Recent advances in the field of Information Technology have already influenced the life in more than one direction. Its impact on the field of Library and Information Science is also quite significant, more so in advanced countries. Most obviously the situation is a resultant of the growth of electronic publishing and of networks that facilitate scholarly communication. Technological advances, especially the Information Technology are facilitating a fascinating change in libraries with a vision and are trying to accommodate all types of media for providing electronic information services to the users in a more convenient and effective way. The article describes various types of eminent Electronic resources used in libraries. It briefly touches their advantages, disadvantages and usage in libraries.
Last three decades have witnessed the information explosion. New ICT systems have increased the generation of more and more information and multiplied the knowledge bases. Every day more and more information is digitally born. The ordinary user is unable to cope with the Internet to select, choose, download, store and retrieve the right information they need from this information deluge. Yet the modern generation prefers digital format due to its advantages. For Librarian this is a great opportunity to concentrate on collection development of digital resources / e-resources and assist users by providing methods and techniques for better control of the digital resources. The principles of Library and Information Science couples with the modern day Information Technology facilitates several options for better management of Libraries, collection and services.
The current evolution in Information technology bring major changes in the way of Information communication. Information Communication technology developments opened up new avenues to e-resources publishing in a big way. E- resources is distribution of information in any electronic form such as CD- ROM, Floppy Disk or Magnetic tape or across a computer network like e-journals, E-Books, ETD etc. accessible dial-up bulletin board or on-line services.
Library automation software, Types of software available, Pros and Cons of Commercial and Open source software, List of library automation software.KOHA, WINISIS, NEWGENLIB, SOUL, AUTOLIB AND LIBSYS
Last three decades have witnessed the information explosion. New ICT systems have increased the generation of more and more information and multiplied the knowledge bases. Every day more and more information is digitally born. The ordinary user is unable to cope with the Internet to select, choose, download, store and retrieve the right information they need from this information deluge. Yet the modern generation prefers digital format due to its advantages. For Librarian this is a great opportunity to concentrate on collection development of digital resources / e-resources and assist users by providing methods and techniques for better control of the digital resources. The principles of Library and Information Science couples with the modern day Information Technology facilitates several options for better management of Libraries, collection and services.
The current evolution in Information technology bring major changes in the way of Information communication. Information Communication technology developments opened up new avenues to e-resources publishing in a big way. E- resources is distribution of information in any electronic form such as CD- ROM, Floppy Disk or Magnetic tape or across a computer network like e-journals, E-Books, ETD etc. accessible dial-up bulletin board or on-line services.
Library automation software, Types of software available, Pros and Cons of Commercial and Open source software, List of library automation software.KOHA, WINISIS, NEWGENLIB, SOUL, AUTOLIB AND LIBSYS
A presentation on select digital library initiatives in India by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Library is the heart of any educational institutions. Nowadays there are two basic form of library, one is traditional library and another is digital library. Traditional library is the library to collection the information in print form like books, journals etc. and digital library is the library to collection information with associated services, where the information is stored in digital format like text, video, audio etc. and accessible over a network. According to Bala and Sagar(2014, 369p.) “Library as an institution has played an important role in the progress of civilization. In the modern age the library users need accurate, current and pinpointed information, and there expectation also high”. Due to lack of time no body have time to visit a library and search catalogue cards. Most of the users prefer the digital resources because these can be used anytime and by everyone over the Internet.
Scenario of E library in the 21st century by
Dr. Gururaj S. Hadagali
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Library and Information Science
Karnatak University, Dharwad
The prime objective of any library is to meet the information requirements of its clients most effectively. To meet this objective, the library builds the collection in a planned manner and offers a variety of information services to inform the users what is available and whatever latest has been published in their areas of interest. All these services generate requests from the users for the original documents. The service that supplies the required document to the user on demand is known as Document Delivery Service.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
A presentation on Digital Library Software by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
Introduction to Public Library
Origin and Growth :- World, India
Definition of PL
Forerunner of modern PLs
Growth of PL as Social Institution
Important features of a PL
PL’s commitment to the society
Agencies in promotion & development of PLs in India
State’s PL Act
Types of PL Act
NAPLIS
Model PL Bills/Acts in India
Structure of PL & Information system
The management of PLs
PL Standards
Challenges and problems for future PL system
A presentation on select digital library initiatives in India by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Library is the heart of any educational institutions. Nowadays there are two basic form of library, one is traditional library and another is digital library. Traditional library is the library to collection the information in print form like books, journals etc. and digital library is the library to collection information with associated services, where the information is stored in digital format like text, video, audio etc. and accessible over a network. According to Bala and Sagar(2014, 369p.) “Library as an institution has played an important role in the progress of civilization. In the modern age the library users need accurate, current and pinpointed information, and there expectation also high”. Due to lack of time no body have time to visit a library and search catalogue cards. Most of the users prefer the digital resources because these can be used anytime and by everyone over the Internet.
Scenario of E library in the 21st century by
Dr. Gururaj S. Hadagali
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Library and Information Science
Karnatak University, Dharwad
The prime objective of any library is to meet the information requirements of its clients most effectively. To meet this objective, the library builds the collection in a planned manner and offers a variety of information services to inform the users what is available and whatever latest has been published in their areas of interest. All these services generate requests from the users for the original documents. The service that supplies the required document to the user on demand is known as Document Delivery Service.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
A presentation on Digital Library Software by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
Introduction to Public Library
Origin and Growth :- World, India
Definition of PL
Forerunner of modern PLs
Growth of PL as Social Institution
Important features of a PL
PL’s commitment to the society
Agencies in promotion & development of PLs in India
State’s PL Act
Types of PL Act
NAPLIS
Model PL Bills/Acts in India
Structure of PL & Information system
The management of PLs
PL Standards
Challenges and problems for future PL system
Ancient Gurus in ancient Gurukulas used to impart knowledge to their pupils through oralteaching. The Gurus themselves were treasure troves of knowledge, without the need to refer to
hard and soft copies, and online resources. The long-driventransition from paperless back topaperless, that is, from oral instruction through palm leaves through copper plates through virtualpaper through electronic to digital Libraries is as arduous as it is fascinating.
Includes the definition of Digital Library, it's history, advantages and disadvantages, major issues and challenges, example of digital libraries and digital library software.
This project report deliberates the new activities, methods and technology used in digitization and formation of digital libraries. It set out some key points involved and the detailed plans required in the process, offers pieces of advice and guidance for the practicing Librarians and Information scientists. Digital Libraries are being created today for diverse communities and in different fields e.g. education, science, culture, development, health, governance and so on. With the availability of several free digital Library software packages at the recent time, the creation and sharing of information through the digital library collections has become an attractive and feasible proposition for library and information professionals around the world. The paper ends with a call to integrate digitization into the plans and policies of any institution to maximize its effectiveness.
Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL LIBRARY SYSTEM BY USING DSPACE & ANDROID APPS AT AM...IAEME Publication
Developing countries face serious problems on building and using digital libraries
(DL) due to low computer and Internet penetration rates, lack of financial resources,
etc. Thus, since mobile phones are much more used than computers in these countries,
they might be a good alternative for accessing DL. Moreover, in the developed world
there has been an exponential growth on the usage of mobile phones for data traffic,
establishing a good ground for accessing DL on mobile devices. This paper presents a
design proposal for making DSpace-based digital libraries accessible on mobile
phones. Since DSpace is a popular free and open source DL system used around the
world, making it accessible through mobile devices might contribute for improving the
global accessibility of scientific and academic publications.
Similar to Access to electronic information resources in libraries (20)
• Vaccination and how it works?
• Herd Immunity
• COVID-19 vaccines in India
• Who can take the vaccine?
• What to expect during and after vaccination?
• Vaccine Hesitancy
• Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy
EP is the dissemination of Information in electronic format and its distribution to potential users either on electronic networks such as internet and Intranet or in stand-alone formats such as CD-ROMs and Diskette.
Synonym for EP is CAP (Computer Assisted Publishing)
Participants will be able to:
Describe the different types of e-resource
Contrast their features and functionality
Describe the different access routes for electronic resources
Identify some of the access options available within developing countries
Access scholarly electronic resources
Software's now-a-days became the life line of modern day organizations. Libraries also need software if they want to create a parallel digital library with features which we may not find in a traditional library.
A special library is a term for library that is neither an academic nor school library, nor a public library. Special libraries include law libraries, news libraries, government libraries, corporate libraries, museum libraries, and medical libraries and are not usually open to the public for use. Special libraries are also sometimes known as information centers. They are generally staffed by librarians.
As a job seeker you can expect to have a number of interviews before getting a job offer. Not all of these interviews will be the traditional kind, where you meet the interviewer one-on-one for a discussion.
The data, collected for research, has to be processed, analyzed and interpreted to develop a solution to the research question.
Data analysis is a practice in which unorganized or unfinished data is ordered and organized so that useful information can be extracted from it.
It is the most enjoyable part of carrying out the research since after all of the hard works and waiting the researcher gets the chance to find out the answers. So analyzing the data and interpreting the results are the “reward” for the work of collecting the data.
Standards to facilitate information exchange has always been a subject of concern.
To provide a flexible exchange format that could be used for converting data from libraries and information services of all types, UNESCO developed the Common Communication Format (CCF). The main aim of this format was to produce a method of organising bibliographic descriptions which could be exchanged between institutions. This format was to act as a link between the databases produced in different internal formats of libraries.
Classaurus is a vocabulary control tool.
Developed by Ganesh Bhattacharyya and used for POPSI, the pre-cordinate indexing system.
It is a faceted systematic scheme of hierarchical classification incorporating all the essential features of a conventional retrieval thesaurus,i.e control of synonyms, quasi-synonyms and antonyms in extended senses.
Like faceted classification schemes, there are separate schedules for each of the elementary categories (entity, property and action) and for common modifiers (form, time, place and environment).
Central food technological research institute, mysoreavid
(A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi) came into existence during 1950 with the great vision of its founders, and a network of inspiring as well as dedicated scientists who had a fascination to pursue in-depth research and development in the areas of food science and technology.
Postulate Approach to Library Classification
Normative Principles
Three Planes of Work
Modes of Formation of Subjects
Systems Approach to the Study of Subjects
Depth Classification
Classification in Electronic Environment
Classificatory basis for metadata
Knowledge Organization
Business organization play very important role in the development of a nation apart from science and technology of the country. But this progress and development of any nation cannot be achieved in the absence of libraries which hold in its stock very important content in the form of information and only this institution can disseminate in an effective manner. These libraries act as a catalogue agents in dissemination.
Business is different catalogue under special library. These libraries are not school of commerce, where people are supposed to learn commerce but a place where skilled commerce people go to obtain their information. This includes libraries attached to business houses, trade organization, industrial organization and commercial organization.
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's premier nuclear research facility based in Trombay, Mumbai,Maharashtra. BARC is a multi-disciplinary research centre with extensive infrastructure for advanced research and development covering the entire spectrum of nuclear science, engineering and related areas.
The Government of India created the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) on 3 January 1954. It was established to consolidate all the research and development activity for nuclear reactors and technology under the Atomic Energy Commission. BARC's core mandate is to sustain peaceful applications of nuclear energy, primarily for power generation. It manages all facets of nuclear power generation, from theoretical design of reactors, computerised modelling and simulation, risk analysis, development and testing of new reactor fuel materials, etc
construction of a call number by computer
artificial intelligence
able to identify the subject and sub-subjects of the document
doubt about the capability of computers for classification
similar automatic production of title indexes or keyword enhanced indexes
attempts to design a powerful automatic
Audio is an electrical or other representation of sound.
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system.
It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with a defined storage layer.
Effort to develop computer-based systems that behave like humans:
learn languages
accomplish physical tasks
use a perceptual apparatus
emulate human thinking
Agris international system for agricultural science and technologyavid
AGRIS is the International bibliographic Information System for the Agricultural sciences and technology. It became operational in 1975 and since then AGRIS has accumulated a database of more than 2.8 million bibliographic references .
AGRIS is managed centrally by the WAICENT(WORLD AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION CENTER)/FAOINFO Dissemination Management Branch of the Library and Documentation Systems Division of FAO
AGRIS (International System for Agricultural Science and Technology) is a global public domain database with more than 4 million structured bibliographical records on agricultural science and technology.
the means by which additions are made to the library (Wulfekoetter, 1961)
The process of securing materials for the library collection, whether by purchase, as gifts, or through exchange programs (Evans, 2000).
Primarily concerned with the ordering, claiming and receipt of materials for the library (Gorman, 1998).
tasks include obtaining materials by purchase, gift or exchange; paying for or acknowledging receipt; and maintaining appropriate records
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Access to electronic information resources in libraries
1. ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC
INFORMATION RESOURCES IN
LIBRARIES
Dr. N. RUPSING NAIK
University Librarian I/c,
University Library, JNT University Hyderabad.
email: nunsavath2007@rediffmail.com
2. Abstract:
Recent advances in the field of Information Technology have
already influenced the life in more than one direction. Its impact
on the field of Library and Information Science is also quite
significant, more so in advanced countries. Most obviously the
situation is a resultant of the growth of electronic publishing and
of networks that facilitate scholarly communication.
Technological advances, especially the Information Technology
are facilitating a fascinating change in libraries with a vision
and are trying to accommodate all types of media for providing
electronic information services to the users in a more convenient
and effective way. The article describes various types of eminent
Electronic resources used in libraries. It briefly touches their
advantages, disadvantages and usage in libraries.
Key words:
Access to Electronic resources, Types of Electronic information
resources.
3. 1. Introduction
The word access means in computer-based information
retrieval, “the method by which a computer refers to records in a
file, dependent upon their arrangement”.
Due to advances in technology there have been significant
changes such as the introduction of computers, the expansion of
telecommunications and the rise in popularity of the Internet.
Information once stored in electronic form can break all the
physical and geographical barriers and reach the remotest
corners of the world.
New technologies are emerging to store and process information
electronically and new methodologies for accessing information.
Access to right information at the right time is the need of the
hour.
Different types of information, a user can get at different levels
beginning from resources available in a library or information
centre to the network based information services from different
networks.
4. 1. The Potentiality of the E-Resources are huge and do
not occupy physical space
2. Encompassing every thing
3. Elimination of time, space, cost limit
4. Public domain of information (Internet)
5. Easy archiving of the content and organized
subjectively
6. Full content can be searched
7. Preservation & Dissemination of knowledge
* Faster and vast
* Backup preservation
Characteristics:
The following are the characteristics of Electronic Resources:
5. 2. TYPES OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES:
The following are the sources of Electronic Information:
1. CD-ROMs.
2. DVDs
3. Electronic Journals
4. Electronic Databases
5. Electronic Books
6. ETD’s (Electronic Theses and Dissertations)
7. Digital Libraries
8. Internet Resources
9. Electronic mail Data
10. OPAC
11. Institutional Repository System
6. 2.1 COMPACT DISK READ-ONLY MEMORY (CD-ROM)
In the digital age, a paperless library has already come into
existence with the availability of CD-ROM databases;
CD-ROM has an indispensable role to play in the dissemination
of electronic information and it has already found a special
place in the rapidly growing digital libraries.
In CD-ROM, text and graphics are available in digital form in
the modern publishing process.
Definitions:
A type of storage device that looks just like an audio CD and
stores as much as data of large hard disk (700-800 MB),
making it a popular means of distributing fonts, photos,
electronic encyclopedias, games and multimedia offerings. As
the name indicates, however, one can’t change files on a CD-
ROM, but only read them.
The CD-ROM, one of the storage and distribution technologies
uses the laser power and optical techniques. Drives for
rewriteable CD-ROMs (CD-RW), which overcome the
immutability of CD-R.
7. 2.2 DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC (DVD)
DVD for the computer industry, is the next generation to
Compact Disc in optical disc storage technology.
A DVD looks just like a CD,but has higher data storage capacity.
The DVD’s larger capacity is achieved by making the pits
smaller and the spiral tighter, and by recording the data in as
many as four layers, two on each side of the disc.
The DVD technology provides a storage capacity that is at lease
6 to 7 times greater than that of a CD, in the same aerial space.
Advantages of DVD:
The high data storage capacity of DVDs makes it possible to
represent more multimedia elements, like sound and video and to
integrate many reference sources on a single disc.
DVD can deliver the data at a higher rate than CD-ROM.
DVD drives can read both CD-ROMs and DVD-ROM’s.
By using DVD databases it might be possible to avoid CD-ROM
jukeboxes.
DVD eliminates the need for disc swapping of deluxe multimedia
databases and makes information seeking more convenient.
8. Blu-ray Disc:
Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of the
next generation optical disc format jointly developed by the
Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA).
The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and
playback of high definition video (HD), as well as storing large
amounts of data.
The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of
traditional DVDs and can hold upto 25GB on a single-layer
disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc.
While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVD-
RW and DVD-ROM rely on a red laser rays to read and write
data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the
name Blu-ray Disc.
9. 2.3 ELECTRONIC JOURNALS (E-JOURNALS)
The advent of ICT has played a pivotal role in transforming the
conventional library into a digital library.
This has resulted in the proliferation of e-publishing, which
provides information in a digital form. The e-journals are fast
becoming the preferred format for information dissemination,
especially in science and technology.
The full-text e-journals can be viewed accessible via the World
Wide Web (WWW) as individual.
The e-journals are made available in various modes namely:
- Free with a print subscription
- At a nominal cost with a print subscription
- As web editions only with a paid subscription
There are two types of electronic journals, the first is the offline
CD-ROM version that can be distributed in a similar manner to
printed journals and second one is the online or Internet-based
journals
10. Definition:
An article or complete journal available fully electronically via
a web site on the Internet. It could be available free or as part of
a paid for service. This trend is older and more established than
the trend of providing e-book content via the Internet.
Full-text journal publications those are available in electronic
format, covering a variety of subjects, which are available over
the Internet.
Advantages of e-journals :
The ability to deliver 3-D images, video, animation, and links
to the abstracts or full text of other journals articles provides
added value compared to the printed journal.
Electronic Journals are Speedy scientific communication
process, Interactive, easy to search for articles by a particular
author or on a particular topic or any specific information
anywhere in the text, Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
They can Easily be merged with alerting services, Support
multimedia, Link to other pages on the internet and scholarly
publication, They don’t need library space nor shelving costs
nor can they be stolen from the library.
11. Access to e-Journals:
In order to make the maximum use of e-journals and access
options, one has to be very careful in subscribing the e-journals
about various IT issues and formats available such as HTML,
PDF, SGML.
Because they require specific application programme for
reading, retrieving, and downloading the contents.
Access to e-journals is provided either by publishers themselves
or through ejournals portals.
The libraries and information centres cater to the information
and reference needs of a variety of users in different disciplines,
which indeed is tedious and problematic task to subscribe to all.
e-journals through various publishers. e-journal portals are the
best options for subscribing unlimited number of e-journals
published through various publishers at a single gateway.
12. 2.4 ELECTRONIC DATABASES
Users and application programs which access data do not need to be
aware of the detailed storage structure of the data on a computer
storage device, in other words, the data are stored in a way so that they
are independent of one or more application programs that use the data.
Data that is stored more or less permanently in a computer readable
file is termed as a database. The software that allows one or many
persons to use and/or modify this data is a database management
system (DBMS). Major role of DBMS is to allow the user to deal with
the data in abstract terms, rather than as how the computer stores it.
Definition:
A collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific
purpose. A computerized database is an updated, organised file of
machine-readable information that is rapidly searched and retrieved by
computer.
The features of a database are:
Any number of users can have access to a data element any number
of times.
Data elements in the database are independent of data representation,
devices descriptions, programs or special structures of the data.
A database is a physically available object.
13. 2.5 ELECTRONIC BOOKS (E-BOOKS)
e-Books are simply books that are available in digital formats.
E-Books are exactly like print or paper books except that they
are bound electronically.
They can be downloaded in .pdf, .html, plain text and rich
text formats for example, and they can also be purchased in
CD-ROM and floppy disc formats.
Definitions:
An e-Book is digital reading material that a user can view on a
desktop or notebook personal computer, or on a dedicated, portable
device with a large storage capacity and the ability to download
new titles via a network connection.
14. The following are some special features of e- Books:
Books never go out of print and are economically feasible to
publish low demand titles.
Content which includes audio and full motion video
Carry several books in one small package and can save e-Books
on the Internet or Computers.
The visually impaired may switch to audio mode and have an e-
Book read to them. Reduce environmental waste
Access from any where.
Advantages of e-Books :
e-Books take much less space.
These can be made available on a CD-ROM and occupy a
fraction of the space of a paper volume of the same title.
e-Books are also nice because anyone can read them with the
click of mouse.
The e-Book both in its online or CD-ROM form may contain
animations and live action illustrations, which are not possible
in paper books.
15. 2.6 ELECTRONIC THESIS & DISSERTATIONS (ETDS):
An ETD is a document that explains the research or scholarship
of a research scholar in an electronic format.
It is simultaneously suitable for machine archives and worldwide
retrieval.
The ETD is similar to its paper predecessor. For example, it has
figures, tables, footnotes, and references, a title page with the
author's name, the official name of the university, the degree
sought, and the names of the committee members.
Furthermore, it may describe why the work was done, how the
research relates to previous work as recorded in the literature, the
research methods used, the results, and the interpretation and
discussion of the results, and a summary with conclusions.
The ETD is different from its paper predecessor, however, in a
few important aspects.
16. 2.7 DIGITAL LIBRARIES
The term digital library was evolved in early 1970s. The first
application of digital library concept was associated with character
coded storage and full text indexing of legal & scientific documents.
Digital Libraries basically store materials in electronic format and
manipulate large collection of those materials effectively.
When the information is organized, processed and transmitted by
means of digital devices, the concept of digital library emerges.
It can be truly a virtual library if it is started on purely digital basis.
Thus digital library means:
- Creation and maintenance of information in digital format.
- Digitization of the documents of the library, which are in print form
Definitions:
Digital Libraries are the repositories of electronic texts, images, and
other materials. Digital Libraries are generally found on the Internet,
although large collections of remotely accessed CD-ROMs could
also be considered a digital library. Materials in a digital library may
have been “born digital” or they may have been digitized using a
scanner.
17. Advantages:
Electronic resources offer ever-increasing abilities to store, both print
and non-print material such as sound, images and video.
They provide faster access, and libraries do not have to deal with the
problems of misplaced, missing, or mutilated books.
Electronic resources are able to meet the users increasing demands and
expectations for quicker and easier access to information.
Digital Libraries make use of latest information technologies to store
vast amounts of information in electronic form.
Preservation is also very easy for digital materials when compared with
documents.
Disadvantages :
Some people criticize that copyright law hampers digital libraries,
because works cannot be shared over different periods of time in the
manner of a traditional library.
The content is, in many cases, public domain or self-generated content
only. Many people also find reading printed material to be easier than
reading material on a computer screen although this depends heavily on
presentation as well as personal preferences.
Digital libraries are wholly dependent on cheap, abundant sources of
electricity. Without electricity, the content cannot be accessed.
18. 2.8 INTERNET RESOURCES
The INTERNET and its World Wide Web (WWW) have given a
paradigm shift to information management.
The information available on net is increasing rapidly and the
task of providing relevant information to patrons is gaining
paramount importance in all types of libraries.
Most of the reputed publishers, learned and commercial societies
are hosting their products on net and also all libraries are sharing
their internal and external information resources by means of
web pages and Web-OPACs .
Networks:
A number of PCs can be linked together so they can share
resources like printers, files and disk space.
A network uses a connecting cable to pass information between
the different PCs in the network, each of which has a unique
"address" so that it can be identified unambiguously.
There are two types of network: a centralized network has one
machine that holds all the crucial software, and the other linked
machines are dependent on this central machine to run correctly.
19. The Internet :
Due to impact of Internet, there is a swift migration from offline to
online, as Web is becoming a popular user interface for providing
access to remote and frequently updated resources.
The resulting loose decentralized conglomeration of local/regional
networks has become known as the Internet.
It is important to realize the distinction between “the Internet",
which is the system of interconnected computers, and "Internet
services" which are what people use the Internet for, and include
applications such as e-mail and World Wide Web browsers which
are discussed below. The most popular services are e-mail, WWW.
Electronic mail (e-mail) :
Electronic mail (e-mail) is one way of sending information from one
computer to another.
It works in the same way as posting a letter "snail-mail".
Each network on the Internet has a unique identifier, and each
person on a network also has a unique username; the combination of
these two make up their e-mail address and are unique worldwide.
Once connected, one can communicate with anyone else on the Net
of course when the e-mail address is known.
20. Mailing lists (or list serves):
Mailing lists (or list serves) are public e-mail addresses set up for a
particular topic, for example the British Computer Association of the
Blind (BCAB).
Anyone who wishes to publicize information which they think will
be of general interest to members of BCAB can post it to the list.
Anyone who subscribes to the list will be sent a copy of the
message, and may address questions or comments to it. This enables
to contact people who share an interest.
Usenet newsgroups:
Usenet newsgroups are another way of giving and getting
information. A newsgroup is a public address, which many people
can access.
You may add messages to the newsgroup, and anyone else who is
registered can read the message; they may then reply to you through
the newsgroup or privately (i.e. to your unique address).
Like mailing lists, newsgroups tend to be focused on particular
topics, to limit the number of messages that will be posted to them
21. 2.9 INFORMATION THROUGH ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
Electronic mail, abbreviated as e-mail or email, is a method of
composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic
communication systems.
The term e-mail applies both to the Internet e-mail system based on the
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) & to intranet systems allowing
users within one company/organization to send messages to each other.
Messages:
Messages are exchanged between hosts using the Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol with software like Sendmail.
Users download their messages from servers usually with either the
POP or IMAP protocols, though in a large corporate environment users
are likely to use some proprietary protocol such as Lotus Notes or
Microsoft Exchange Server's.
Mailboxes:
Mail can be stored either on the client or server side. Standard formats
for mail boxes include Maildir and mbox. Several prominent e-mail
clients use their own, proprietary format, and require conversion
software to transfer e-mail between them.
When a message cannot be delivered, the recipient MTA must send a
bounce message back to the sender, indicating the problem.
22. 2.10 ONLINE PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOGUE (OPAC)
Online Public Access Catalogue is a term used to describe any type
of computerized library catalogue. Online Public Access
Catalogues allows in providing the flexibility to:
a)Find out what the library has to offer
b)Check the status of an item (checked out, on shelf, on hold, ..)
c)Check the library record for fines, reserves, or over dues
d)Reserve an item
e)Look up community information
f) Use CD-ROM databases (such as indexes or encyclopedias)
g)Link up with library catalogues or databases in other communities
Keyword Searching:
In most systems the first option on the menu is a keyword search,
such as a title or any word from the title. Users can search for
books on a special subject by keyword.
23. 2.11 INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY SYSTEM
An Institutional repository is an online locus for collecting, preserving, and
disseminating - in digital form - the intellectual output of an institution,
particularly a research institution. For a university, this would include
materials such as research journal articles, before (preprints) and after
(postprints), etc..
The main objectives for having an institutional repository are:
to provide open access to institutional research output by self-archiving it
& to create global visibility for an institution's scholarly research
to collect content in a single location and to store & preserve other
institutional digital assets.
Opening up outputs of the institution to a worldwide audience;
Managing and measuring research and teaching activities;
Providing a workspace for work-in-progress, & for projects;
Facilitating the development & sharing of digital teaching materials, aids
Supporting student endeavours, providing access to theses and
dissertations
There are a number of open-source software packages like DSpace, Eprints,
and Fedora and there are also hosted (proprietary) software services like
Digital Commons, SimpleDL
24. Conclusion :
The field of Library and Information Science is dramatically
changing scenario involving incorporation of digital media in
the library systems and making the same accessible globally
through the use of Electronic Information resources.
The implementation of Electronic information resources in
libraries are very use full for users and library professionals for
speed up the accessing and maintaining of the library
information as well as the automation of the libraries.
Increasing demands from Library users for access to more and
more information are accelerating in the digital libraries era.
More and more information is readily available in machine-
readable form there has been a fundamental shift in the concerns
of the information in print form.
Computers are increasingly used for providing information,
librarians and other information professionals must familiarize
themselves with the latest technological development in this
field of Electronic Information resources.
Electronic Information services are thus going to assume
increasing importance in times to come.