This document provides an overview of acid-base disorders and the approach to interpreting arterial blood gases (ABGs). It begins with a brief preview of the summary and includes expected changes in different acid-base disorders. The document then presents two medical cases involving patients with acid-base abnormalities. It analyzes the lab results and clinical picture for each case and discusses the diagnoses and treatment. Additional topics covered include causes of metabolic alkalosis and acidosis, interpreting urine and serum electrolytes, and the use of diagnostic tests. The document concludes with a quiz case involving a patient with asthma and theophylline toxicity.