This document is the Brazilian standard NBR 6118 from 2004 regarding the design of reinforced concrete structures. It contains 221 pages covering topics such as: objectives and scope; definitions; symbols; general quality requirements for structures and project compliance evaluation; guidelines for concrete structure durability; design criteria for durability; material properties; combined material behavior; safety and limit states; actions; resistances; limits for dimensions, displacements and crack widths; structural analysis; instability and second-order effects; general principles of sizing, verification and detailing; sizing and verification of linear elements; detailing of linear elements; sizing and verification of slabs; detailing of slabs; special regions; special elements; dynamic actions and fatigue; plain concrete
This document summarizes laser screed technology used for smoothing concrete. It describes how laser screeds work by using a laser transmitter to guide a screed head attached to an extendable boom. The screed head cuts, levels, and compacts concrete automatically to produce very flat floors. Several laser screed products are discussed, noting their specifications like screeding area, accuracy, and productivity. Benefits of laser screeding include faster placement, flatter floors, and reduced labor compared to manual screeding. Limitations are mainly that it is only practical for large jobs over 50,000 square feet. Case studies show laser screeds produce much flatter floors than manual methods.
Aula 2 - Estruturas Construtivas de Madeira.pptxrodrigo428042
O documento discute sistemas estruturais de madeira para construção civil. Apresenta as características desses sistemas, incluindo trabalhabilidade com ferramentas simples, conexões com parafusos e pregos, e peso específico baixo. Também descreve os sistemas balão e plataforma, este último podendo ser pré-fabricado e com possibilidade de construções de até nove pavimentos.
Steel fibre reinforced concrete samson adesope & yared aseffaSamsonFemiAdesope
Fibre has been in existence as far back as era ancient time, in the past the horsehair and straw were using in mudbrick. In early 1900s the use of asbestos fibre in concrete material was introduced but it has limitation due to its hazard on human health. In 1950s concept of composite material was adopted in concrete work in which fibre is one of the them but it has not been widely used nowadays as a reinforced material in concrete. In early 1960s in the United States, investigation was firstly made to assess the potential of steel fibres as a reinforcement for concrete. Ever since then, a series of researches have been performed on fibres which steel and glass are major considerations
Construção de alvenaria de tijolo cerâmico maciçoDalber Faria
1. O documento descreve os processos de construção de alvenaria de tijolo cerâmico maciço, incluindo detalhes sobre os componentes, execução e amarração dos tijolos.
2. É explicado que os cantos devem ser construídos primeiro para servir de guia para o restante da parede, e são descritos os diferentes tipos de amarração de tijolos.
3. São fornecidos detalhes técnicos sobre tijolos maciços cerâmicos e de solo-cimento de acordo com padrões brasile
The document presents a study on using locally available waste materials like foundry sand and fly ash in reactive powder concrete (RPC). The objectives are to understand waste utilization and examine how replacements affect RPC properties like strength and ductility. A literature review found that foundry sand and fly ash can improve concrete strength at certain replacement levels. The work plan involves testing RPC mixes with varying levels of foundry sand and fly ash replacement. The goal is to ascertain the behavior and properties of RPC when using these industrial byproducts.
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are typically made of fibers like glass, aramid, or carbon in a polyester or vinyl ester resin matrix. FRP bars are being researched to replace steel reinforcement in concrete as steel is susceptible to corrosion which reduces the lifespan of concrete structures. FRP composites are corrosion resistant, lightweight, and strong. They offer easy construction and handling and have applications in new FRP bridge decks, concrete decks with FRP rebar, and strengthening existing structures. However, FRP composites are still under testing and research as connections are difficult and the fibers cannot be easily bent in the field without losing strength. More design work is needed for this material.
This document summarizes laser screed technology used for smoothing concrete. It describes how laser screeds work by using a laser transmitter to guide a screed head attached to an extendable boom. The screed head cuts, levels, and compacts concrete automatically to produce very flat floors. Several laser screed products are discussed, noting their specifications like screeding area, accuracy, and productivity. Benefits of laser screeding include faster placement, flatter floors, and reduced labor compared to manual screeding. Limitations are mainly that it is only practical for large jobs over 50,000 square feet. Case studies show laser screeds produce much flatter floors than manual methods.
Aula 2 - Estruturas Construtivas de Madeira.pptxrodrigo428042
O documento discute sistemas estruturais de madeira para construção civil. Apresenta as características desses sistemas, incluindo trabalhabilidade com ferramentas simples, conexões com parafusos e pregos, e peso específico baixo. Também descreve os sistemas balão e plataforma, este último podendo ser pré-fabricado e com possibilidade de construções de até nove pavimentos.
Steel fibre reinforced concrete samson adesope & yared aseffaSamsonFemiAdesope
Fibre has been in existence as far back as era ancient time, in the past the horsehair and straw were using in mudbrick. In early 1900s the use of asbestos fibre in concrete material was introduced but it has limitation due to its hazard on human health. In 1950s concept of composite material was adopted in concrete work in which fibre is one of the them but it has not been widely used nowadays as a reinforced material in concrete. In early 1960s in the United States, investigation was firstly made to assess the potential of steel fibres as a reinforcement for concrete. Ever since then, a series of researches have been performed on fibres which steel and glass are major considerations
Construção de alvenaria de tijolo cerâmico maciçoDalber Faria
1. O documento descreve os processos de construção de alvenaria de tijolo cerâmico maciço, incluindo detalhes sobre os componentes, execução e amarração dos tijolos.
2. É explicado que os cantos devem ser construídos primeiro para servir de guia para o restante da parede, e são descritos os diferentes tipos de amarração de tijolos.
3. São fornecidos detalhes técnicos sobre tijolos maciços cerâmicos e de solo-cimento de acordo com padrões brasile
The document presents a study on using locally available waste materials like foundry sand and fly ash in reactive powder concrete (RPC). The objectives are to understand waste utilization and examine how replacements affect RPC properties like strength and ductility. A literature review found that foundry sand and fly ash can improve concrete strength at certain replacement levels. The work plan involves testing RPC mixes with varying levels of foundry sand and fly ash replacement. The goal is to ascertain the behavior and properties of RPC when using these industrial byproducts.
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are typically made of fibers like glass, aramid, or carbon in a polyester or vinyl ester resin matrix. FRP bars are being researched to replace steel reinforcement in concrete as steel is susceptible to corrosion which reduces the lifespan of concrete structures. FRP composites are corrosion resistant, lightweight, and strong. They offer easy construction and handling and have applications in new FRP bridge decks, concrete decks with FRP rebar, and strengthening existing structures. However, FRP composites are still under testing and research as connections are difficult and the fibers cannot be easily bent in the field without losing strength. More design work is needed for this material.
This project report summarizes the process of making and properties of papercrete, a construction material made from recycled paper, Portland cement, and water. Papercrete is lightweight, insulating, fire resistant, and a more sustainable alternative to concrete. The report describes the simple process of mixing paper, cement, and water in a tow mixer to produce papercrete blocks. It then discusses the properties of papercrete compared to concrete and wood, including its compressive strength, insulating and fire resistant abilities. The report also outlines some applications and limitations of using papercrete in construction.
Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is an alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete structures. It consists of high strength glass fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix. GFRC has physical and chemical properties that provide advantages over steel reinforcement, including being lighter weight, stronger in tension and flexure, more durable, and resistant to corrosion. While GFRC has higher initial costs than steel, it requires less maintenance and can extend the lifespan of structures. The document provides details on the production of GFRC and compares its material properties and performance to traditional steel reinforced concrete.
O documento descreve técnicas de construção civil relacionadas à alvenaria, incluindo:
1) Os principais tipos de elementos de alvenaria como tijolos de barro cozido, de solo-cimento e blocos de concreto.
2) Técnicas para a elevação correta de paredes de alvenaria, como começar pelos cantos e usar prumo e nível.
3) Diferentes métodos de amarração dos tijolos para garantir estabilidade.
Retrofitting of RCC structural members is necessary to prevent further distress in concrete. Retrofitting of RCC members should start with investigation and diagnosis of cracks and then by applying suitable retrofitting measures.
Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material made by adding short discrete fibers into concrete to increase its structural integrity. The document discusses the history and development of fiber reinforced concrete, including the use of straw and horsehair in ancient times. It describes the different types of fibers used such as steel, glass, and synthetic fibers. The benefits of fiber reinforced concrete are also outlined, such as improved tensile strength, durability, crack resistance, and fire resistance. Applications include industrial flooring, precast construction, and structures requiring improved impact or explosive resistance.
Este documento fornece instruções para elaboração de laudos de vistoria para regularização de obras ou certidão de construção. Deve-se preencher o projeto com informações sobre a regularização, relatar detalhadamente as condições da construção, anexar fotos e declarar que a obra atende aos requisitos legais.
This document provides guidelines for the design of reinforced concrete structures in buildings according to the limit state method. It outlines the general process for building design which includes studying architectural drawings and field data, preparing reinforced concrete layouts, analyzing structural frames, and designing columns, beams, slabs, and footings. Computer programs like STAAD and in-house software are used to aid in analysis and design. Designers are advised to be familiar with relevant Indian code provisions and follow the guidelines to independently complete reinforced concrete designs for buildings.
The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), including different types of fibers used (steel, glass, synthetic), their properties, and applications. Steel fiber reinforced concrete uses thin steel wires to improve structural strength and reduce cracking. Glass fiber reinforced concrete uses fiberglass for insulation and crack prevention. Synthetic fibers like plastic and nylon improve properties like pumpability and prevent cracking and spalling. FRC provides benefits like increased tensile strength, energy absorption, impact resistance, and wear resistance. Common uses include highways, hydraulic structures, and precast applications.
This document summarizes a family-owned manufacturing company that began in 1926 in Illinois and has since expanded to 13 facilities across North America. The company produces a variety of concrete-related products and offers regional manufacturing and warehousing to serve individual market needs. Polished concrete, one of the company's products, involves a multi-step mechanical grinding and polishing process using industrial diamonds to densify, polish, and seal concrete floors. Benefits of polished concrete include stain resistance, slip resistance, reduced maintenance costs, and its sustainability.
Abnt nbr 7190 projetos de estrutura de madeiraarthurohz
1. O documento apresenta a NBR 7190 de 1997, que estabelece as condições para o projeto, execução e controle de estruturas de madeira no Brasil.
2. A norma substitui versões anteriores e traz novos conceitos probabilísticos de estados limites para o dimensionamento de estruturas de madeira.
3. São apresentados termos, notações, referências normativas, conceitos gerais e anexos sobre projeto de estruturas de madeira, propriedades da madeira e resistência de ligações.
This presentation covers the contemporary building material 'TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE' - the materials, types, properties, principle, manufacture, application, advantages & disadvantages.
Hello readers,
In this presentation, I am sharing Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
The following parameters are discussed in the presentation:
History.
Why Fibers are used?
Type of fibers.
Mechanical properties of FRC.
Factors affecting properties of FRC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FRC.
Applications of FRC.
1. O documento descreve o projeto estrutural de sapatas, que são fundações superficiais utilizadas para transmitir cargas de pilares ou paredes ao solo. 2. Aborda a classificação de sapatas quanto à rigidez e posição, e os aspectos geotécnicos importantes para o projeto como investigações do solo e níveis freáticos. 3. Explica que o dimensionamento de sapatas considera a resistência do solo, rigidez, e verificação de flexão, cisalhamento e punção.
Bacterial concrete uses special bacteria and nutrients embedded in concrete that can precipitate minerals to self-heal cracks. When cracks form and water enters, dormant bacterial spores germinate, consuming the nutrients and precipitating minerals to fill the cracks without external repair. This improves concrete's durability and strength over time by sealing cracks that normally allow chemical intrusion. Bacterial concrete is more expensive than traditional concrete but offers self-repair abilities and longer structure lifespan by preventing corrosion and degradation from cracks.
This document presents information on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It discusses that FRC adds fibers to concrete to control cracking from shrinkage and improve tensile strength. Common fiber types include steel, glass, and polymers. FRC has applications in thin sheets, pipes, precast elements, and floors where it improves durability and reduces cracking. The properties of FRC depend on fiber volume, aspect ratio, orientation, and the fiber-matrix bond. FRC provides benefits like increased strength, ductility, impact resistance, and reduced crack widths compared to plain concrete. However, it can reduce workability, especially with higher fiber volumes or aspect ratios.
Este documento discute muros de arrimo ou contenção, incluindo definições, materiais, tipos como muros de gravidade, flexão e terra armada. Ele fornece detalhes sobre projeto de muros de arrimo, como pré-dimensionamento, cálculo de esforços e verificação de estabilidade.
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a very strong and durable building material developed in the 1990s. It consists of a finely-ground mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz flour, water and steel fibers that is cured at a high temperature. RPC has extremely high compressive strength, even over 200 MPa, along with high flexural strength and very low permeability. It has been used in bridges, seawalls, buildings and other structures where high strength and durability are required. However, RPC is more expensive to produce than normal concrete due to its specialized composition and processing requirements.
Fibre reinforced concrete is a composite material made of cement, mortar or concrete with small, closely spaced fibres added to increase tensile strength and crack resistance. The document discusses factors that affect fibre reinforced concrete properties like fibre-matrix stiffness, fibre volume, fibre aspect ratio, fibre orientation, workability, aggregate size and mixing. It also describes different types of fibre reinforced concrete including steel, polypropylene and glass fibre reinforced concrete and their applications in construction.
This document is an errata notice for the Brazilian Technical Standard NBR 14653-1:2001 on asset appraisal. It aims to correct a typo in the fourth paragraph of the preface, where "NBR 14563" should read "NBR 14653".
The notice provides contact information for ABNT, the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, which published the standard. It reprints the cover page and table of contents of NBR 14653-1:2001.
This document provides a structural calculation memorandum for a 35m3 elevated water tank. It includes sections on design codes and standards, site information, design criteria, loads, materials, preliminary structural element sizing, project description, tank design, and conclusions. The tank design section describes calculating structural weights, liquid pressures and heights, the structural model, load cases including live, water pressure, earthquake, and dynamic analysis. Reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs and walls are designed to resist bending moments, shear forces and displacements from the various load combinations.
This project report summarizes the process of making and properties of papercrete, a construction material made from recycled paper, Portland cement, and water. Papercrete is lightweight, insulating, fire resistant, and a more sustainable alternative to concrete. The report describes the simple process of mixing paper, cement, and water in a tow mixer to produce papercrete blocks. It then discusses the properties of papercrete compared to concrete and wood, including its compressive strength, insulating and fire resistant abilities. The report also outlines some applications and limitations of using papercrete in construction.
Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is an alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete structures. It consists of high strength glass fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix. GFRC has physical and chemical properties that provide advantages over steel reinforcement, including being lighter weight, stronger in tension and flexure, more durable, and resistant to corrosion. While GFRC has higher initial costs than steel, it requires less maintenance and can extend the lifespan of structures. The document provides details on the production of GFRC and compares its material properties and performance to traditional steel reinforced concrete.
O documento descreve técnicas de construção civil relacionadas à alvenaria, incluindo:
1) Os principais tipos de elementos de alvenaria como tijolos de barro cozido, de solo-cimento e blocos de concreto.
2) Técnicas para a elevação correta de paredes de alvenaria, como começar pelos cantos e usar prumo e nível.
3) Diferentes métodos de amarração dos tijolos para garantir estabilidade.
Retrofitting of RCC structural members is necessary to prevent further distress in concrete. Retrofitting of RCC members should start with investigation and diagnosis of cracks and then by applying suitable retrofitting measures.
Fiber reinforced concrete is a composite material made by adding short discrete fibers into concrete to increase its structural integrity. The document discusses the history and development of fiber reinforced concrete, including the use of straw and horsehair in ancient times. It describes the different types of fibers used such as steel, glass, and synthetic fibers. The benefits of fiber reinforced concrete are also outlined, such as improved tensile strength, durability, crack resistance, and fire resistance. Applications include industrial flooring, precast construction, and structures requiring improved impact or explosive resistance.
Este documento fornece instruções para elaboração de laudos de vistoria para regularização de obras ou certidão de construção. Deve-se preencher o projeto com informações sobre a regularização, relatar detalhadamente as condições da construção, anexar fotos e declarar que a obra atende aos requisitos legais.
This document provides guidelines for the design of reinforced concrete structures in buildings according to the limit state method. It outlines the general process for building design which includes studying architectural drawings and field data, preparing reinforced concrete layouts, analyzing structural frames, and designing columns, beams, slabs, and footings. Computer programs like STAAD and in-house software are used to aid in analysis and design. Designers are advised to be familiar with relevant Indian code provisions and follow the guidelines to independently complete reinforced concrete designs for buildings.
The document discusses fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), including different types of fibers used (steel, glass, synthetic), their properties, and applications. Steel fiber reinforced concrete uses thin steel wires to improve structural strength and reduce cracking. Glass fiber reinforced concrete uses fiberglass for insulation and crack prevention. Synthetic fibers like plastic and nylon improve properties like pumpability and prevent cracking and spalling. FRC provides benefits like increased tensile strength, energy absorption, impact resistance, and wear resistance. Common uses include highways, hydraulic structures, and precast applications.
This document summarizes a family-owned manufacturing company that began in 1926 in Illinois and has since expanded to 13 facilities across North America. The company produces a variety of concrete-related products and offers regional manufacturing and warehousing to serve individual market needs. Polished concrete, one of the company's products, involves a multi-step mechanical grinding and polishing process using industrial diamonds to densify, polish, and seal concrete floors. Benefits of polished concrete include stain resistance, slip resistance, reduced maintenance costs, and its sustainability.
Abnt nbr 7190 projetos de estrutura de madeiraarthurohz
1. O documento apresenta a NBR 7190 de 1997, que estabelece as condições para o projeto, execução e controle de estruturas de madeira no Brasil.
2. A norma substitui versões anteriores e traz novos conceitos probabilísticos de estados limites para o dimensionamento de estruturas de madeira.
3. São apresentados termos, notações, referências normativas, conceitos gerais e anexos sobre projeto de estruturas de madeira, propriedades da madeira e resistência de ligações.
This presentation covers the contemporary building material 'TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE' - the materials, types, properties, principle, manufacture, application, advantages & disadvantages.
Hello readers,
In this presentation, I am sharing Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
The following parameters are discussed in the presentation:
History.
Why Fibers are used?
Type of fibers.
Mechanical properties of FRC.
Factors affecting properties of FRC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of FRC.
Applications of FRC.
1. O documento descreve o projeto estrutural de sapatas, que são fundações superficiais utilizadas para transmitir cargas de pilares ou paredes ao solo. 2. Aborda a classificação de sapatas quanto à rigidez e posição, e os aspectos geotécnicos importantes para o projeto como investigações do solo e níveis freáticos. 3. Explica que o dimensionamento de sapatas considera a resistência do solo, rigidez, e verificação de flexão, cisalhamento e punção.
Bacterial concrete uses special bacteria and nutrients embedded in concrete that can precipitate minerals to self-heal cracks. When cracks form and water enters, dormant bacterial spores germinate, consuming the nutrients and precipitating minerals to fill the cracks without external repair. This improves concrete's durability and strength over time by sealing cracks that normally allow chemical intrusion. Bacterial concrete is more expensive than traditional concrete but offers self-repair abilities and longer structure lifespan by preventing corrosion and degradation from cracks.
This document presents information on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It discusses that FRC adds fibers to concrete to control cracking from shrinkage and improve tensile strength. Common fiber types include steel, glass, and polymers. FRC has applications in thin sheets, pipes, precast elements, and floors where it improves durability and reduces cracking. The properties of FRC depend on fiber volume, aspect ratio, orientation, and the fiber-matrix bond. FRC provides benefits like increased strength, ductility, impact resistance, and reduced crack widths compared to plain concrete. However, it can reduce workability, especially with higher fiber volumes or aspect ratios.
Este documento discute muros de arrimo ou contenção, incluindo definições, materiais, tipos como muros de gravidade, flexão e terra armada. Ele fornece detalhes sobre projeto de muros de arrimo, como pré-dimensionamento, cálculo de esforços e verificação de estabilidade.
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a very strong and durable building material developed in the 1990s. It consists of a finely-ground mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz flour, water and steel fibers that is cured at a high temperature. RPC has extremely high compressive strength, even over 200 MPa, along with high flexural strength and very low permeability. It has been used in bridges, seawalls, buildings and other structures where high strength and durability are required. However, RPC is more expensive to produce than normal concrete due to its specialized composition and processing requirements.
Fibre reinforced concrete is a composite material made of cement, mortar or concrete with small, closely spaced fibres added to increase tensile strength and crack resistance. The document discusses factors that affect fibre reinforced concrete properties like fibre-matrix stiffness, fibre volume, fibre aspect ratio, fibre orientation, workability, aggregate size and mixing. It also describes different types of fibre reinforced concrete including steel, polypropylene and glass fibre reinforced concrete and their applications in construction.
This document is an errata notice for the Brazilian Technical Standard NBR 14653-1:2001 on asset appraisal. It aims to correct a typo in the fourth paragraph of the preface, where "NBR 14563" should read "NBR 14653".
The notice provides contact information for ABNT, the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, which published the standard. It reprints the cover page and table of contents of NBR 14653-1:2001.
This document provides a structural calculation memorandum for a 35m3 elevated water tank. It includes sections on design codes and standards, site information, design criteria, loads, materials, preliminary structural element sizing, project description, tank design, and conclusions. The tank design section describes calculating structural weights, liquid pressures and heights, the structural model, load cases including live, water pressure, earthquake, and dynamic analysis. Reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs and walls are designed to resist bending moments, shear forces and displacements from the various load combinations.
This document provides specifications for constructing sewer manholes, including materials, installation procedures, and testing requirements. Concrete, masonry units, and precast sections will be used for manhole structures. Joints must be sealed and waterproof coatings applied. Manholes will be tested for water exfiltration leakage according to specified standards. Not less than 20% of manholes shall undergo testing to ensure compliance.
This technical specification outlines requirements for manufacturing chromium-molybdenum coupling flanges for an end fitting/feeder pipe connection for a life extension project at the Embalse Nuclear Power Plant. Key requirements include using ASME SA-541 Grade 22 Class 4 material, meeting dimensional and cleanliness specifications, submitting manufacturing procedures for review, producing qualification samples, and permanently marking each flange with identification information.
This document provides details on the construction methodology for pavement quality concrete (PQC). It outlines the materials and technologies used, which include PQC, DLC, and PCC. The scope covers the selection and testing of materials, design of concrete mixes, construction processes like batching, placing, finishing and curing, and quality control checks. Cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and water are identified as the main materials. Proportioning of concrete and workability are also covered. Preparation of the base, joints, and curing methods using a separation membrane are additionally summarized.
EDUARDO H. PARE SPECS & SW_BUILDING & UNDERGROUND CABLES CIVIL WORKSEduardo H. Pare
This document provides specifications for civil, structural and architectural works for a SCADA Control Centre upgrade project. It includes specifications for building works, underground cable civil works, and materials and standards for various elements. For building works, it specifies requirements for reinforced concrete, structural steel, masonry, roofing systems, waterproofing and more. It provides performance requirements, codes and standards to be followed, concrete and reinforcement requirements, and details for roofing, substructure waterproofing and other aspects.
EDUARDO H. PARE CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATIONSEduardo H. Pare
CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
AUTHOR: EDUARDO H. PARE, BSCE, HAU, EPCC, PMC
CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
SPECS & SW_BUILDING & UNDERGROUND CABLES CIVIL WORKSEduardo H. Pare
This document provides specifications for civil, structural and architectural works for a SCADA Control Centre upgrade project. It includes specifications for building works, underground cable civil works, and materials and standards for various elements. For building works, it specifies requirements for reinforced concrete, structural steel, masonry, roofing systems, substructure waterproofing and more. It provides performance requirements, codes and standards to be followed, concrete and reinforcement requirements, roofing system details, and waterproofing system specifications.
This document provides a predimensioning, structural analysis, and seismic design of a 4-story university building located in Cajamarca, Peru. It includes:
1. An introduction describing the importance of seismic analysis for structures in Peru.
2. Objectives of analyzing and applying Peruvian building code standards.
3. A description of the building project including architectural details, soil conditions, and material properties.
4. An overview of the predimensioning process for walls, slabs, beams, and columns based on code requirements and best practices.
5. Details of the predimensioning calculations for selected structural elements.
The document aims to demonstrate the application of structural analysis
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This document provides details on the prestressing protocol for cantilever tendons on the Giborim Highway Bridge project. It includes specifications on concrete strength requirements before prestressing, equipment calibration, stressing records, grouting procedures, and safety. Prestressing will involve 26 tendons per cantilever using a bonded post-tensioning system. Segments will be constructed using balanced cantilever construction and prestressed in sequence as construction progresses.
The document discusses the prestressing of tendons for a 204m long highway bridge in Israel using balanced cantilever construction. It involves prestressing 26 tendons in 8 segments per cantilever using a bonded post-tensioning system. Concrete must reach a minimum strength of 35 MPa before prestressing, which also cannot occur earlier than 2.5 days after casting. Detailed elongation calculations are provided for stressing each tendon in sequential segments as construction progresses outward from the piers.
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. It provides guidelines for the design, materials, construction and quality control of concrete structures. The summary highlights:
1) This is the fourth revision of the standard which was originally published in 1953 and revised in 1957, 1964, and 1978.
2) Major changes in this revision include expanded guidance on durability design, simplified acceptance criteria aligned with international standards, and additional concrete grades and exposure conditions.
3) The revision aims to keep up with developments in concrete technology and incorporate improvements based on experience using earlier versions.
The document discusses the upcoming mandatory CE marking requirements for construction products in the European Union beginning July 1, 2013, and fabricated structural steelwork beginning July 1, 2014. It provides guidance on how CE marking will impact the steel construction sector and what engineers, contractors, and steelwork specialists need to do to comply. Specifically, it outlines the four step process engineers must follow to determine the required Execution Class for a project, which will usually be Class 2 for most UK building projects. It also recommends only using steelwork contractors that are BCSA members, as they will have undergone audits to ensure compliance with CE marking regulations.
Want To Know About Concrete Wall System?shamusgarry
If you want to know about Concrete Wall System, then visit our website. We provide information about the concrete wall system and also provide you the best concrete wall system. For more information visit http://www.dincel.com.au/
The document is the Indian Standard code for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides guidelines for concrete mix design, quality control, construction practices, and structural design using both working stress and limit state methods. The 2000 revision incorporates changes to improve durability, simplify acceptance criteria, include higher concrete grades, and provide more guidance on factors affecting long-term performance of concrete structures. It aims to harmonize with international standards while addressing developments in concrete technology.
This document outlines the scope of work for module fabrication works for a hydrogen plant project in Slovakia. It includes prefabricating steel structures, piping, equipment supports, and assembling modules at the subcontractor's facility. The subcontractor will be responsible for transporting the modules and fabricated spools to the construction site. Relevant discipline scopes of work and requirements for materials, planning, documentation, and HSE are also referenced.
This document provides a summary of changes made to the 6th edition of the VA Fire Protection Design Manual. Key changes include clarifying building construction type requirements, parking garage requirements, door locking criteria, data center requirements, water supply requirements, sprinkler system requirements including restrictions on certain piping materials and allowance for residential sprinkler standards, fire alarm system wiring designations, and making the document accessible online. The changes are intended to primarily clarify existing criteria and any significant issues from the revisions should be directed to the VA Central Office.
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The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.