.
Many people use their accounts for serious business so they want to
use their real name and a real photograph of themselves.
Unfortunately, people are not always careful and so people with no
good intention are taking advantage of this.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 3 / 8
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Introduction
Online Accounts
Today all Internet users have some sort of account. Typically, people
have a Facebook account, a Twitter account, a GMail account, a yahoo!
mail account, etc.
Many people use their accounts for serious business so they want to
use their real name and a real photograph of themselves.
Unfortunately, people are not always careful and so people with no
good intention are taking advantage of this.
But it is not always enough to be careful!
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 3 / 8
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Introduction
What is Account Hijacking?
To hijack means to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway.
Account hijacking is a process through which an individual’s email
account, computer account or any other account associated with a
computing device or service is stolen or hijacked by a hacker.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 4 / 8
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Introduction
What is Account Hijacking?
To hijack means to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway.
Account hijacking is a process through which an individual’s email
account, computer account or any other account associated with a
computing device or service is stolen or hijacked by a hacker.
Practically, Bob hacks Alice’s mail account and sends emails to people.
Bob may intend to defame Alice or to make profit.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 4 / 8
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Introduction
What is Account Hijacking?
To hijack means to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway.
Account hijacking is a process through which an individual’s email
account, computer account or any other account associated with a
computing device or service is stolen or hijacked by a hacker.
Practically, Bob hacks Alice’s mail account and sends emails to people.
Bob may intend to defame Alice or to make profit.
People create fake social media accounts to spread rumors, lies, etc.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 4 / 8
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Introduction
What is Account Hijacking?
To hijack means to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway.
Account hijacking is a process through which an individual’s email
account, computer account or any other account associated with a
computing device or service is stolen or hijacked by a hacker.
Practically, Bob hacks Alice’s mail account and sends emails to people.
Bob may intend to defame Alice or to make profit.
People create fake social media accounts to spread rumors, lies, etc.
To protect themselves, people create accounts with the word “real” in
the account name. For example, Donald J. Trump’s Twitter account is
@realDonaldTrump.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 4 / 8
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Introduction
What is Account Hijacking?
To hijack means to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway.
Account hijacking is a process through which an individual’s email
account, computer account or any other account associated with a
computing device or service is stolen or hijacked by a hacker.
Practically, Bob hacks Alice’s mail account and sends emails to people.
Bob may intend to defame Alice or to make profit.
People create fake social media accounts to spread rumors, lies, etc.
To protect themselves, people create accounts with the word “real” in
the account name. For example, Donald J. Trump’s Twitter account is
@realDonaldTrump.
In most cases people are locked out of their account.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 4 / 8
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Protection
What to do if are locked out of your account?
Immediately contact everyone you can, by phone or using an alternate
e-mail. A mutual friend who has many of the same contacts can also
help spread the word through a social site or their e-mail address book.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 5 / 8
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Protection
What to do if are locked out of your account?
Immediately contact everyone you can, by phone or using an alternate
e-mail. A mutual friend who has many of the same contacts can also
help spread the word through a social site or their e-mail address book.
Next you have to work on getting control of your account again. Many
sites provide a facility to reset one’s password. Try it! If this does not
work, you will need to contact the company directly.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 5 / 8
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Protection
What to do if are locked out of your account?
Immediately contact everyone you can, by phone or using an alternate
e-mail. A mutual friend who has many of the same contacts can also
help spread the word through a social site or their e-mail address book.
Next you have to work on getting control of your account again. Many
sites provide a facility to reset one’s password. Try it! If this does not
work, you will need to contact the company directly.
Contacting the company directly is not easy. However, you can do a
Google search on “[name of service] account hacked”, where name
of service is gmail, facebook, twitter, etc., to find a useful link.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 5 / 8
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Protection
What to do if are locked out of your account?
Immediately contact everyone you can, by phone or using an alternate
e-mail. A mutual friend who has many of the same contacts can also
help spread the word through a social site or their e-mail address book.
Next you have to work on getting control of your account again. Many
sites provide a facility to reset one’s password. Try it! If this does not
work, you will need to contact the company directly.
Contacting the company directly is not easy. However, you can do a
Google search on “[name of service] account hacked”, where name
of service is gmail, facebook, twitter, etc., to find a useful link.
When you manage to use the facility to change your password, try to
find a really strong password. Use Google to find tools that generate
strong passwords and store this password somewhere.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 5 / 8
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Protection
What to do if are locked out of your account?
Immediately contact everyone you can, by phone or using an alternate
e-mail. A mutual friend who has many of the same contacts can also
help spread the word through a social site or their e-mail address book.
Next you have to work on getting control of your account again. Many
sites provide a facility to reset one’s password. Try it! If this does not
work, you will need to contact the company directly.
Contacting the company directly is not easy. However, you can do a
Google search on “[name of service] account hacked”, where name
of service is gmail, facebook, twitter, etc., to find a useful link.
When you manage to use the facility to change your password, try to
find a really strong password. Use Google to find tools that generate
strong passwords and store this password somewhere.
Once everything is back to normal, try to understand how your
account was hijacked.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 5 / 8
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Protection
What to do if you can still log in into your account?
Immediately CHANGE YOUR PASSWORD! For as long as they know
your password, they can do anything they want. Lock them out as
soon as possible.
Next you will let everyone know, but now you have to send an email to
all the people in your address book.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 6 / 8
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Protection
What to do if you can still log in into your account?
Immediately CHANGE YOUR PASSWORD! For as long as they know
your password, they can do anything they want. Lock them out as
soon as possible.
Next you will let everyone know, but now you have to send an email to
all the people in your address book.
Once everything is back to normal, try to understand how your
account was hijacked.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 6 / 8
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Protection
How to protect your accounts?
Periodically change your passwords. Always chose strong passwords.
Crackers usually use software to break your account. The stronger the
password, the more difficult it is to break it.
Always log in into your accounts from machines that you do trust.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 7 / 8
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Protection
How to protect your accounts?
Periodically change your passwords. Always chose strong passwords.
Crackers usually use software to break your account. The stronger the
password, the more difficult it is to break it.
Always log in into your accounts from machines that you do trust.
Never let browsers remember your passwords on machines you do not
own or use exclusively.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 7 / 8
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Protection
How to protect your accounts?
Periodically change your passwords. Always chose strong passwords.
Crackers usually use software to break your account. The stronger the
password, the more difficult it is to break it.
Always log in into your accounts from machines that you do trust.
Never let browsers remember your passwords on machines you do not
own or use exclusively.
Be wary of social media applications with which you are unfamiliar.
Some applications may be designed to steal account information or
distribute spam or malware.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 7 / 8
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Protection
How to protect your accounts?
Periodically change your passwords. Always chose strong passwords.
Crackers usually use software to break your account. The stronger the
password, the more difficult it is to break it.
Always log in into your accounts from machines that you do trust.
Never let browsers remember your passwords on machines you do not
own or use exclusively.
Be wary of social media applications with which you are unfamiliar.
Some applications may be designed to steal account information or
distribute spam or malware.
From time to time google your name! This helps to discover fake
accounts, etc.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 7 / 8
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Protection
How to protect your accounts?
Periodically change your passwords. Always chose strong passwords.
Crackers usually use software to break your account. The stronger the
password, the more difficult it is to break it.
Always log in into your accounts from machines that you do trust.
Never let browsers remember your passwords on machines you do not
own or use exclusively.
Be wary of social media applications with which you are unfamiliar.
Some applications may be designed to steal account information or
distribute spam or malware.
From time to time google your name! This helps to discover fake
accounts, etc.
Use google to find more about social media prevention of account
hijacking.
Georgiadou et al. (2GymXan) Account Hijacking 20/03/2017 7 / 8