The document describes an arthroscopic technique for surgically treating symptomatic complete or high grade acromioclavicular joint disruptions using a semitendinosis graft and titanium flip button. Concerns over other techniques led to modifications of this technique to address biomechanical limitations and applicability to broader patient populations. The technique involves creating tunnels in the clavicle and coracoid to pass the graft and button, reconstructing the coracoclavicular ligament while avoiding hardware at the clavicle. Reported benefits include reduced morbidity, improved cosmesis, and ability to address concurrent shoulder pathology compared to open techniques.
Acl Reconstruction Surgery In Delhi Dr. Shekhar Srivastav 09971192233DelhiArthroscopy
ACL Reconstruction Surgery in Delhi by Dr. Shekhar Srivastav - Dr. Shekhar Srivastav is an Orthopedic Surgeon attached to Sant Parmanand Hospital, Delhi with special interest in Knee & Shoulder surgery. After obtaining his M.S. Orthopedics degree he has undergone training in various centers in India and Abroad which has helped him in understanding the Orthopedics problems and their Management. He did his AO/ ASIF fellowship at University Hospital, Salzburg, Austria in 2006 and recieved training in Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine at TUM, Munich (Germany) & Rush Orthopedics Centre, Chicago( USA). He has an experience of more than fifteen years of diagnosing and treating Orthopedics & Trauma patients.
Check Out Details at http://www.delhiarthroscopy.com
Tunnel Enlargement in Single Bundle ACL Reconstruction Using Bio-Interference...TheRightDoctors
Tunnel Enlargement in Single Bundle ACL Reconstruction Using Bio-Interference Screw, Transfix and Tight Rope RT: A Comparitive Study Using Computed Tomography-Dr. Ankit Goyal
Acl Reconstruction Surgery In Delhi Dr. Shekhar Srivastav 09971192233DelhiArthroscopy
ACL Reconstruction Surgery in Delhi by Dr. Shekhar Srivastav - Dr. Shekhar Srivastav is an Orthopedic Surgeon attached to Sant Parmanand Hospital, Delhi with special interest in Knee & Shoulder surgery. After obtaining his M.S. Orthopedics degree he has undergone training in various centers in India and Abroad which has helped him in understanding the Orthopedics problems and their Management. He did his AO/ ASIF fellowship at University Hospital, Salzburg, Austria in 2006 and recieved training in Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine at TUM, Munich (Germany) & Rush Orthopedics Centre, Chicago( USA). He has an experience of more than fifteen years of diagnosing and treating Orthopedics & Trauma patients.
Check Out Details at http://www.delhiarthroscopy.com
Tunnel Enlargement in Single Bundle ACL Reconstruction Using Bio-Interference...TheRightDoctors
Tunnel Enlargement in Single Bundle ACL Reconstruction Using Bio-Interference Screw, Transfix and Tight Rope RT: A Comparitive Study Using Computed Tomography-Dr. Ankit Goyal
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a well-established surgical procedure. However, post-operative imaging in the early phase is not routinely performed. The rationale for performing such imaging is to provide a baseline examination for future controls, to provide immediate feedback to surgeons regarding tunnel placement, and to assess placement of fixation devices
A spinal fusion surgery is a procedure that is used to join two or more vertebrae together. Spinal Fusion Surgery India has a high success rate and you can be one of the many people who recover from a serious illness and live a long and happy life.
A Comparative Study of the Clinical and Functional Outcome Anterior Cruciate ...TheRightDoctors
A Comparative Study of the Clinical and Functional Outcome Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Transportal and Transtibial Approach for Femoral Tunnel Drilling-Dr. Adarsh Reddy
As an orthopedic surgeon at Aurora Advanced Healthcare Orthopaedics in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Dr. Mark Wichman builds on his extensive experience in surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL. Dr. Mark Wichman contributed a section explaining the use of a particular soft tissue fastener in the ACL procedure to the surgical technique manual of Medshape Orthopaedics, a manufacturer of orthopedic devices in Atlanta, Georgia.
clerked a case, presented to 5 orthopaedics professors for end of posting evaluation and here it is,with a thought of sharing online (eventho this is not a good one)
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a well-established surgical procedure. However, post-operative imaging in the early phase is not routinely performed. The rationale for performing such imaging is to provide a baseline examination for future controls, to provide immediate feedback to surgeons regarding tunnel placement, and to assess placement of fixation devices
A spinal fusion surgery is a procedure that is used to join two or more vertebrae together. Spinal Fusion Surgery India has a high success rate and you can be one of the many people who recover from a serious illness and live a long and happy life.
A Comparative Study of the Clinical and Functional Outcome Anterior Cruciate ...TheRightDoctors
A Comparative Study of the Clinical and Functional Outcome Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Transportal and Transtibial Approach for Femoral Tunnel Drilling-Dr. Adarsh Reddy
As an orthopedic surgeon at Aurora Advanced Healthcare Orthopaedics in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Dr. Mark Wichman builds on his extensive experience in surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL. Dr. Mark Wichman contributed a section explaining the use of a particular soft tissue fastener in the ACL procedure to the surgical technique manual of Medshape Orthopaedics, a manufacturer of orthopedic devices in Atlanta, Georgia.
clerked a case, presented to 5 orthopaedics professors for end of posting evaluation and here it is,with a thought of sharing online (eventho this is not a good one)
GEMC: Upper Extremity Injuries: Shoulder, Elbow and Wrist: Resident TrainingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Dr. Patrick Carter from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
The “Bony Bankart Bridge” Procedure Shoulder Instability | Shoudler Surgery |...Peter Millett MD
Arthroscopic treatment of bony Bankart lesions can be challenging. We present a new easy and reproducible technique for arthroscopic reduction and suture anchor fixation of bony Bankart fragments. A suture anchor is placed medially to the fracture on the glenoid neck, and its sutures are passed around the bony fragment through the soft tissue including the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex. The sutures of this anchor are loaded in a second anchor that is placed on the glenoid face. This creates a nontilting 2-point fixation that compresses the fragment into its bed. By use of the standard technique, additional suture anchors are used superiorly and inferiorly to the bony Bankart piece to repair the labrum and shift the joint capsule. We call this the “bony Bankart bridge” procedure. Key Words: Arthroscopy—Bony Bankart lesion—Suture bridge—Instability—Shoulder. For more shoulder surgery and shoulder instability studies, visit Dr. Millett, The Steadman Clinic, Greater Denver Area http://drmillett.com/shoulder-studies
The treatment for sarcoma cancer is done only through the surgical methods in which the bone and soft-tissue of limb of the patient is saved from extremity tumour cases.
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts wi...CrimsonPublishersOPROJ
Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts with Femoral Suspensory Fixation: A Biomechanical Study by Matthew Richard Moralle* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopedic Research and Reviews Journal
The use of a robotic surgical system can provide added dexterity for delicate intraocular manipulations.
By Jean Pierre Hubschman, MD; Angelo Tsirbas, MD; and Steven D. Schwartz MD
ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΣΘΙΟΥ ΧΙΑΣΤΟΥ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΥ ΜΕ ΜΟΝΗ ΔΕΣΜΗ ΣΕ ΑΝΑΤΟΜΙΚΗ ΘΕΣΗ. ...STAVROS ALEVROGIANNIS
(Παρουσίαση σε Διεθνές Συνέδριο Εταιρείας Αρθροσκόπησης & Χειρουργικής Γόνατος της Πολωνίας, POZNAN 2011).
FREE HAND NOVEL ANATOMIC SINGLE BAND TECHNIQUE FOR ACLR
(X/O BUTTON,CONMED,LINVATEC,USA).PRELIMINARY RESULTS.
(POZNAN 2011)
1. Indiana Orthopaedic Journal Volume 4 – 2010 The surgical treatment of symptomatic complete or high grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint disruptions remains controversial with more than 60 published techniques. 1 Concerns regarding strength of initial fixation, cyclic failure, and inconsistent outcomes with techniques similar to the coracoacromial (CA) ligament transfer first described by Weaver and Dunn have been reported. 2-5 Failure due to synthetic material abrasion at the clavicle or coracoid as well as cyclic failure of the synthetic material is a concern with techniques utilizing a synthetic material construct alone. 6, 7 Excellent biomechanical strength and clinical outcomes have been recently reported with tendon graft coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction. 8-10 This paper describes an arthroscopic technique that is equally suitable to acute or chronic high grade AC joint disruptions as well as previously failed CC reconstructions. A tension band construct is created utilizing a single titanium flip button device placed at the inferior cortex of the coracoid (#7 PE ZipLoop Extended ToggleLoc; Biomet. Warsaw, IN) combined with a Semitendinosis graft. Along with offering the benefits of an arthroscopic approach, the technique also offers the additional advantage of placing no hardware at the superior aspect of the clavicle. Shoulder Specialist Surgical Technique After initially learning an arthroscopic AC reconstruction technique in August 2000, as described by Wolf, 11 we have gradually modified our technique both to address potential biomechanical and clinical limitations and to formulate the most reliable technique with inherent applicability for the broadest possible patient population. We perform all shoulder arthroscopy procedures in the modified lateral decubitus position utilizing 6-10 pounds of counter-traction to suspend the arm. (Figure 1) For patients that prefer an autograft, we recommend harvesting the ipsilateral Semitendinosis graft with the patient initially in the supine position. 12 Glenohumeral and subacromial arthroscopy for diagnosis and treatment is initially performed as required for each unique patient circumstance. We prefer to address all other concurrent pathology prior to proceeding with the CC reconstruction. Visualization of the inferior aspect of 79 Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Semitendinosis Graft and Titanium Flip Button Tension Band Construct Vivek Agrawal, MD The Shoulder Center, PC, Carmel, IN Correspondence: Vivek Agrawal MD The Shoulder Center, PC 12188-A North Meridian Street Suite 310 Carmel, IN 46032-4406 [email_address] (317) 802-9686 Figure 1a: Patient with symptomatic Right Grade IV AC Separation. Figure 1b: Same patient positioned in the semi-lateral decubitus position with portal sites and clavicle incision outlined. the coracoid is then performed similar to the manner first described by Wolf. 11 The inferior and lateral aspect of the coracoid process is clearly visualized followed by a 1.5cm incision in Langer’s lines at the superior aspect of the clavicle (3cm incision if also performing a distal clavicle resection). Subcutaneous dissection is performed followed by subperiosteal elevation of soft tissues to the anterior and posterior margins of the clavicle. The periosteum anterior and inferior to the clavicle is elevated to allow instrument passage to the coracoid. The clavicular and coracoid tunnels are created utilizing an arthroscopic ACL guide and a 2.4mm drill point guide wire as previously described. 11 (Figure 2) A 4.5mm cannulated drill is utilized over the initial guide wire to create a 4.5mm tunnel in the clavicle and coracoids. (Figure 3) The clavicular tunnel is placed approximately 35mm proximal to the distal clavicle, placing it between the trapezoid and conoid ligament insertions. 13, 14
2. Indiana Orthopaedic Journal Volume 4 – 2010 The “zip suture” loop and one of the ZipLoops is retrieved anterior to the clavicle leaving one ZipLoop within the clavicular tunnel and one anterior to the clavicle. (Figure 7) The Semitendinosis graft is passed through the anterior ZipLoop to create two equal limbs. The appropriate limb of the “zip suture” loop is pulled to shorten this anterior ZipLoop, pulling the Semitendinosis graft to the coracoid tunnel. The ToggleLoc can be rotated or adjusted under direct visualization, utilizing a probe via the anterior cannula, prior to fully reducing the anterior ZipLoop. The anterior ZipLoop is reduced fully, firmly approximating the midpoint of the Semitendinosis graft to the superior aspect of the coracoid and fixing the position of the ToggleLoc at the inferior coracoids. (Figure 8) One limb of the Semitendinosis graft is now passed posterior to the clavicle and medial to the clavicular tunnel to mimic the conoid ligament. With one limb of the Semitendinosis posterior to the clavicle and the other anterior, the limbs are passed through the remaining ZipLoop in the clavicle tunnel. A surgeon’s knot is utilized to tie the 80 Figure 2: Sawbones model demonstrating placement of 2.4mm drill point guide wire. Figure 3: Arthroscopic view of 4.5mm cannulated drill over the initial guide wire at inferior aspect of coracoid. Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Semitendinosis Graft and Titanium Flip Button Tension Band Construct (continued) The guide wire is removed leaving the cannulated drill in place. After a pulling suture is passed through the cannulated drill, superior to sub-coracoid, and retrieved via the anterior cannula, the pulling suture is tied to the ToggleLoc passing suture. The ToggleLoc device has two adjustable ZipLoops, a passing suture loop, and a “zip suture” loop. (Figure 4) With counter traction applied to the ZipLoops to ensure the ToggleLoc does not flip prematurely, the ToggleLoc device is pulled down through the clavicle and coracoid tunnels until it is clearly visualized inferior to the coracoids. (Figure 5) The ToggleLoc device is now allowed to flip and engage the inferior coracoids. (Figure 6) Figure 4: #7 PE ZipLoop Extended ToggleLoc; Biomet. Warsaw, IN.
3. Techniques utilizing only a synthetic material or rigid Indiana Orthopaedic Journal Volume 4 – 2010 Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Semitendinosis Graft and Titanium Flip Button Tension Band Construct (continued) Figure 5a: ToggleLoc device is pulled down through the clavicle and coracoid tunnels. Figure 6: Arthroscopic view of ToggleLoc device engaged at inferior aspect of coracoid. two limbs of the graft over the clavicle while the clavicle is held in a reduced position with the arm traction released. A running locking suture (MaxBraid, Biomet) is utilized to suture the two limbs together. The “zip suture” is now pulled to shorten the clavicular ZipLoop until it is shortened as much as possible. This ZipLoop compresses the graft to the superior aspect of the clavicle, while also creating a construct to maintain tension in the graft. (Figure 9) 81 Figure 5b: ToggleLoc device engaged at inferior aspect of coracoid. The passing suture is removed from the ToggleLoc device. Next, the two limbs of “zip suture” are separated and tied, sliding the knot to the superior aspect of the coracoid utilizing standard arthroscopic techniques. The excess ends of the graft are trimmed and the incision is closed in layers (fascia, subcutaneous, skin). The portals are closed with simple sutures. The patient wears a simple sling for one month postoperatively, performing Codman and supine range of motion exercises daily. Active motion and activities are gradually increased with most patients returning to all regular activities at 12-16 weeks postoperatively. We encourage patients to wait at least 6 months to return to contact sports (football, rugby, hockey, etc.) and Olympic style lifts (Dead lift, Snatch, Clean and Jerk). 15 Discussion Of the multiple techniques previously described for high grade AC disruptions, arthroscopic CC reconstruction has only been described recently. 11, 16-21 Although many techniques focus on transfer of the CA ligament with or without augmentation, we prefer to avoid utilizing the CA ligament because the CA ligament may play an important role in shoulder function. 5 Strength of initial fixation, cyclic failure, and inconsistent outcomes with techniques similar to the coracoacromial CA ligament transfer first described by Weaver and Dunn are also of potential concern. 3-6, 9, 22 fixation to maintain the relationship between the clavicle and coracoid are inherently reliant on the biologic healing
4. Recent work focusing on reconstruction of the CC Our technique builds on and differs from previously Indiana Orthopaedic Journal Volume 4 – 2010 Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Semitendinosis Graft and Titanium Flip Button Tension Band Construct (continued) Figure 7: The “zip suture” loop and one of the ZipLoops is retrieved anterior to the clavicle leaving one ZipLoop within the clavicular tunnel and one anterior to the clavicle. potential of the patient’s disrupted CC ligaments and may not be appropriate for chronic AC disruptions or previously failed reconstructions. The biomechanical and functional limitations of these techniques have also been studied. 4, 6, 7, 23 ligaments with biologic tissue (allograft or autograft) has shown promising biomechanical and clinical results. 8, 10, 13, 20, 22, 24, 25 reported open and arthroscopic biologic CC reconstruction techniques: • An arthroscopic technique potentially offers reduced morbidity, improved cosmesis, and the ability to address concurrent shoulder pathology. 11, 16 • The lack of superior hardware placement avoids the potential for hardware loosening, irritation, or prominence. • A single 4.5mm tunnel in the clavicle and coracoid instead of larger or multiple tunnels help reduce the risk of subsequent fracture. 26, 27 • The continuous suture loops placed through the coracoid and clavicle provide uniform compression of the graft at the coracoid and clavicle. Rather than relieve load from the graft, they create a tension band construct to maintain graft tension and position. Figure 8: The anterior ZipLoop is reduced fully, firmly approximating the midpoint of the Semitendinosis graft to the superior aspect of the coracoid and fixing the position of the ToggleLoc at the inferior coracoid. • Placing the graft at the superior cortex of the coracoid more accurately reproduces the anatomic location of the native CC ligaments and avoids the possibility of anterior clavicle translation with passage of the graft around the clavicle. 14, 28, 29 • The risk of neurovascular injury to structures medial to the coracoid is reduced as no dissection medial to the coracoid is required. • The placement of a single drill hole in the clavicle at 35mm medially allows the two limbs of the graft to reproduce the anatomic course and function of the Trapezoid and Conoid ligaments. 14 • The #7 Adjustable Loop ToggleLoc Device has an average peak load of 1664.1N, 374.1lbs with 0mm cyclic loading slippage under testing resulting in the highly desirable likelihood of failure of the Semitendinosis graft rather than at the points of fixation similar to the open technique described by Lee et al (Biomet Sports Medicine, data on file). 9 • Minimal preparation of the graft is required reducing operative time. • The technique utilizes readily available implants and instruments, familiar to many arthroscopic surgeons, making it relatively simple to learn. 82
5. Indiana Orthopaedic Journal Volume 4 – 2010 Figure 9a: Graft passed and tied through clavicular ZipLoop. Figure 9b: Ziploops fully reduced fixing tension and position of graft. Figure 9c: Postoperative radiograph of arthroscopic CC reconstruction technique. As of January 2010, we have performed the technique in six patients. All patients had high grade AC disruptions with disabling symptoms secondary to high energy injuries (motor vehicle accident, recreational vehicle accident, bicycle accident, contact sports, or industrial accident). All six patients also had concurrent shoulder pathology treated arthroscopically at the same operation (rotator cuff tear-2, anterior instability-1, posterior instability-1, SLAP Lesion-4) highlighting the benefits and advantages of an arthroscopic approach. With an admittedly short follow-up, we have had no complications or failures to date and find the technique highly satisfactory for our patients. We continue to follow our 83 1. Rockwood CAJ, Williams, G.R. Jr., Young, D.C. Disorders of the acromioclavicular joint. In: Rockwood CAJ, Matsen, F.A. III, ed. The Shoulder . 2 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1998:483- 553. 2. Weaver JK, Dunn HK. Treatment of acromioclavicular injuries, especially complete acromioclavicular separation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1972; 54(6):1187-1194. 3. Harris RI, Wallace AL, Harper GD, Goldberg JA, Sonnabend DH, Walsh WR. Structural properties of the intact and the reconstructed coracoclavicular ligament complex. Am J Sports Med. Jan-Feb 2000; 28(1):103-108. 4. Jari R, Costic RS, Rodosky MW, Debski RE. Biomechanical function of surgical procedures for acromioclavicular joint dislocations. Arthroscopy. Mar 2004; 20(3):237-245. 5. Lee TQ, Black AD, Tibone JE, McMahon PJ. Release of the coracoacromial ligament can lead to glenohumeral laxity: a biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Jan-Feb 2001; 10(1):68- 72. 6. Kippe MA, Demetropoulos CK, Baker KC, Jurist KA, Guettler JH. Failure of coracoclavicular artificial graft reconstructions from repetitive rotation. Arthroscopy. Sep 2009; 25(9):975-982. 7. Lim YW, Sood A, van Riet RP, Bain GI. Acromioclavicular Joint Reduction, Repair and Reconstruction Using Metallic Buttons-Early Results and Complications. Techniques in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery. 2007; 8(4):213-221 8. Nicholas SJ, Lee SJ, Mullaney MJ, Tyler TF, McHugh MP. Clinical outcomes of coracoclavicular ligament reconstructions using tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med. Nov 2007; 35(11):1912-1917. 9. Lee SJ, Nicholas SJ, Akizuki KH, McHugh MP, Kremenic IJ, Ben-Avi S. Reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments with tendon grafts: a comparative biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med. Sep-Oct 2003; 31(5):648-655. 10. Jones HP, Lemos MJ, Schepsis AA. Salvage of failed acromioclavicular joint reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon from the knee. Surgical technique and case report. Am J Sports Med. Mar-Apr 2001; 29(2):234-237. 11. Wolf EM, Pennington WT. Arthroscopic reconstruction for acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Arthroscopy. May 2001; 17(5):558-563. 12. Wolf EM. Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: TransFix Technique. In: Chow JCY, ed. Advanced Arthroscopy . New York: Springer-Verlag; 2001:449-450. 13. Mazzocca AD, Santangelo SA, Johnson ST, Rios CG, Dumonski ML, Arciero RA. A biomechanical evaluation of an anatomical coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. Feb 2006; 34(2):236-246. 14. Rios CG, Arciero RA, Mazzocca AD. Anatomy of the clavicle and coracoid process for reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments. Am J Sports Med. May 2007; 35(5):811-817. 15. Clayer M, Slavotinek J, Krishnan J. The results of coraco-clavicular slings for acromio- clavicular dislocation. Aust N Z J Surg. Jun 1997;.67(6):343-346. 16. Laurent L, Gloria PB, Jan L. Arthroscopic Treatment of Acute and Chronic Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation. Arthroscopy. 2005; 21:8(1017):e1-e8. 17. Hosseini H, Friedmann S, Troger M, Lobenhoffer P, Agneskirchner JD. Arthroscopic reconstruction of chronic AC joint dislocations by transposition of the coracoacromial ligament augmented by the Tight Rope device: a technical note. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Jan 2009; 17(1):92-97. 18. Tomlinson DP, Altchek DW, Davila J, Cordasco FA. A modified technique of arthroscopically assisted AC joint reconstruction and preliminary results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Mar 2008; 466(3):639-645. 19. Scheibel M, Ifesanya A, Pauly S, Haas NP. Arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for chronic acromioclavicular joint instability. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Nov 2008; 128(11):1327-1333. 20. Pennington WT, Hergan DJ, Bartz BA. Arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using biologic and suture fixation. Arthroscopy. Jul 2007; 23(7):785 e781-787. 21. Wolf EM, Fragomen, A.T. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments for acromioclavicular joint separations. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2004; 12:49-55. 22. Lee SJ, Keefer EP, McHugh MP, et al. Cyclical loading of coracoclavicular ligament reconstructions: a comparative biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med. Oct 2008; 36(10):1990- 1997. 23. Costic RS, Labriola JE, Rodosky MW, Debski RE. Biomechanical rationale for development of anatomical reconstructions of coracoclavicular ligaments after complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations. Am J Sports Med. Dec 2004; 32(8):1929-1936. 24. Wellmann M, Kempka JP, Schanz S, et al. Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: biomechanical comparison of tendon graft repairs to a synthetic double bundle augmentation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. May 2009; 17(5):521-528. 25. Grutter PW, Petersen SA. Anatomical acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction: a biomechanical comparison of reconstructive techniques of the acromioclavicular joint. Am J Sports Med. Nov 2005; 33(11):1723-1728. 26. Nalla RK, Stolken JS, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Fracture in human cortical bone: local fracture criteria and toughening mechanisms. J Biomech. Jul 2005; 38(7):1517-1525. 27. McBroom RJ, Cheal EJ, Hayes WC. Strength reductions from metastatic cortical defects in long bones. J Orthop Res. 1988; 6(3):369-378. 28. Salzmann GM, Paul J, Sandmann GH, Imhoff AB, Schottle PB. The coracoidal insertion of the coracoclavicular ligaments: an anatomic study. Am J Sports Med. Dec 2008; 36(12):2392- 2397. 29. Morrison DS, Lemos MJ. Acromioclavicular separation. Reconstruction using synthetic loop augmentation. Am J Sports Med. Jan-Feb 1995; 23(1):105-110. Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Semitendinosis Graft and Titanium Flip Button Tension Band Construct (continued) patients prospectively for longer term outcomes. In summary, we present a strong and reliable arthroscopic technique for anatomic CC reconstruction as an option for significantly symptomatic high grade acute and chronic AC disruptions as well as failed CC reconstructions. References